tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-72183697659042643172024-03-14T17:17:11.308+07:00 Healthy Lifetrying to share...Erwinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12982580847034408349noreply@blogger.comBlogger171125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7218369765904264317.post-20027815423989328622017-01-04T15:46:00.000+07:002017-01-04T15:46:27.037+07:00Understanding Cancer<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="color: #f9cb9c;"><b>What Is Cancer?</b></span></span></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">In the most basic terms, cancer refers to cells that
grow out-of-control and invade other tissues. Cells may become cancerous due to
the accumulation of defects, or mutations, in their DNA. Certain inherited
genetic defects (for example, BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations) and infections can
increase the risk of cancer. Environmental factors (for example, air pollution)
and poor lifestyle choices—such as smoking and heavy alcohol use—can also
damage DNA and lead to cancer.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Most of the time, cells are able to detect and repair
DNA damage. If a cell is severely damaged and cannot repair itself, it usually
undergoes so-called programmed cell death or apoptosis. Cancer occurs when
damaged cells grow, divide, and spread abnormally instead of self-destructing
as they should.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfK5FVGn9H1b1rCC0EKRwpjqe4MSR3o4RLLcllAaHkwYa-SOZbTvD6jpAG_6FoFDlVmcpx0zYelP3VirlFGiHZtegEkfFdaBubkMgMn7-ZXc9CPN_n9SfrdHGwmPfXAZS_0jMScvhztq4/s1600/cancer-101-s2-tumors-benign-malignant.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfK5FVGn9H1b1rCC0EKRwpjqe4MSR3o4RLLcllAaHkwYa-SOZbTvD6jpAG_6FoFDlVmcpx0zYelP3VirlFGiHZtegEkfFdaBubkMgMn7-ZXc9CPN_n9SfrdHGwmPfXAZS_0jMScvhztq4/s320/cancer-101-s2-tumors-benign-malignant.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="color: orange;"><i>Malignant Tumors Vs. Benign
Tumors</i></span></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">A tumor is an abnormal mass of
cells. Tumors can either be <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">benign (non-cancerous)</i></b> or <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">malignant
(cancerous)</i></b>. </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="color: #f9cb9c;"><i>>> Benign Tumors</i></span></span></h4>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Benign tumors grow locally and do
not spread. As a result, benign tumors are not considered cancer. They can
still be dangerous, especially if they press against vital organs like the
brain.</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="color: #f9cb9c;">>> Malignant Tumors</span></span></h4>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Malignant tumors have the ability
to spread and invade other tissues. This process, known as metastasis, is a key
feature of cancer. There are many different types of malignancy based on where
a cancer tumor originates.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4Q6lHYoY4y2g22JbimOldkYU8udPk2SA4I92KwGJKDUxAoYFs9DspKCqMbCIX3Bcgj7UxIozmzRPBoUHrJio5gZAjUP77RlMN0pGG7-Y23R0pocVzvPptyntw3svqGJHl9AZJRkr9zyE/s1600/cancer-101-s3a-metastasis.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4Q6lHYoY4y2g22JbimOldkYU8udPk2SA4I92KwGJKDUxAoYFs9DspKCqMbCIX3Bcgj7UxIozmzRPBoUHrJio5gZAjUP77RlMN0pGG7-Y23R0pocVzvPptyntw3svqGJHl9AZJRkr9zyE/s400/cancer-101-s3a-metastasis.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="color: #f9cb9c;"><i> </i></span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="color: orange;"><i>Cancer Metastasis</i></span></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Metastasis is the process whereby
cancer cells break free from a malignant tumor and travel to and invade other
tissues in the body. Cancer cells metastasize to other sites via </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
the lymphatic
system and the bloodstream. Cancer cells from the original—or primary—tumor can
travel to other sites such as the lungs, bones, liver, brain, and other areas.
These metastatic tumors are "secondary cancers" because they arise
from the primary tumor.<br />
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Metastatic cancer retains the name
of the primary cancer. For example, bladder cancer that metastasizes to the
liver is not liver cancer. It is called metastatic bladder cancer. Metastasis
is significant because it helps determine the staging and treatment. Some types
of metastatic cancer are curable, but many are not.</span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="color: orange;"><i> </i></span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="color: orange;"><i>What Causes Cancer? </i></span></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Certain genes control the life
cycle—the growth, function, division, and death—of a cell. When these genes are
damaged, the balance between normal cell growth and death is lost. Cancer cells
are caused by DNA damage and out-of-control cell growth. The following is a
partial list of factors known to damage DNA and increase the risk of cancer:</span><br />
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<br /></div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><h4>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="color: #f9cb9c;">Mutations Cause</span></span></h4>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Genetic mutations may cause
cancer. For example, mutations of genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 (linked to an increased
risk of breast and ovarian cancers) can inhibit the body’s ability to
safe-guard and repair DNA. Copies of these mutated genes can be passed on
genetically to future generations, leading to a genetically-inherited increased
risk of cancer.</span>
<br />
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<br /></div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><h4>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="color: #f9cb9c;">Environment Cause</span></span></h4>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Cancer may be caused by
environmental exposure. Sunlight can cause cancer through ultraviolet
radiation. So can air pollutants like soot, wood dust, asbestos, and arsenic,
to name just a few.</span><br />
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<br /></div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><h4>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="color: #f9cb9c;">Microbes Cause</span></span></h4>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Some microbes are known to
increase cancer risks. These include bacteria like H. pylori, which causes
stomach ulcers and has been linked to gastric cancer. Viral infections (including
Epstein-Barr, HPV, and hepatitis B and C) have also been linked to cancer.</span><br />
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<br /></div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><h4>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="color: #f9cb9c;">Lifestyle and Diet Causes</span></span></h4>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Lifestyle choices can lead to
cancer as well. Eating a poor diet, inactivity, obesity, heavy alcohol use,
tobacco use including smoking, and exposure to chemicals and toxins are all
associated with greater cancer risk.</span><br />
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<h4>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></h4>
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="color: #f9cb9c;"><i>Causes of Cancer: Treatment</i></span></span></h4>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Medical treatment with
chemotherapy, radiation, targeted treatments (drugs designed to target a
specific type of cancer cell) or immunosuppressive drugs used to decrease the
spread of cancer throughout the body can also cause damage to healthy cells.
Some “second cancers”, completely separate from the initial cancer, have been
known to occur following aggressive cancer treatments; however, researchers are
producing drugs that cause less damage to healthy cells (for example, targeted
therapy).</span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="color: orange;"><i>Cancer Symptoms and Signs </i></span></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">There are more than 100 different
types of cancer. Every cancer and every individual is unique. Cancer symptoms
and signs depend on the size and location of the cancer as well as the presence
or absence of metastasis.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Symptoms and signs of cancer may
include: </span><br />
<ul type="disc">
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Pain</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Fatigue</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Skin changes (redness, sores that
won't heal, jaundice, darkening)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Unintended weight loss or weight gain</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
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<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Other more obvious signs of cancer
may include: </span><br />
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Lumps or tumors (mass)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Difficulty swallowing</span></li>
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bladder function</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Persistent cough or hoarseness</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Short of breath</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Chest pain</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Unexplained bleeding or discharge</span></li>
</ul>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="color: orange;"><i>6 Types of Cancer </i></span></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Cancer can occur anywhere in the
body. Broadly, cancers are classified as either solid (for example breast,
lung, or prostate cancers) or liquid (blood cancers). Cancer is further
classified according to the tissue in which it arises.</span><br />
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<br /></div>
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></h4>
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="color: lime;">1. Carcinoma</span></span></h4>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Carcinomas are cancers that occur
in epithelial tissues in the body. They comprise 80% to 90% of all cancers.
Most breast, lung, colon, skin, and prostate cancers are carcinomas. This class
includes the two most common skin cancers, basal cell carcinoma and squamous
cell carcinoma. Also in this class is the glandular cancer adenocarcinoma.</span><br />
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<h4>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></h4>
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="color: lime;">2. Sarcoma Cancer</span></span></h4>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Sarcomas occur in connective
tissue like the bones, cartilage, fat, blood vessels, and muscles. This class
of cancers includes the bone cancers osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma, Kaposi
sarcoma (which causes skin lesions), and the muscle cancers rhabdomyosarcoma
and leiomyosarcoma.</span><br />
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<h4>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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</span></h4>
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="color: lime;"> </span></span></h4>
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="color: lime;">3. Myeloma Cancer</span></span></h4>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Myelomas are cancers that occur in
plasma cells in the bone marrow. This class of cancer includes multiple
myeloma, also known as Kahler disease.</span><br />
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<h4>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></h4>
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="color: lime;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4. Leukemia</span></span></h4>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Leukemias are a group of different
blood cancers of the bone marrow. They cause large numbers of abnormal blood
cells to enter the bloodstream.</span><br />
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<br /></div>
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></h4>
<h4>
<span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">5. Lymphoma Cancer</span></span></h4>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Lymphomas are cancers of the
immune system cells. These include the rare but serious Hodgkin lymphoma
(Hodgkin’s lymphoma, also Hodgkin’s disease) and a large group of white blood
cell cancers known collectively as non-Hodgkin lymphoma (non-Hodgkin’s
lymphoma).</span><br />
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<br /></div>
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></h4>
<h4>
<span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">6. Mixed Cancer</span></span></h4>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Mixed cancers arise from more than
one type of tissue.</span><br />
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: orange;"><i><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">How Stages of
Cancer Are Determined</span></b></span></i></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirRUgR2irpohD9mEv8v0dSeyWYRAGM-me7PR6T-SBZivEeJhuCsYGyS3dz29BPm6SvTMBiI_JEiJj2UiXa2m6HQDm9pRZQO18spmDVxJazl_iouxkKRQjRDCt6B-g5Hze8xGoHReWHFu0/s1600/cancer-101-s8-tnm-staging.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirRUgR2irpohD9mEv8v0dSeyWYRAGM-me7PR6T-SBZivEeJhuCsYGyS3dz29BPm6SvTMBiI_JEiJj2UiXa2m6HQDm9pRZQO18spmDVxJazl_iouxkKRQjRDCt6B-g5Hze8xGoHReWHFu0/s320/cancer-101-s8-tnm-staging.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Doctors use the stages of cancer to classify cancer
according to its size, location, and extent of spread. Staging helps doctors
determine the prognosis and treatment for cancer. </span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">The TNM staging system
classifies cancers according to: </span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Tumor (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">T</b>): Primary tumor
size and/or extent</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Nodes (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">N</b>): Spread of cancer
to lymph nodes in the regional area of the primary tumor</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Metastasis (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">M</b>): Spread of
cancer to distant sites away from the primary tumor</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Some cancers, including those of the brain, spinal
cord, bone marrow (lymphoma), blood (leukemia), and female reproductive system,
do not receive a TNM classification. Instead, these cancers are classified
according to a different staging systems.<b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></b></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<span style="color: orange;"><i><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">What Are The
Stages of Cancer? </span></b></span></i></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">The TNM classification of a cancer usually correlates
to one of the following five stages.</span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="color: yellow;">Stage 0</span>: This refers to cancer that is "in situ," meaning
that cancerous cells are confined to their site of origin. This type of
cancer has not spread and is not invading other tissues.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="color: yellow;">Stage I – Stage III</span>: These higher stages of cancer correspond to
larger tumors and/or greater extent of disease. Cancers in these stages
may have spread beyond the site of origin to invade regional lymph nodes,
tissues, or organs.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="color: yellow;">Stage IV</span>: This type of cancer has spread to distant lymph nodes,
tissues, or organs in the body far away from the site of origin.</span></li>
</ul>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Diagnosing Cancer</span></i></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Various tests may be performed in
order to confirm a cancer diagnosis. Positron Emission Tomography and Computed
Tomography (PET-CT) Scans and other similar tests can </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
highlight “hot spots” of
cancer cells with high metabolic rates.<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">The most common test and
procedures used to diagnose cancer include: </span><br />
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Mammogram</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Pap Test</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Tumor Marker Test</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Bone Scan</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">MRI</span></li>
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</ul>
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<h4>
<span style="color: orange;"><i><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">The Role of Lymph Nodes in Cancer
Diagnosis</span></i></span></h4>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8-We-i9ozteq-yHypVFCHJrOyoChvEl_hJIbRJXmiyA0LBm9LXdmS7m13WYC4IxouKu523cazPMOFOVxpmSZ8cD0IGnnX4LzuH0m3H1iIDVJINchNSrvN-e7Nm6vnJV05RvZd9Pk7Ej8/s1600/cancer-101-s10-lumph-nodes.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8-We-i9ozteq-yHypVFCHJrOyoChvEl_hJIbRJXmiyA0LBm9LXdmS7m13WYC4IxouKu523cazPMOFOVxpmSZ8cD0IGnnX4LzuH0m3H1iIDVJINchNSrvN-e7Nm6vnJV05RvZd9Pk7Ej8/s200/cancer-101-s10-lumph-nodes.jpg" width="200" /></a></span>Cancer that originates in the
lymph nodes or other area of the lymphatic system is called </span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"></span>lymphoma. Cancer
that originates elsewhere in the body can spread to lymph nodes. The presence
of metastasized cancer in the lymph nodes is may mean the cancer is growing
quickly and/or is more likely to spread to other sites. The presence of cancer
in lymph nodes often affects prognosis and treatment decisions. Many diagnostic
tests look at the lymph nodes as an indicator. </span><br />
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></i></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">What Are Treatment Options?</span></i></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">The treatment is highly variable
depending on the type and stage of a cancer as well as the overall health of
the patient. The most common treatments are surgery, radiation, and
chemotherapy. Other treatments include targeted/biological therapies, hematopoietic
stem cell transplants, angiogenesis inhibitors, cryosurgery, and photodynamic
therapy.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Every treatment has potential
risks, benefits, and side effects. The patient and his or her care team, which
may include an internist or other specialist, surgeon, oncologist, radiation
oncologist, and others, will help determine the best and most appropriate
course of treatment.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Until a cure can be found,
prevention through a healthy lifestyle is the best way to stop cancer. Some
ways to help protect yourself from cancer include eating plenty of fruits and
vegetables, maintaining a healthy weight, abstaining from tobacco, drinking
only in moderation, exercising, avoiding sun damage, getting immunizations, and
getting regular health screenings.</span><br />
<br />
<ul>
<li><h3>
<span style="color: yellow;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Surgery</span></span></h3>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Surgery is often performed to
remove malignant tumors. Surgery allows for the determination of the exact size
of the tumor as well as the extent of spread and invasion into other nearby
structures or lymph nodes – all-important factors in prognosis and treatment.
Surgery is often combined with other cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy
and/or radiation.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Sometimes, cancer cannot be
entirely surgically removed because doing so would damage critical organs or
tissues. In this case, debulking surgery is performed to remove as much of the
tumor as is safely possible. Similarly, palliative surgery is performed in the
cases of advanced cancer to reduce the effects (for example, pain or
discomfort) of a cancerous tumor. Debulking and palliative surgeries are not
curative, but they seek to minimize the effects of the cancer.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Reconstructive surgery can be
performed to restore the look or function of part of the body after cancer
surgery. Breast reconstruction after a mastectomy is an example of this kind of
surgery.</span><br />
<br />
<ul>
<li><h3>
<span style="color: yellow;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Radiation Therapy</span></span></h3>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Radiation is a very common cancer
treatment. About 50% of all cancer patients will receive radiation treatment,
which may be delivered before, during, or after surgery </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgwOTGHXagHGDl0uXGhQWAaFR_Y2e-numCWirb2P0vjM4tZ3zTqKkySiBm3jH97Es31V0jRAPNwD0XtRiTkt8EJURTE_Lq82Ijx6ooNQiJTEfcArIyZ-5-9MYtuSO45nLe3ot8FiE5lPs/s1600/cancer-101-s13-radiation.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgwOTGHXagHGDl0uXGhQWAaFR_Y2e-numCWirb2P0vjM4tZ3zTqKkySiBm3jH97Es31V0jRAPNwD0XtRiTkt8EJURTE_Lq82Ijx6ooNQiJTEfcArIyZ-5-9MYtuSO45nLe3ot8FiE5lPs/s200/cancer-101-s13-radiation.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
and/or chemotherapy.
Radiation can be delivered externally -- where X-rays, gamma rays, or other
high-energy particles are delivered to the affected area from outside the body
-- or it can be delivered internally. Internal radiation therapy involves the
placement of radioactive material inside the body near cancer cells. This is
called brachytherapy.<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Systemic radiation involves the
administration of radioactive medication by mouth or intravenously. The
radioactive material travels directly to the cancerous tissue. Radioactive
iodine (I-131 for thyroid cancer) and strontium-89 (for bone cancer) are two
examples of systemic radiation treatments.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Typically, external radiation is
delivered 5 days a week over the course of 5 to 8 weeks. Other treatment
regimens are sometimes used.</span><br />
<br />
<ul>
<li><h3>
<span style="color: yellow;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Chemotherapy Procedure</span></span></h3>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Chemotherapy, or
"chemo," refers to more than 100 different medications used to treat
cancer and other conditions. If eliminating all cancer cells is not possible,
the goals of treatment may be to slow the growth of the cancer, keep the cancer
from spreading, </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcGH5A6FtS0bHUjNKqBPKcqOLc8lCenoYK7wechz7-i7cDidYpQcXiXd9kGP8QeqjHafGfWwF_qXB65m8fiVxnvyz_zINAAQiknmCbTIPRh8r37a2HT9txgavCfQ20Bsry__YAHd1k1cc/s1600/cancer-101-s14-chemotherapy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcGH5A6FtS0bHUjNKqBPKcqOLc8lCenoYK7wechz7-i7cDidYpQcXiXd9kGP8QeqjHafGfWwF_qXB65m8fiVxnvyz_zINAAQiknmCbTIPRh8r37a2HT9txgavCfQ20Bsry__YAHd1k1cc/s200/cancer-101-s14-chemotherapy.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
and/or relieve cancer-associated symptoms (such as pain).<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Depending on the type of
chemotherapy prescribed, the medications may be given by mouth, injection,
intravenously (IV), or topically. IV chemotherapy may be delivered via a
catheter or port, which is usually implanted in a blood vessel of the chest for
the duration of the therapy. Sometimes chemotherapy is delivered regionally,
directly to the area that needs treatment. For example, intravesical therapy is
used to infuse chemotherapy directly into the bladder for the treatment of bladder
cancer.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">The chemotherapy regimen a patient
receives depends upon the type and stage of the cancer, any prior cancer
treatment, and the overall health of the patient. Chemotherapy is usually
administered in cycles over the course of days, weeks, or months, with rest
periods in between.</span><br />
<br />
<h3>
<i><span style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Other Treatments</span></span></i></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">In addition to surgery, radiation,
and chemotherapy, other therapies are used to treat cancer. These include:</span><br />
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<ul>
<li><h4>
<span style="color: yellow;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Targeted or Biological Therapies</span></span></h4>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Targeted or biological therapies
seek to treat cancer and boost the body's immune system while minimizing damage
to normal, healthy cells. Monoclonal antibodies, immunomodulating drugs,
vaccines, and cytokines are examples of targeted or biological therapies.</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<ul>
<li><h4>
<span style="color: yellow;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Hematopoietic Stem Cell
Transplants</span></span></h4>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Hematopoietic stem cell
transplants involve the infusion of stem cells into a cancer patient after the
bone marrow has been destroyed by high-dose chemo and/or radiation.</span><br />
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<ul>
<li><h4>
<span style="color: yellow;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Angiogenesis Inhibitors</span></span></h4>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Angiogenesis inhibitors are
medications that inhibit the growth of new blood vessels that cancerous tumors
need in order to grow.</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<ul>
<li><h4>
<span style="color: yellow;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Cryosurgery</span></span></h4>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Cryosurgery involves the
application of extreme cold to kill precancerous and cancerous cells.</span><br />
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<br /></div>
<ul>
<li><h4>
<span style="color: yellow;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Photodynamic Therapy</span></span></h4>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Photodynamic therapy (PDT)
involves the application of laser energy of a specific wavelength to tissue
that has been treated with a photosensitizing agent, a medication that makes
cancerous tissue susceptible to destruction with laser treatment. Photodynamic
therapy selectively destroys cancer cells while minimizing the damage to
normal, healthy tissues nearby.</span><br />
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h4>
<i><span style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Ongoing Research</span></span></i></h4>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_c9dEqyRsNsiRqhGRXJqzuephiwoZ0rJURnWRQaRK9Yp_i0ihF1i6FteEWGPGCPu9oIRHjwUWNqFnsFeAqORNZeP5R9nb5FiAUA40NauyLjQCP3PFeSP5442QTcsDgGC09SI-zbzhYlY/s1600/cancer-101-s15-other-treatments-research.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_c9dEqyRsNsiRqhGRXJqzuephiwoZ0rJURnWRQaRK9Yp_i0ihF1i6FteEWGPGCPu9oIRHjwUWNqFnsFeAqORNZeP5R9nb5FiAUA40NauyLjQCP3PFeSP5442QTcsDgGC09SI-zbzhYlY/s200/cancer-101-s15-other-treatments-research.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Ongoing cancer research continues
to identify newer, less toxic, and more effective cancer treatments. Visit the
National Cancer Institute (NCI) to see a list of ongoing clinical trials.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> <span style="color: orange;"><i>PET-CT (</i></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="color: orange;"><i><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Positron Emission Tomography and Computed
Tomography)</span> Scan :</i></span></span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="color: orange;"><i><br /></i></span></span></h3>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dyVipgFImqNiAdTtwgOMuSVJ3WyzsMPwkEndxPW-9p7tYoc03Bdp0ue28WM9jusz4Bejwh7G8acfAHXt_R2XQ' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="color: orange;"><i> </i></span></span></h3>
Erwinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12982580847034408349noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7218369765904264317.post-43943251012346531592017-01-04T14:23:00.000+07:002017-01-04T14:23:35.525+07:00Bone Metastasis<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Bone metastasis
happens in people who have cancer that forms in another part of the body.
Cancer cells from that area break away and travel through the bloodstream and
lymphatic system. When the cancer spreads to distant body organs, this is
called metastasis. Common sites of metastasis include bones, the lungs, and the
liver.</span>
<br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"> </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Risk Factors</span></i></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Any type of cancer can raise the
risk for bone metastasis. Although your doctor can't tell for sure if cancer
will spread, certain types of cancer are more likely to spread to bone. These
include cancers of the breast, lungs, thyroid, prostate, and kidneys. Larger
tumors that have spread to the lymph nodes are also more likely to spread to
the bones.</span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"> </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Where Bone Metastases Form</span></i></span></h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIhFFqSyZCzEGX4rSTn_pEpRjPYNfg8pR7dWh_Baf_26SCo8nprNCbzbQxtgZqkV-T3UIDprlfvcpz3HLa2yGsQewYzVo9aU1-Divcm5pCE4MnPzOX6bS9Q9PysAKmjFe5u8EM8OuHER8/s1600/princ_rm_illustraton_of_pet_scan_of_bone_metastasis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIhFFqSyZCzEGX4rSTn_pEpRjPYNfg8pR7dWh_Baf_26SCo8nprNCbzbQxtgZqkV-T3UIDprlfvcpz3HLa2yGsQewYzVo9aU1-Divcm5pCE4MnPzOX6bS9Q9PysAKmjFe5u8EM8OuHER8/s200/princ_rm_illustraton_of_pet_scan_of_bone_metastasis.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">A bone metastasis can grow in any
bone. But cancer most commonly spreads to the bones that are close to the
center of the body. The spine is the most common place for a bone metastasis to
form. Other common areas for bone metastases include the thigh bone, upper arm
bone, ribs, hips, and skull.</span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"> </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"> </span></i></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Symptoms</span></i></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Bone pain is often the first
symptom of a bone metastasis. At first, the pain may come and go. It is often
worse at night but feels better when you move. Over time, the pain may feel
worse with movement and become more constant.</span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"> </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Cord Compression</span></i></span></h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5ldjuFrUTMSLHxpWb5jdh1IoJF81WLqb6iVhSKSJuMWN6BUzPMr61x_kmfeoD_8_AAV3_CAzBhPWBZbBihemyvPsKOx6W_ybpp1WPYkukiPE13-5XJDdhMCGj2yZm9aHXrIrrYTwwB28/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_spinal_cord_compression.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5ldjuFrUTMSLHxpWb5jdh1IoJF81WLqb6iVhSKSJuMWN6BUzPMr61x_kmfeoD_8_AAV3_CAzBhPWBZbBihemyvPsKOx6W_ybpp1WPYkukiPE13-5XJDdhMCGj2yZm9aHXrIrrYTwwB28/s200/princ_rm_photo_of_spinal_cord_compression.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Cancer growing in the spine can
put pressure on the spinal cord. This can affect the nerves, causing loss of
mobility, muscle weakness, numbness, and trouble urinating. Cord compression is
a medical emergency because it can lead to paralysis. Treatments include
steroid injections, radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery. Physical therapy may
be needed to help regain muscle tone.</span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"> </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">How Metastasis Affects the Bones</span></i></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Bone metastasis often damages
bones by making them weaker. Over time, this can cause them to break, even
during routine activities like coughing or sitting down in a chair. At other
times, bone metastasis can cause bone to become harder, though it may still
break. In some cases, bone metastases can have both types of features.</span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"> </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Imaging Tests </span></i></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Your doctor may order imaging
tests to see if the cancer has spread to the bones, even if you haven't noticed
any symptoms. These tests look at the inside of the body. X-rays may help find
areas of bone metastases and confirm if a bone is broken. A bone scan can often
find metastases earlier than an X-ray, and can check the whole body at once. CT
scans, MRI scans, and PET scans also can show cancer that has spread.</span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"> </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Lab Tests </span></i></span></h3>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinWIC3dhHdVGA0vP3x-Y1HHXganpcc-W44DwMjqeA-4CovqjNWAjgk9UOW0PNIn-xOD7h556MyHd2uajNkOGlZRLfNdsJadVe4YETHADFAJOdlgeAx1F-Da_J0f46R6eNHwYtqQGAkYNI/s1600/getty_rf_photo_of_blood_samples_sitting_in_lab_for_metastasis_testing.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinWIC3dhHdVGA0vP3x-Y1HHXganpcc-W44DwMjqeA-4CovqjNWAjgk9UOW0PNIn-xOD7h556MyHd2uajNkOGlZRLfNdsJadVe4YETHADFAJOdlgeAx1F-Da_J0f46R6eNHwYtqQGAkYNI/s200/getty_rf_photo_of_blood_samples_sitting_in_lab_for_metastasis_testing.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">As bone metastases damage bone,
calcium is often released from the bone into the bloodstream. High calcium
levels can be a serious problem and can lead to nausea, constipation,
dehydration, and even coma. Your doctor may send a tissue sample from the bone
to a lab to confirm bone metastases.</span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"> </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"> </span></i></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Treating the Primary Cancer</span></i></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Chemotherapy and hormone therapy
target the main cancer. Taken by mouth or injection, they attack any cancer
cells in the body. These treatments, called systemic because they affect the
whole body, can cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, fatigue, hair
loss, and increased risk of infection.</span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"> </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"> </span></i></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Bisphosphonates</span></i></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Bisphosphonates are a class of
drugs that treats weak bones. They can be used to treat osteoporosis, a
condition in which the bones get thin and weak. In certain cancer patients,
bisphosphonates may help curb bone pain, reduce bone damage, lower elevated
calcium levels, and decrease the risk for broken bones. Side effects include
fatigue, nausea, vomiting, anemia, and bone or joint pain. A serious but rare
side effect is jawbone death.</span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"> </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Treating Just the Bones</span></i></span></h3>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZi4jy_oF_EbM8gbFyROGBBE-f4qbdHthhkIxZmZMxHg3NOfMlcvJ-63Di1dZiOpLE9AL89cvOuvKp6v8tZiuCBam4g71HPaUFAVBv-l0YZ1zjMn8U4wQ6DZrC4UpS6VzTYXGR9LCjo2M/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_man_receiving_radiation.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZi4jy_oF_EbM8gbFyROGBBE-f4qbdHthhkIxZmZMxHg3NOfMlcvJ-63Di1dZiOpLE9AL89cvOuvKp6v8tZiuCBam4g71HPaUFAVBv-l0YZ1zjMn8U4wQ6DZrC4UpS6VzTYXGR9LCjo2M/s200/princ_rm_photo_of_man_receiving_radiation.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Local treatments focus on just the
bone or bones where the cancer has spread. They work by destroying the tumor or
slowing down the growth of the cancer cells. External beam radiation uses
high-powered energy rays to kill cancer cells. It is similar to an X-ray, but
much stronger. Ablation is another local treatment that destroys tumors with
cold, heat, electric currents, or alcohol. Ultrasound may also be used to
destroy nerve endings in the bone around the tumor. Another local treatment
involves injecting bone cement to help stabilize the area.</span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"> </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Surgery</span></i></span></h3>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-M5OtWmvtzPlCFdCJA-3S3y9GdCNNAjU9mMQd2PLTeaUBAlCgCpvWkVhzLZqdZdHZdmeEbXOTiIBjFos0GzeKszO3JvN-3VZUsQbCpevByBHcLadWEDuYS4EaZK5rS2zgWsV0IrfuO_4/s1600/getty_rm_photo_of_surgeon_stabilizing_weakened_bone.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-M5OtWmvtzPlCFdCJA-3S3y9GdCNNAjU9mMQd2PLTeaUBAlCgCpvWkVhzLZqdZdHZdmeEbXOTiIBjFos0GzeKszO3JvN-3VZUsQbCpevByBHcLadWEDuYS4EaZK5rS2zgWsV0IrfuO_4/s200/getty_rm_photo_of_surgeon_stabilizing_weakened_bone.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Surgery is often used as a
treatment to help stabilize weakened bone that may be at risk for breakage.
Your doctor may insert rods, screws, pins, or plates to help stabilize a bone
and keep it from breaking. Surgery is also used to repair broken bones. But
broken bones due to cancer often don't heal well. Your doctor may focus on
trying to prevent bones from breaking in the first place.</span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"> </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Pain Management</span></i></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">In many cases, treatments for bone
metastasis will also help relieve bone pain. But if pain persists, your doctor
may suggest over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen,
or naproxen. If these medications don't bring relief, your doctor may prescribe
a stronger pain reliever, such as codeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, or morphine.</span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"> </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">After Treatment</span></i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiC8oiF_X2KXfbOSGQPtvSQaBWZWd0GKXXtWgM3rSEbk_gNjLvVGVdj4jEtrtpZ4Vy6kI2cimILCduNjt8laa8yO125bCGQPB7MjeM4WTY4yE2lEP1tqHR25oNpcxBPRR3pGbJ0GDY0Qyg/s1600/getty_rm_photo_of_doctor_discussing_treatment_options_with_patients.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiC8oiF_X2KXfbOSGQPtvSQaBWZWd0GKXXtWgM3rSEbk_gNjLvVGVdj4jEtrtpZ4Vy6kI2cimILCduNjt8laa8yO125bCGQPB7MjeM4WTY4yE2lEP1tqHR25oNpcxBPRR3pGbJ0GDY0Qyg/s200/getty_rm_photo_of_doctor_discussing_treatment_options_with_patients.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Bone metastases aren't usually
curable, but treatments may be able to shrink them and relieve symptoms. Talk
to your health care provider about any new symptoms or side effects you've
noticed. You may have a quicker recovery if you take an active role in your
health -- by asking questions, learning more about your condition and its
treatments, and taking care of yourself. Talk to your doctor about other
treatment options that may be right for you.</span><br />
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Erwinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12982580847034408349noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7218369765904264317.post-37156691507318220352017-01-01T20:37:00.001+07:002017-01-01T20:37:45.612+07:00Skin Cancer<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span>Common Skin Cancer Symptoms and Causes</span></span></span></b></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span>Sunlight contains
ultraviolet light that is harmful to human skin cells. These energetic light
waves can produce mutations in the DNA of skin cells, which in turn can lead to
skin cancer. In areas close to the equator, the incidence of cutaneous cancers is
dramatically higher due to the increase in sun exposure. </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span>The most obvious skin
cancer warning sign is the development of a persistent bump or spot in an area
of sun-damaged skin. These spots are likely to bleed with minimal trauma and
produce a superficial erosion.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b><span>Ultraviolet Light and Skin Cancer</span></b></span></span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span>Ultraviolet rays are
classified by three types: UVA, UVB, and UVC. UVC is very dangerous, but it
does not reach the earth’s surface due to the ozone layer. Exposure to both UVA
and UVB radiation poses potential skin cancer risks.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="color: #cfe2f3;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b><span>UVA Radiation</span></b></span></span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span>UVA light is the most
abundant source of solar radiation. Scientists think it can penetrate the top
layer of skin, potentially damaging connective tissue and causing skin cancer.
An estimated 50% of UVA exposure occurs in the shade. Light skin is far more
vulnerable to UVA radiation: while dark skin allows only 17.5% of UVA to
penetrate, light skin allows 55% of UVA light to pass through.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="color: #cfe2f3;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b><span>UVB Radiation</span></b></span></span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span>Sunburns are mostly
caused by UVB radiation. Because of the ozone layer, UVB light accounts for
only about 5% of the light that reaches the earth’s surface. UVB light can be
filtered out by glass windows and does not penetrate as far into the skin as
UVA, but it can still cause some forms of skin cancer. UVB is absorbed directly
by DNA. Dark skin is twice as effective as light skin at protecting against UVB
penetration.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b><span>How Skin Cancer Develops</span></b></span></span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span>UV light causes skin
cancer by damaging the skin’s cellular DNA. That damage is caused by free
radicals, which are hyperactive molecules found in UV light. Free radicals
cause damage to the DNA double helix, changing the way cells replicate and
naturally die, which is how cancer develops. In addition to sun exposure, free
radicals are also found in environmental pollutants, cigarette smoke, alcohol,
and other toxins. </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<h3 style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span>·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: orange;"><i><b>
</b></i></span></span></span></span><span style="color: orange;"><i>Actinic
Keratosis (Solar Keratosis)</i></span></span></span></h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBuZk5g033VK2Kt4tlDei7msjJKtMQuiSpCrdDnltF8CNr72JoAOfbFBLklJbeV0XuwDVKD5oQtkvas99YYLxzGxZU3GKLlB-hkNXQJf1r_FvkPW8DA6pv86kDNF9krju5Wd1JWWN9T_U/s1600/skin_cancer_s2_actinic_keratosis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBuZk5g033VK2Kt4tlDei7msjJKtMQuiSpCrdDnltF8CNr72JoAOfbFBLklJbeV0XuwDVKD5oQtkvas99YYLxzGxZU3GKLlB-hkNXQJf1r_FvkPW8DA6pv86kDNF9krju5Wd1JWWN9T_U/s200/skin_cancer_s2_actinic_keratosis.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Actinic keratoses are
scaling, horny, red, tender bumps present in sun-exposed areas. They are
essentially very thin skin cancers that have not yet penetrated into deeper
tissues. Large areas of skin thus exposed over years can result in what has
recently been called a cancerization field defect. Continued exposure to
ultraviolet light will likely induce invasive malignancies. Prevention and
treatment of this condition which is most common in less-pigmented people is a
significant part of medical skin care.</span></span><br />
<br />
<h3 style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span>·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="color: orange;"><i>Actinic
Cheilitis (Farmer's Lip)</i></span></span></span></h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb_ZThcuhRKEwlKSTFP8RIGUF4patxJlV_7y_KK3abfbhdiqhZA8-qz0sysQf5gh4v_7Cz3PvZFc35g8GmXHyo2yXNvHimIWnsUrPXwCNNiPZI42YBW5ZyKnaeARo2ZQqbT5PkA5x0FIk/s1600/skin_cancer_s3_actinic_cheilitis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb_ZThcuhRKEwlKSTFP8RIGUF4patxJlV_7y_KK3abfbhdiqhZA8-qz0sysQf5gh4v_7Cz3PvZFc35g8GmXHyo2yXNvHimIWnsUrPXwCNNiPZI42YBW5ZyKnaeARo2ZQqbT5PkA5x0FIk/s200/skin_cancer_s3_actinic_cheilitis.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Actinic cheilitis is simply
actinic keratoses affecting the mucous membranes of the lips (vermillion
border). This condition usually involves the lower lip simply because of the
angle of incidence at which the overhead light waves hit the face. The
forehead, cheeks, nose, and lower lip receive light waves perpendicularly and
are not shaded by anatomical structures like the brows.</span></span><br />
<br />
<h3 style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span>·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="color: orange;"><i>Cutaneous
Horns</i></span></span></span></h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7MvAIT4hjGyYRgShVn6Do3v8MS2gF7DPh4ICKPpbVBLqPBLvIbjFi8I1cQQKDQ5yDPb9iHDxnyMsq8ElMSLczvqWEW-qhNPnC8l5aI9taOmRrKi8ivOg10TPwEuDsThHqc4kstMndvoY/s1600/skin_cancer_s4_cutaneous_horn.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7MvAIT4hjGyYRgShVn6Do3v8MS2gF7DPh4ICKPpbVBLqPBLvIbjFi8I1cQQKDQ5yDPb9iHDxnyMsq8ElMSLczvqWEW-qhNPnC8l5aI9taOmRrKi8ivOg10TPwEuDsThHqc4kstMndvoY/s200/skin_cancer_s4_cutaneous_horn.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">A cutaneous horn is a mass
of dead skin cells. Essentially they have a lot in common with hair and nails
since these are also composed of dead skin cells. The base which generates the
horn can be an actinic keratosis, a squamous cell carcinoma, or a benign keratosis.
The only way to differentiate between the three is by performing a surgical
procedure called a biopsy and having it examined in a laboratory by a
pathologist.</span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b><span>Identifying Cancerous Moles</span></b></span></span></i></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span>The word "mole"
is probably derived from a German word meaning spot. In the context of skin, a
mole is a long-lasting skin spot that is a little darker than a freckle. Since
there are a variety of benign and malignant skin growths which fulfill this
description, more precision is necessary. The number of moles present on a
particular person is most closely related to skin color and the extent of
exposure to sunlight during childhood. The average number of moles is about 35
per person in Northern European populations.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span>·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: orange;"><i><b>
</b></i></span></span></span><span style="color: orange;"><i><b><span>Melanocytic Nevus</span></b></i></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDyloYJ6wmciyKZzEUFl68wxIKR1ySOg8nhoLVjvUTbYdpan52IwTtBohRWav6LcU1o_E8-LFw8LiNBdPRXvj_-m0qH1KQawot6oCb3Oogk1uSnrqNEUuDcNor6uaaJ6EEMGoqGeARvQU/s1600/skin_cancer_s5_mole.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDyloYJ6wmciyKZzEUFl68wxIKR1ySOg8nhoLVjvUTbYdpan52IwTtBohRWav6LcU1o_E8-LFw8LiNBdPRXvj_-m0qH1KQawot6oCb3Oogk1uSnrqNEUuDcNor6uaaJ6EEMGoqGeARvQU/s200/skin_cancer_s5_mole.jpg" width="200" /></a>Moles that are
melanocytic nevi (nevus singular) are local growths of melanocytes which can be
present at birth or may develop after birth well into the third decade. They
vary in color from black to flesh-colored. A melanocytic nevus can develop into
melanoma, particularly if the nevus is large. The risk of a congenital
melanocytic nevus developing into melanoma is greater for children under 10,
which account for 70% of all cases.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<h3 style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span>·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="color: orange;"><i>Atypical
Moles</i></span></span></span></h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJVuAYQSyQ15VUVlUOaDQKoDxzGmxQHzDiFonvqKE4omtMAx9jeqV7kT532qHhBk4b97cTg_qTS98pJZd9XvWbsgrxBpbR9m2w4V1A1h05tNxly4jLHkpAXRqk9SpxmSVJ0RGfaUOhlVY/s1600/skin_cancer_s6_atypical_mole.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJVuAYQSyQ15VUVlUOaDQKoDxzGmxQHzDiFonvqKE4omtMAx9jeqV7kT532qHhBk4b97cTg_qTS98pJZd9XvWbsgrxBpbR9m2w4V1A1h05tNxly4jLHkpAXRqk9SpxmSVJ0RGfaUOhlVY/s200/skin_cancer_s6_atypical_mole.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">When a physician examines a
particular spot or mole it can appear either ordinary or peculiar. Most of
these atypical nevi -- when examined under the microscope -- are not cancer; it
seems to be the new lesions that develop in adulthood that are the ones that
are most likely to be malignant melanomas. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">The term dysplastic refers
to changes noted in moles that can only be appreciated on microscopic
examination. This term should only be used when describing the microscopic
appearance of a nevus or other tissue. Most atypical nevi exhibit some degree
of dysplasia under the microscope.</span></span><br />
<br />
<h3>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">ABCDEs of Melanoma</span></span></i></span></h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjedvP15NGG7JrcCbe30FB8_EO-xlXRx6YJuwFeQ24WouqP7UGwgJd7SDG7IjcZ4RVP1X6I3kQ79vbSWKyZK6vpJphtMFkUJ9bpsdP6zSXqrfzfqX5HHwbgMec2H4zG74NGas5FlFdfzeI/s1600/skin_cancer_s7_examine_your_moles.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjedvP15NGG7JrcCbe30FB8_EO-xlXRx6YJuwFeQ24WouqP7UGwgJd7SDG7IjcZ4RVP1X6I3kQ79vbSWKyZK6vpJphtMFkUJ9bpsdP6zSXqrfzfqX5HHwbgMec2H4zG74NGas5FlFdfzeI/s200/skin_cancer_s7_examine_your_moles.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">In an attempt to systemize
nevus description physicians use a variety of adjectives to describe visible
alterations. To simplify things, benign lesions are almost always uniform in
color, circular in shape, and exhibit bilateral symmetry about any axis drawn
through its diameter. Malignant melanomas diverge from this appearance to a
greater or lesser extent. To help one remember the criteria, they have been
called the ABCDEs (mnemonic) of nevus description. Another valuable
consideration is the so-called "ugly duckling" nevus which appears
significantly different than all the other skin spots on the patient.</span></span><br />
<br />
<h4>
<i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="color: yellow;">Melanoma Symptoms</span>: </span></span></i></h4>
<h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">>> <span style="color: #cfe2f3;"><i>'A' Is for
Asymmetry</i></span></span></span></h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFB0eo58kpWmFqVBoJRqy-fIeoo66qGA3vdy9LoVMKB00-X4xJlVLo8SDMq48OfY-dEiSOmDinzFeH6j3Irmasg-RCN7N8_ij6spt9stCcAM5wP3sK0fC1C0MfxKTND_R5EnoyOKhZNv0/s1600/skin_cancer_s8_check_asymmetry.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFB0eo58kpWmFqVBoJRqy-fIeoo66qGA3vdy9LoVMKB00-X4xJlVLo8SDMq48OfY-dEiSOmDinzFeH6j3Irmasg-RCN7N8_ij6spt9stCcAM5wP3sK0fC1C0MfxKTND_R5EnoyOKhZNv0/s200/skin_cancer_s8_check_asymmetry.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Asymmetry refers to the
degree of similarity when one compares the appearance of each of four quadrants
produced by an imaginary cross through the middle of a melanocytic nevus.</span></span><br />
<br />
<h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">>> <span style="color: #cfe2f3;"><i>'B' Is for Border
</i></span></span></span></h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOIFdeOD_ygpHS0y8bTl7H-urkFuAC1pZXLyqgDrYcq8yufWJ3MeeM-_JW_qksIU7cHm1HNoyZmgywmCfs80EKSWxPKTtaPX4fs_AFnEGK-BSvu_bUbuhrOjGzy-ShqozlTk1sJmlsyGM/s1600/skin_cancer_s9_irregular_moles.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOIFdeOD_ygpHS0y8bTl7H-urkFuAC1pZXLyqgDrYcq8yufWJ3MeeM-_JW_qksIU7cHm1HNoyZmgywmCfs80EKSWxPKTtaPX4fs_AFnEGK-BSvu_bUbuhrOjGzy-ShqozlTk1sJmlsyGM/s200/skin_cancer_s9_irregular_moles.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Border refers to degree of
circular regularity of the edge of a pigmented lesion. Perfectly circular
lesions are rarely malignant.</span></span><br />
<br />
<h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">>><span style="color: #cfe2f3;"><i> 'C' Is for Color</i></span></span></span></h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFWbb9dUBro2mIUcZl8Dr3D48GSQapZF2-N2ufJQ_-7M6Z1KKWM_GSeHt-HYLp8swuyGeuBaQcS445qXFBo3Xast6j0lG8QGWiK7dOW6pJwA7YQY65frJyRFfEuRixkamQKDmIgHW_Lts/s1600/skin_cancer_s10_suspicious_moles.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFWbb9dUBro2mIUcZl8Dr3D48GSQapZF2-N2ufJQ_-7M6Z1KKWM_GSeHt-HYLp8swuyGeuBaQcS445qXFBo3Xast6j0lG8QGWiK7dOW6pJwA7YQY65frJyRFfEuRixkamQKDmIgHW_Lts/s200/skin_cancer_s10_suspicious_moles.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Color: The degree of
uniformity of color is a measure of atypicality. The more colors present the
more likely the lesion is to be malignant.</span></span><br />
<br />
<h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">>> <span style="color: #cfe2f3;"><i>'D' Is for
Diameter</i></span></span></span></h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWj0PBkkELwO8KbdNxQPxpkrzCK49_8BsHWsuLc6j5EaQSfUjP-feuz92vAhBKDdsCrmG6jhCE-VyhD54_sG_4UOrteyR9EjccbKOe_KtfI0PTsH9bd5nq0SjO7GCIXwhT7pgtKV84vqc/s1600/skin_cancer_s11_diameter_of_moles.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWj0PBkkELwO8KbdNxQPxpkrzCK49_8BsHWsuLc6j5EaQSfUjP-feuz92vAhBKDdsCrmG6jhCE-VyhD54_sG_4UOrteyR9EjccbKOe_KtfI0PTsH9bd5nq0SjO7GCIXwhT7pgtKV84vqc/s200/skin_cancer_s11_diameter_of_moles.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Diameter: Although
malignant pigmented lesions tend to be larger than a pencil eraser this is one
of the less reliable criteria for distinguishing melanomas. </span></span><br />
<br />
<h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">>> <span style="color: #cfe2f3;"><i>'E' Is for
Evolving</i></span></span></span></h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHWNGhpoySW_MYE7-Gf9NspYWo6efaayASrDZF4qlWECeGy4xLKhRqx0t0Sp_VMBqfcCKUS8iwpwyxnS0zifHQvi7M37hr8zW8_aqCUPVVEkgsD9Y0yRJrgGn8OZVj3eiXsEs9318ySqk/s1600/skin_cancer_s12_elevation_of_moles.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHWNGhpoySW_MYE7-Gf9NspYWo6efaayASrDZF4qlWECeGy4xLKhRqx0t0Sp_VMBqfcCKUS8iwpwyxnS0zifHQvi7M37hr8zW8_aqCUPVVEkgsD9Y0yRJrgGn8OZVj3eiXsEs9318ySqk/s200/skin_cancer_s12_elevation_of_moles.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Evolving: Malignancies by
their very nature tend to change over time -- mostly by increasing in size --
as opposed to benign lesions that are stable. Since cancers grow in an uncontrolled
way they tend to produce asymmetrical lesions.</span></span><br />
<br />
<h3>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></span></i></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></span></i></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></span></i></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Screening for Cancerous
Moles</span></span></i></span></h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">If a mole looks or acts at
all peculiarly it is best to have it evaluated by an expert. This frequently is
a dermatologist. Most dermatologists can tell if the pigmented lesion is
composed of melanocytes or is something quite different with no possibility of
being a melanoma. Many dermatologists now use a hand-held magnifying device
which produces polarized light to evaluate colored melanocytic tumors. The use
of this instrument improves the doctor's ability to identify suspicious
lesions.</span></span><br />
<br />
<h3>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Evaluating Potentially
Cancerous Moles</span></span></i></span></h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_jNLJw1n-kmD9-uTwTqa695_t1N_ntsexN3H5hI0j554VdURYmedCMxj2-xPclLax36ge1kx-TkNUqHONR9YZ6OFKUnwSyIaizmrZ4FyCLkDwhqtOcYMgLxdkV8lLOQlijwIB0DmbUFs/s1600/skin_cancer_s14_evaluated_moles.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_jNLJw1n-kmD9-uTwTqa695_t1N_ntsexN3H5hI0j554VdURYmedCMxj2-xPclLax36ge1kx-TkNUqHONR9YZ6OFKUnwSyIaizmrZ4FyCLkDwhqtOcYMgLxdkV8lLOQlijwIB0DmbUFs/s200/skin_cancer_s14_evaluated_moles.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">The decision on which mole
needs to be examined depends on the concern the doctor has that it may be
cancerous. Since the procedure necessary to take off the suspicious bump is
simple, requiring only local anesthesia and rarely is associated with
complications, the threshold for this procedure is appropriately low. If the
lesion is melanocytic in origin and it appears at all peculiar, exhibiting any
of the features addressed in the ABCDE criteria and/or the patient complains
that the bump bleeds or is irritated or itchy, that is often enough to trigger
a biopsy.</span></span><br />
<br />
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="color: orange;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b><span>Malignant Melanoma</span></b></span></span></i></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span>Malignant melanoma is the
most deadly form of skin cancer because it tends to spread at a very early
stage to other parts of the body. The likelihood that it has spread is most
directly related to the thickness of the melanoma as measured from its surface
to its depth by a pathologist. This information is communicated to the doctor
that submitted the nevus and subsequent treatment depends on this information.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b><span>Melanoma Symptoms</span></b></span></span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span>In addition to the ABCDEs
of melanoma, there are other melanoma symptoms that may include: </span></span></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span>A sore that will not heal</span></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span>Pigment that spreads from the border of a spot
into the surrounding skin</span></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span>Redness or swelling around a skin spot</span></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span>A spot that becomes itchy, tender, or painful</span></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span>Scaliness, bleeding, or oozing from the surface
of a mole </span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">How Melanoma Cancer
Develops</span></span></i></span></h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0yXtcjk-rxfDPWl-gZ3G3r0j3iAyDDhkbk_vKBvdb7GKqEGczROquCO3BK-Wtxdx6XBOm2BY0tykS7GVsZ8ZuH0s_-uq8N8VXsg26FvFAD069g_uOwJetM21p9p0IPWmyt1EJDskpC34/s1600/skin_cancer_s16_melanoma_appearance.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0yXtcjk-rxfDPWl-gZ3G3r0j3iAyDDhkbk_vKBvdb7GKqEGczROquCO3BK-Wtxdx6XBOm2BY0tykS7GVsZ8ZuH0s_-uq8N8VXsg26FvFAD069g_uOwJetM21p9p0IPWmyt1EJDskpC34/s200/skin_cancer_s16_melanoma_appearance.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Although it is possible for
a previously benign mole to become malignant, most of the time a melanoma
cancer begins as a single malignant cell in previously normal skin and then
continues to grow in an uncontrolled manner.</span></span><br />
<br />
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></span></i></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></span></i></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></span></i></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Squamous Cell Carcinoma</span></span></i></span></h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEvwTl7rBOGvlfJkOZXeWkpIhX1ICiUBi_cnwlP2teOTVHTCMayNwaCW8f9rM6qZm-opUrLK1yyi9Ws_TWl0uH0-qOmcsXuA4Y1QG5SdlnLeyKgf3G-MtGu32anaDrQHYIcgDgBa7M8Pg/s1600/skin_cancer_s17_squamous_cell_carcinoma.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEvwTl7rBOGvlfJkOZXeWkpIhX1ICiUBi_cnwlP2teOTVHTCMayNwaCW8f9rM6qZm-opUrLK1yyi9Ws_TWl0uH0-qOmcsXuA4Y1QG5SdlnLeyKgf3G-MtGu32anaDrQHYIcgDgBa7M8Pg/s200/skin_cancer_s17_squamous_cell_carcinoma.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Squamous cell carcinomas
begin as malignancies of living epidermal cells which grow and invade into the
deeper layers of the skin. They usually begin as an actinic keratosis and
progress over many years. Although most actinic keratoses do not eventuate into
squamous cell cancers, if one has a great many of them and they continue to
receive sufficient ultraviolet irradiation producing sufficient mutational
events, it is extremely likely that a squamous cell carcinoma will develop.
They appear as thick, keratotic bumps on sun-exposed skin which continue to
enlarge. They do not commonly spread to distant sites, but larger lesions can
do this.</span></span><br />
<br />
<h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="color: orange;"><i>Bowen Disease</i></span>: Is it
Cancer?</span></span></h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgakOiuug_vDdJkx_UAAZDCacS4Q1mrWSb-ohcHySe648RsxhDvb6sw49jGSsblII82EsMCSpHRqZujWAb09th8VfKsuOV7KdZYk3x0IpmttlaArcmUwOY_7QIXBXUfZBLYkThcP_Ls88c/s1600/skin_cancer_s18_bowen_disease.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgakOiuug_vDdJkx_UAAZDCacS4Q1mrWSb-ohcHySe648RsxhDvb6sw49jGSsblII82EsMCSpHRqZujWAb09th8VfKsuOV7KdZYk3x0IpmttlaArcmUwOY_7QIXBXUfZBLYkThcP_Ls88c/s200/skin_cancer_s18_bowen_disease.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">So called "Bowen's
disease" lesions are simply squamous cell carcinomas that have not as yet
penetrated into the deeper layers of the skin. They involve the entire
thickness of the most superficial living layer of the epidermis as opposed to
actinic keratoses which involve the upper half of the epidermis. They seem to
be a stage in the progression of an actinic keratosis to an invasive squamous
cell carcinoma. As such it is cancer. Bowen disease is easily curable by
cryotherapy, curettage with cautery and other methods.</span></span><br />
<br />
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Basal Cell Carcinoma</span></span></i></span></h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijnrZdaGeJIWe81wnXNSNQdqrHwoOyhhak69yDengBS1APHpVVQCHROFu6PiWkOMd_Wb71Mh0uHtzG1lS0Irmt54CT-uO1dkBYof63PbcYfa0amT8uSWGPq5qrbhJ2ps54BwbuXiEKOk8/s1600/skin_cancer_s19_basal_cell_carcinoma.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijnrZdaGeJIWe81wnXNSNQdqrHwoOyhhak69yDengBS1APHpVVQCHROFu6PiWkOMd_Wb71Mh0uHtzG1lS0Irmt54CT-uO1dkBYof63PbcYfa0amT8uSWGPq5qrbhJ2ps54BwbuXiEKOk8/s200/skin_cancer_s19_basal_cell_carcinoma.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Basal cell carcinomas arise
from the layer of skin cells present along the lowest layer of the epidermis
and are the most common form of skin cancer. They are locally aggressive so
they ought to be treated before they get so large that removal becomes
difficult. The tumor has a shiny surface, is pearly white in color, and tends
to bleed quite easily. It often ulcerates.</span></span><br />
<br />
<h3>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></span></i></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Who Is At Risk for Skin
Cancer and Why?</span></span></i></span></h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Sunlight is by far the most
common cause of skin cancer. Most of the exposure occurs during leisure time or
sun tanning. The perceived benefits of exposure to sunlight seem to be confined
mostly to the production of vitamin D in the skin and a belief that darker skin
is more aesthetically appealing. Vitamin D requirements can be easily satisfied
with dietary supplementation. Light-skinned individuals with blonde or red hair
who live in regions near the equator are the most at risk to develop skin
cancer.</span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b><span>Reduce Your Skin Cancer Risk</span></b></span></span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span>Beyond living a healthy
lifestyle, it is important to avoid exposure to sunlight as much as is
reasonably possible. Eating a balanced diet and staying physically active
improves the body’s ability to fight free radical damage and heal. </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b><span>Protecting Your Skin</span></b></span></span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span>Any time there has been a
darkening of the skin after sun exposure it is a sign that some damage has been
sustained. Since the incubation period for skin cancers and photo-aging is
quite long (5 to 15 years), it may be difficult to convince sun worshipers to
head indoors.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b><span>Avoiding UV Damage</span></b></span></span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span>The use of clothing,
searching for shade, and the application of effective, broad-spectrum
sunscreens are all useful behaviors in limiting sun damage. </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b><span>Seeking Shade to Avoid Skin Cancer</span></b></span></span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span>Shade is the first
defense against skin damage. Between the hours of 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., when the
sun’s rays are at their most intense, find cover or wear a wide-brimmed hat.
The Skin Cancer Foundation recommends hats with broad brims all around that are
at least three inches wide.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span>Although shade is an
important protection against skin cancer, it may still leave you vulnerable to
UVB light, which can reach skin indirectly. UV radiation can bounce off of
clouds, dry sand, concrete and other UV-reflective surfaces.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b><span>Choosing the Right Sunscreen</span></b></span></span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span>Sunscreens that are
reasonably durable are currently available that block all the wavelengths of
ultraviolet light with an SPF (Sun Protection Factor) of 50. It can help to
look for the words “broad spectrum” or “multi spectrum” when choosing a
sunscreen. This indicates that both UVA light and UVB light are being blocked
by your sunscreen. Keep in mind that these phrases don’t actually indicated how
much of each ray is being blocked. Also, consider using an FDA approved “Water
Resistant (40 or 80 min.)” sunscreen if you sweat or swim in sunlight.</span></span></span></div>
<br />
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<br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> <span><br /></span></span></span></div>
Erwinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12982580847034408349noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7218369765904264317.post-66269421250472946852017-01-01T19:09:00.000+07:002017-01-01T19:30:04.186+07:00Pancreatic Cancer<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></b></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiPl-zZZ7QDScBTPpBDoP0p108MdJBVNj4MemY8PIqt1IPaGFkEiTEKYuUY2crIfnhAdj6GkMDxFuQY8orj-2oFaf7IcxlBw56fkis4V-OQVdJufcdpjdyTpOdE-RMG5AOLqtf2m8JPG4/s1600/pancreatic_cancer_s2_illustration.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiPl-zZZ7QDScBTPpBDoP0p108MdJBVNj4MemY8PIqt1IPaGFkEiTEKYuUY2crIfnhAdj6GkMDxFuQY8orj-2oFaf7IcxlBw56fkis4V-OQVdJufcdpjdyTpOdE-RMG5AOLqtf2m8JPG4/s320/pancreatic_cancer_s2_illustration.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">What is the
pancreas?</span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The pancreas is an organ that is part of the digestive
system. It sits behind and below the stomach in the back of the abdominal
cavity. It has two main functions: making digestive enzymes that help break
down the proteins in your food, and producing the hormone insulin, which helps
regulate your blood sugar levels.</span></div>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">What causes
pancreatic cancer?</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The biggest risk
factor for developing pancreatic cancer is smoking. Smokers are twice as likely
to develop the disease compared to non-smokers. Other causes of pancreatic
cancer that can be controlled are obesity and work-related exposure to certain
pesticides, dyes, and other chemicals. Risk factors for pancreatic cancer that
cannot be controlled include aging, being male, African-American, family
history of the disease, diabetes, and certain genetic disorders.</span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">What are the symptoms
of pancreatic cancer?</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">In the early stages,
pancreatic cancer may cause no symptoms, or if it does the symptoms may
resemble other illnesses. For that reason it is often referred to as a
"silent killer," as the disease may be difficult to detect early on.
When symptoms do appear, they include yellowing of the skin and of the whites
of the eyes (jaundice), light-colored stools, dark urine, abdominal pain,
unexplained weight loss, and fatigue.</span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">How is cancer of the
pancreas diagnosed?</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">To diagnose pancreatic
cancer, first the doctor will do a complete physical exam and history. Then
blood, urine, and stool tests may be done.</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Additional
tests a doctor may order to diagnose and stage pancreatic cancer </span></b></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmL0ASWjc7lBNARuzDqWkqPqn1mf7q1iPP4mPUmv4lRxI7uAbw3grQY7hMplvndvBRB_MtDnGaz_Av9LaFKo4pHIjel_AeS-mRkg8M3SNTvCAKrnZbgDgtv3zCTYxMaG1pn2NZ4edQURA/s1600/pancreatic_cancer_s6_mass.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmL0ASWjc7lBNARuzDqWkqPqn1mf7q1iPP4mPUmv4lRxI7uAbw3grQY7hMplvndvBRB_MtDnGaz_Av9LaFKo4pHIjel_AeS-mRkg8M3SNTvCAKrnZbgDgtv3zCTYxMaG1pn2NZ4edQURA/s200/pancreatic_cancer_s6_mass.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">There are additional tests a doctor may order to
diagnose and stage pancreatic cancer. These tests include: </span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: yellow;"><i>Angiogram</i></span>: an X-ray that images blood vessels to
show if an area of blood flow is blocked, such as by a tumor.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: yellow;"><i>CT scan</i></span>: these are types of X-rays that show
cross sections of the body and can also help determine if the cancer has
spread to other organs.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: yellow;"><i>Transabdominal ultrasound</i></span>: this uses sound waves
to form a picture of the organs in the abdomen, and can distinguish types
of pancreatic tumors.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: yellow;"><i>ERCP (endoscopic retrograde
cholangiopancreatogram)</i></span>: this is a type of scope test that allows doctors
to examine the ducts that drain the pancreas.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: yellow;"><i>Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)</i></span>: similar to an ERCP,
this is a newer procedure in which an endoscope containing an ultrasound
probe is inserted into the mouth and down through the stomach where it
then scans the pancreas for cancers.</span></li>
</ul>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">How is cancer of the
pancreas treated?</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Because pancreatic
cancer often has no symptoms in the early stages, it is often found in later
stages, which makes curing the disease more difficult. Treatment for pancreatic
cancer depends on the stage, or extent, of the cancer, as well as the patient's
health. Treatment options include surgery, ablative treatments to destroy the
tumor, radiation, and chemotherapy.</span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Surgery may be
necessary to treat pancreatic cancer.</span></h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFmCTqdNy6fV9dgVs7sqI3bSYxGgmkI7P17V8kmPFKXG2MOqHC1USiQPJPwq_mRJWqeGbc_2fTvovE3cclS-YRFLoUE6hoeDmJdWQpd1xNQO4VRKNt-HVOV5_b0Q_KYIQxQIqpuhAzksk/s1600/pancreatic_cancer_s8_surgery.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFmCTqdNy6fV9dgVs7sqI3bSYxGgmkI7P17V8kmPFKXG2MOqHC1USiQPJPwq_mRJWqeGbc_2fTvovE3cclS-YRFLoUE6hoeDmJdWQpd1xNQO4VRKNt-HVOV5_b0Q_KYIQxQIqpuhAzksk/s200/pancreatic_cancer_s8_surgery.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">There are two types of
surgery for pancreatic cancer: <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">potentially curative</i></b> (done when
tests suggest that all the cancer can be removed), and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">palliative</i></b> (performed to
relieve symptoms when the cancer is unable to be completely removed).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The most common
potentially curative surgery is called a <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pancreaticoduodenectomy</i></b>, or <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Whipple
procedure</i></b>, where the head and sometimes the body of the pancreas are
removed. In some cases, parts of the small intestines, bile duct, gallbladder,
lymph nodes, and stomach may also be removed. This is a major operation best
done by a surgeon experienced in doing such a procedure.</span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">What are the side
effects of pancreatic cancer surgery?</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Complications or side
effects of pancreatic surgery depend on the procedure being performed, the
patient's overall heath, and other factors. Most patients will experience
post-operative pain, which can be controlled with medicine. You may feel weak
or tired following surgery and require a few weeks to months to recover.
Following the Whipple procedure, you may experience bloating, fullness, nausea,
or vomiting. This can often be modified with changes in diet as your body
recovers.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Some complications
following surgery to treat pancreatic cancer include infections, bleeding,
difficulty emptying the stomach, and leaking from various surgical connections.</span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Radiation therapy may
be used to treat pancreatic cancer.</span></h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixv4_9yZV5KoCZ9xvmYfGpsXO5c9bRijUwDjPIMvmZeg0MKyaiddtBngm8bSC6Yua5r__G-SQcElXFUcgAThiQyzAIZ4abTREEy8DfJUeXXXo6odX4i3wsD2jkpvk26qx36dsRjg-PHew/s1600/pancreatic_cancer_s10_radiation.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixv4_9yZV5KoCZ9xvmYfGpsXO5c9bRijUwDjPIMvmZeg0MKyaiddtBngm8bSC6Yua5r__G-SQcElXFUcgAThiQyzAIZ4abTREEy8DfJUeXXXo6odX4i3wsD2jkpvk26qx36dsRjg-PHew/s200/pancreatic_cancer_s10_radiation.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Radiation therapy
(radiotherapy) uses high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells. It is usually
given in a hospital or clinic, and the course of treatment is generally
30-minute sessions, five days a week for several weeks.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Radiation therapy may
also be used to relieve the pain caused by the tumor, or in an attempt to keep
the tumor from growing. It is sometimes given before surgery to try to shrink
the tumor pre-operatively, or it may be given post-operatively to kill any
cancer cells that might be left.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Though the radiation
therapy procedure itself is painless, patients may experience side effects from
the treatment, including nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and
extreme fatigue. Many of the side effects can be treated with medications, and
most resolve within a few weeks after the treatment stops.</span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Chemotherapy may be
used to treat pancreatic cancer</span></h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTWRG9m4toqDs31ggwRlIFQo-nW6INYfvcdL2wx4X9prLczQf-XYVUCQHG5qNZ0Umlh8PoUXwwCn4B5UH3wXCnq8MCvyFfoudLmkPUGCdp8AslI0Y-nKRBlY50zvUHEzAyMr3eGvrklBc/s1600/pancreatic_cancer_s12_blood.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTWRG9m4toqDs31ggwRlIFQo-nW6INYfvcdL2wx4X9prLczQf-XYVUCQHG5qNZ0Umlh8PoUXwwCn4B5UH3wXCnq8MCvyFfoudLmkPUGCdp8AslI0Y-nKRBlY50zvUHEzAyMr3eGvrklBc/s200/pancreatic_cancer_s12_blood.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Chemotherapy, also
called "chemo," is another treatment option for pancreatic cancer,
and it uses drugs usually given intravenously to kill cancer cells throughout
the body. It is not localized and it may harm healthy cells as well.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">It may be administered
before or after surgery, it may be given alone, or in combination with
radiation therapy. It is usually administered in cycles of a few weeks at a
time, with a rest period so the body can recover.</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Because chemotherapy can also harm
healthy cells, it often causes side effects. Hair loss is common because the
chemo damages cells in the hair roots. Damage to blood cells can cause
infections, bruising or bleeding easily, weakness, and fatigue. In addition,
damage to cells in the digestive tract can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
poor appetite, and mouth or lip sores. Some chemotherapy drugs may cause
numbness or tingling in the hands and feet. Your doctor may be able to
prescribe medication to help ease some of these side effects.</span></div>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Newer Targeted
therapies may be used to treat pancreatic cancer</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Targeted therapy uses
substances produced by the body or synthetic versions of these substances –
such as antibodies, cytokines, and other immune system substances, which can
target the cancer cells – to treat disease.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">One type of targeted
therapy is referred to as immunotherapy, and the goal is to stimulate the
body's immune system to attack cancer cells.</span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">What are the side
effects of pancreatic cancer biological therapy?</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Side effects of
targeted therapies vary depending on the type of treatment. Many cause flu-like
symptoms, allergic reactions, lower blood counts, and even organ damage. Some
may cause side effects such as urinary side effects or even secondary cancer.</span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">What happens after
treatment for pancreatic cancer?</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">It is very important
to go to all follow-up appointments with your doctors after completing
pancreatic cancer treatments. Some treatment side effects will last months,
years, or even the rest of your life and will need to be managed. You will need
to be monitored closely to check for recurrence of the cancer. Your follow-ups
will likely include a physical exam, blood tests, and CT scans. Discuss your
follow-up schedule with your doctor.</span><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">What support
can pancreatic cancer patients seek?</span></b></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisXB9EqJSoHADnRJM-Xb1-o_gtuOgmIzRqJalOt0Xj9IiWSjccDnUw9dt_nm7_nJH-Om_AwTH8G9Hiq0IxrmqlVFdbdMeAgQ7NGSc-6LTvOX55pxCKxwXcdAWoJEBccXjvJdov1VYO_H0/s1600/pancreatic_cancer_s17_doctor_talking_to_patient.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisXB9EqJSoHADnRJM-Xb1-o_gtuOgmIzRqJalOt0Xj9IiWSjccDnUw9dt_nm7_nJH-Om_AwTH8G9Hiq0IxrmqlVFdbdMeAgQ7NGSc-6LTvOX55pxCKxwXcdAWoJEBccXjvJdov1VYO_H0/s200/pancreatic_cancer_s17_doctor_talking_to_patient.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Coping with a cancer diagnosis can be challenging for
both patients and their families. </span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Talk to your doctors and other health
professionals about your questions and concerns in dealing with your
treatment and your cancer.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Social workers can also be helpful in suggesting
resources for financial aid, home care, and emotional support. </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Members of the clergy can offer emotional
support.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Support groups for patients and family members
are a safe place to share experiences coping with the disease and the
effects of treatment</span></li>
</ul>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">What does the future
hold for pancreatic cancer?</span></h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdssDCAJiCNN-EKORIzg5MiPcnCUVQ0VQ8rj1xt0vBsihZti4wYn4peq_wsBcYPWsGyqrLQwvGB3ZNtzxHtrr7aJw0tqtQa4F2wBYtYmXJw8dbqJR1vA5xz7QUiivVSN0IDE6Kk2I9I00/s1600/pancreatic_cancer_s19_lab.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdssDCAJiCNN-EKORIzg5MiPcnCUVQ0VQ8rj1xt0vBsihZti4wYn4peq_wsBcYPWsGyqrLQwvGB3ZNtzxHtrr7aJw0tqtQa4F2wBYtYmXJw8dbqJR1vA5xz7QUiivVSN0IDE6Kk2I9I00/s200/pancreatic_cancer_s19_lab.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">There are medical
advances being made that may offer new treatment possibilities for pancreatic
cancer in the future. Some of the treatments being studied include a type of
laparoscopic surgery, new types of radiation therapy, new combinations of
chemotherapy drugs, targeted therapies (such as growth factor inhibitors and
anti-angiogenesis drugs), immunotherapies (such as monoclonal antibodies and
vaccines), and individualized therapies.</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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Erwinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12982580847034408349noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7218369765904264317.post-14313023292282447642016-12-31T13:11:00.000+07:002016-12-31T13:11:11.758+07:00Ovarian Cancer<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjqiia-F61t6QwS1iw5Yz6lfmU6IE9ZihYdws0USRmfKYLHf3ZVTnBUqGhuDklp3zmF_EN-Aju0mQxy-zn-2L2jxyjoxWL3JwnGCypU2mKUdXs2jPsxWw2utN9VP2WCd059sCHXoOA9IuL/s1600/getty_rm_photo_of_ovarian_cancer_collage.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615081867946523810" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjqiia-F61t6QwS1iw5Yz6lfmU6IE9ZihYdws0USRmfKYLHf3ZVTnBUqGhuDklp3zmF_EN-Aju0mQxy-zn-2L2jxyjoxWL3JwnGCypU2mKUdXs2jPsxWw2utN9VP2WCd059sCHXoOA9IuL/s320/getty_rm_photo_of_ovarian_cancer_collage.jpg" style="display: block; height: 218px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 320px;" /></a><br />
<h3>
</h3>
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">This
cancer begins in the ovaries, the twin organs that produce a woman's
eggs and the main source of the female hormones estrogen and
progesterone. Treatments for ovarian cancer have become more effective
in recent years, with the best results seen when the disease is found
early.</span><br />
<h3>
<span style="color: #ffff99; font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ovarian Cancer Symptoms</span></h3>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_97xYkLvZDi4SdHga9U0L3aKw60epB2icjmktv1Qgsh8UO3ePAJVni1y7m9hFbXGFUU-ERR1YglbkI4sz7X6mDvrgFrKIK5Wzd_Pcn0NVEz-4uE4nYNCJqlysrD7YdxQEWsfeMKE3w8ix/s1600/getty_rf_photo_of_woman_holding_abdomen.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615080962846135426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_97xYkLvZDi4SdHga9U0L3aKw60epB2icjmktv1Qgsh8UO3ePAJVni1y7m9hFbXGFUU-ERR1YglbkI4sz7X6mDvrgFrKIK5Wzd_Pcn0NVEz-4uE4nYNCJqlysrD7YdxQEWsfeMKE3w8ix/s200/getty_rf_photo_of_woman_holding_abdomen.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 136px; margin: 0 0 10px 10px; width: 200px;" /></a><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Bloating or pressure in the belly.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Pain in the abdomen or pelvis.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Feeling full too quickly during meals.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Urinating more frequently.</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">These
symptoms can be caused by many conditions that are not cancer. If they
occur daily for more than a few weeks, report them to your health care
professional.</span><br />
<h3>
<span style="color: #ffff99; font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Risk Factor: </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">~ Family History</span></h3>
<div style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">A
woman's odds of developing ovarian cancer are higher if a close
relative has had cancer of the ovaries, breast, or colon. Researchers
believe that inherited genetic changes account for 10% of ovarian
cancers. This includes the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations, which are
linked to breast cancer. Women with a strong family history should talk
with a doctor to see whether closer medical follow-up could be helpful.</span></div>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">~ Age</span></h3>
<div style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The
strongest risk factor for ovarian cancer is age. It's most likely to
develop after a woman goes through menopause. Using postmenopausal
hormone therapy may increase the risk. The link seems strongest in women
who take estrogen without progesterone for at least 5 to 10 years.
Doctors are not certain whether taking a combination of estrogen and
progesterone boosts the risk as well.</span></div>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">~ Obesity</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Obese
women have a higher risk of getting ovarian cancer than other women.
And the death rates for ovarian cancer are higher for obese women too,
compared with non-obese women. The heaviest women appear to have the
greatest risk.</span><br />
<h3>
<span style="color: #ffff99; font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ovarian Cancer Screening Tests</span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnU6KdSmFQNRhIITFf4QwjjOJheYaYCu8i8kKwOp6mcLcO4ZqjXbM3x6X50yj0kBXqtPzSd5XjVqNfMLswpjjA-MLdDaUaP1nHVIZa5sSMMMVklfKTfAvtp_WB4HQXCJMKgIZPhL-zWmvt/s1600/getty_rf_photo_of_blood_sample.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615080965383595154" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnU6KdSmFQNRhIITFf4QwjjOJheYaYCu8i8kKwOp6mcLcO4ZqjXbM3x6X50yj0kBXqtPzSd5XjVqNfMLswpjjA-MLdDaUaP1nHVIZa5sSMMMVklfKTfAvtp_WB4HQXCJMKgIZPhL-zWmvt/s200/getty_rf_photo_of_blood_sample.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 136px; margin: 0 0 10px 10px; width: 200px;" /></a><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">There
are two ways to screen for ovarian cancer before it causes symptoms or
shows up during a routine gynecologic exam. One is a blood test for
elevated levels of a protein called CA-125. The other is an ultrasound
of the ovaries. Unfortunately, neither technique has been shown to save
lives when used in women of average risk. For this reason, screening is
only recommended for women with strong risk factors.</span><br />
<h3>
<span style="color: #ffff99; font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Diagnosing Ovarian Cancer</span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGYg4bLlmjGEpZVVOafmtc5mlI2MPyWxgbm_0dtsN698Oz7tIzYf04DhdL7z6fGCOLmODAnSeXR1YVrDPtbXXEY7-xuuE3BuAXTTuj4dTOLwaVmp0UhyphenhyphenOMzyS35xEYsUalse-G65sn0p1W/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_ovarian_scan.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615082311822298290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGYg4bLlmjGEpZVVOafmtc5mlI2MPyWxgbm_0dtsN698Oz7tIzYf04DhdL7z6fGCOLmODAnSeXR1YVrDPtbXXEY7-xuuE3BuAXTTuj4dTOLwaVmp0UhyphenhyphenOMzyS35xEYsUalse-G65sn0p1W/s200/princ_rm_photo_of_ovarian_scan.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 136px; margin: 0 0 10px 10px; width: 200px;" /></a><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Imaging
tests, such as ultrasound or CT scans (seen here), can help reveal an
ovarian mass. But these scans can't determine whether the abnormality is
cancer. If cancer is suspected, the next step is usually surgery to
remove suspicious tissues. A sample is then sent to the lab for further
examination. This is called a biopsy. Sometimes a sample taken with a
needle can also be used for diagnosis.</span><br />
<h3>
<span style="color: #ffff99; font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Stages of Ovarian Cancer</span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ0IL4WKGBgLnD15Ah3wZ4Ud2XNeyaH7b9Mt8NHsV420bCfoVtWJ3JbeVSLH0pyBS53-yORvjYGrBDxB-TqcFtIGvjWwgeYVB2gSMkV18IuWY8CZVHBI8IRzARQCCzFKjuDFqU9hmGtkaB/s1600/phototake_rm_photo_of_stages_of_ovarian_cancer.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615082307921328978" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ0IL4WKGBgLnD15Ah3wZ4Ud2XNeyaH7b9Mt8NHsV420bCfoVtWJ3JbeVSLH0pyBS53-yORvjYGrBDxB-TqcFtIGvjWwgeYVB2gSMkV18IuWY8CZVHBI8IRzARQCCzFKjuDFqU9hmGtkaB/s200/phototake_rm_photo_of_stages_of_ovarian_cancer.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 136px; margin: 0 0 10px 10px; width: 200px;" /></a><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The initial surgery for ovarian cancer also helps determine how far the cancer has spread, described by the following stages:</span><br />
<ul>
<li><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Stage I <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:</span></i></b><i><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Confined to one or both ovaries.</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> <b>Stage II <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:</b> Spread to the uterus or other nearby organs.</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> <b>Stage III </b>: Spread to the lymph nodes or abdominal lining.</span></i></li>
<li><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> <b>Stage IV <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: </b>Spread to distant organs, such as the lungs or liver.</span></i><br /> </li>
</ul>
<span style="color: rgb(255 , 255 , 153); font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;">Types of Ovarian Cancer</span> <br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The
vast majority of ovarian cancers are epithelial ovarian carcinomas.
These are malignant tumors that form from cells on the surface of the
ovary. Some epithelial tumors are not clearly cancerous. These are known
as tumors of low malignant potential (LMP.) LMP tumors grow more slowly
and are less dangerous than other forms of ovarian cancer.</span></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: #ffff99; font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ovarian Cancer Survival Rates</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Ovarian
cancer can be a frightening diagnosis, with 5-year relative survival
rates that range from 89% to 18% for epithelial ovarian cancer,
depending on the stage when the cancer was found. But keep in mind that
these odds are based on women diagnosed from 1988 to 2001. The
treatments and outlook may be better for people diagnosed today. For LMP
tumors, the five-year relative survival rates range from 99% to 77%.</span><br />
<h3>
<span style="color: #ffff99; font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ovarian Cancer Surgery</span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNqPinlwUz_whl1r-JrbfN3jC4oNziLwp_AV7FmmlkaU4Msqvt0xSV3eVXIT8t4tWLVsjW6nuu_2kSF13kQgQr5d3Sx_juV1M1KiJ2sjZiHERFzRmM0GybTYgJ_pS9wmzOerlQRu-LG5-t/s1600/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_woman_about_to-_have_surgery.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615082616000819170" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNqPinlwUz_whl1r-JrbfN3jC4oNziLwp_AV7FmmlkaU4Msqvt0xSV3eVXIT8t4tWLVsjW6nuu_2kSF13kQgQr5d3Sx_juV1M1KiJ2sjZiHERFzRmM0GybTYgJ_pS9wmzOerlQRu-LG5-t/s200/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_woman_about_to-_have_surgery.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 136px; margin: 0 0 10px 10px; width: 200px;" /></a><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Surgery
is used to diagnose ovarian cancer and determine its stage, but it is
also the first phase of treatment. The goal is to remove as much of the
cancer as possible. This may include a single ovary and nearby tissue in
stage I. In more advanced stages, it may be necessary to remove both
ovaries, along with the uterus and surrounding tissues.</span><br />
<h3>
<span style="color: #ffff99; font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Chemotherapy</span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio-Gay_CAKEVK_JLfO5e5NFA9rBETxkH18XUabxQTdfORMGoby3cLxONZKp4hqDo8AC72UnQGpZffAUl9GBfJOfZnSDdHX_6X336w2FQCH0C1zvPYSFfGmBnZwcc-W_YqTcuEZp-TYtpzV/s1600/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_chemotherapy_drugs.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615082619251731506" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio-Gay_CAKEVK_JLfO5e5NFA9rBETxkH18XUabxQTdfORMGoby3cLxONZKp4hqDo8AC72UnQGpZffAUl9GBfJOfZnSDdHX_6X336w2FQCH0C1zvPYSFfGmBnZwcc-W_YqTcuEZp-TYtpzV/s200/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_chemotherapy_drugs.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 136px; margin: 0 0 10px 10px; width: 200px;" /></a><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">In
all stages of ovarian cancer, chemotherapy is usually given after
surgery. This phase of treatment uses drugs to target and kill any
remaining cancer in the body. The drugs may be given by mouth, through
an IV, or directly into the belly (intraperitoneal chemotherapy.) Women
with LMP tumors usually don't need chemo unless the tumors grow back
after surgery.</span><br />
<h3>
<span style="color: #ffff99; font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Targeted Therapies</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Researchers
are working on therapies that target the way ovarian cancer grows. A
process called angiogenesis involves the formation of new blood vessels
to feed tumors. A drug called Avastin blocks this process, causing
tumors to shrink or stop growing (seen in the illustration here).
Avastin is approved for other cancers, but ovarian cancer researchers
are still testing this therapy, which can have serious side effects.</span><br />
<h3>
<span style="color: #ffff99; font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12.0pt;">After Treatment: </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">~ Early Menopause</span></h3>
<div style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">When
women have both ovaries removed, they can no longer produce their own
estrogen. This triggers menopause, no matter how young the patient. The
drop in hormone levels can also raise the risk for certain medical
conditions, including osteoporosis. It's vital that women have regular
follow-up care after being treated for ovarian cancer.</span></div>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">~ Moving On</span></h3>
<div style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Women
may find that it takes a long time for their energy to return after
treatments end. Fatigue is a very common problem after treatment for
cancer. Beginning a gentle exercise program is one of the most effective
ways to restore energy and improve emotional well-being. Check with
your health care team to determine which activities are right for you.</span></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: #ffff99; font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Risk Reducer: </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">~ Pregnancy</span></h3>
<div style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Women
who have biological children are less likely to get ovarian cancer than
women who have never given birth. The risk appears to decrease with
every pregnancy, and breastfeeding may offer added protection.</span></div>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">~ 'The Pill'</span></h3>
<div style="margin-left: .5in;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl2jdw4SoLtfNaBWJTdwwYk0KrFdPYXRamlk9xMPZSBsZT69Z012-zNPQ60jAe_t7wLE98t3Y8PC-NWbLmPfyR2WOtxLeVwqZFTGQDONv2_Jp5l6BOAoOEeyfFPd4v0rDnAyoZIuz8eNE6/s1600/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_birth_control_pills.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615083348783651170" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl2jdw4SoLtfNaBWJTdwwYk0KrFdPYXRamlk9xMPZSBsZT69Z012-zNPQ60jAe_t7wLE98t3Y8PC-NWbLmPfyR2WOtxLeVwqZFTGQDONv2_Jp5l6BOAoOEeyfFPd4v0rDnAyoZIuz8eNE6/s200/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_birth_control_pills.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 136px; margin: 0 0 10px 10px; width: 200px;" /></a><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Ovarian
cancer is also less common in women who have taken birth control pills.
Women who have used the pill for at least five years have about half
the risk of women who never took the pill. Like pregnancy, birth control
pills prevent ovulation. Some researchers think ovulating less often
may protect against ovarian cancer.</span></div>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">~ Tubal Ligation</span></h3>
<div style="margin-left: .5in;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM7XCiLOXUxy5itsFBd22FyKDtD0CGvI2fdZ9Lt5-UMNv8jxPypSxe-8vCVRZjDD47yirprXNC8eui5G5PPIU6pTy3TLBTCbidVdqwZaABK82OHEfcvsnGGr2nQAJ3joywryCFJq7ZXIsg/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_tubal_litigation.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615083355011877826" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM7XCiLOXUxy5itsFBd22FyKDtD0CGvI2fdZ9Lt5-UMNv8jxPypSxe-8vCVRZjDD47yirprXNC8eui5G5PPIU6pTy3TLBTCbidVdqwZaABK82OHEfcvsnGGr2nQAJ3joywryCFJq7ZXIsg/s200/princ_rm_photo_of_tubal_litigation.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 136px; margin: 0 0 10px 10px; width: 200px;" /></a><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Getting
your tubes tied, formally known as tubal ligation, may offer some
protection against ovarian cancer. The same goes for having a
hysterectomy – removing the uterus while leaving the ovaries intact.</span></div>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">~ Removing the Ovaries</span></h3>
<div style="margin-left: .5in;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7GaCEYymERTwv0iW9b9C6DMLbKmo4u22-Rd5FlXuxOQXuKtGyD3TbgYNWQt7OYBhwkg7UPKOIWOuCuypd6TN7Tb0Dv6fg_tWOVArbuPks5hfCyQm0thLMWcjZ09HsEbE30od4wV_5wk5p/s1600/photolibrary_rm_photo_of_scalpel_close_up.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615083360401399490" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7GaCEYymERTwv0iW9b9C6DMLbKmo4u22-Rd5FlXuxOQXuKtGyD3TbgYNWQt7OYBhwkg7UPKOIWOuCuypd6TN7Tb0Dv6fg_tWOVArbuPks5hfCyQm0thLMWcjZ09HsEbE30od4wV_5wk5p/s200/photolibrary_rm_photo_of_scalpel_close_up.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 136px; margin: 0 0 10px 10px; width: 200px;" /></a><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">For
women with genetic mutations that put them at high risk for ovarian
cancer, removing the ovaries is an option. This can also be considered
in women over 40 getting a hysterectomy.</span></div>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">~ Low-Fat Diet</span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYgdYQ5zx7ubtSHnfxooo8fE-ccljm2QBxpp42oOV_kO01LwQlpEm7E7wjkBE-xXttzzAYrf5fFc2PeOdu6BUhJKAHVznTgcc0RNOjqxU0Io-PXeNusaUbAgc_aDRgvnDFKY09rH9ctE28/s1600/photolibrary_rm_photo_of_salmon_and_salad.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615083362573666210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYgdYQ5zx7ubtSHnfxooo8fE-ccljm2QBxpp42oOV_kO01LwQlpEm7E7wjkBE-xXttzzAYrf5fFc2PeOdu6BUhJKAHVznTgcc0RNOjqxU0Io-PXeNusaUbAgc_aDRgvnDFKY09rH9ctE28/s200/photolibrary_rm_photo_of_salmon_and_salad.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 136px; margin: 0 0 10px 10px; width: 200px;" /></a><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">While
there is no definitive diet to prevent ovarian cancer, there is
evidence that what you eat can make a difference. In one recent study,
women who stuck to a low-fat diet for at least four years were less
likely to develop ovarian cancer. Some researchers report the cancer is
also less common in women who eat a lot of vegetables, but more studies
are needed.</span></div>
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Erwinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12982580847034408349noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7218369765904264317.post-1508447025034890022016-12-31T11:20:00.000+07:002017-01-04T10:46:10.474+07:00Breast Cancer<br />
<h3>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Breast Cancer Symptoms</span></i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgc6E9nmzLXKLtJKlgXtKYEUEyBaA4mzXPjcWHRcrw7jbiK3TlhqOqq2pHWsNpQYLuHFHioaud5GXLM2z3OK6ilZOmL9t13pxM70qYTH242enh3tqdzO403I8tryggcZrMi8EHa45MpgBz2/s1600/1.+breast+cancer.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615445576388373986" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgc6E9nmzLXKLtJKlgXtKYEUEyBaA4mzXPjcWHRcrw7jbiK3TlhqOqq2pHWsNpQYLuHFHioaud5GXLM2z3OK6ilZOmL9t13pxM70qYTH242enh3tqdzO403I8tryggcZrMi8EHa45MpgBz2/s200/1.+breast+cancer.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 160px; margin: 0 0 10px 10px; width: 200px;" /></a><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">There
are often no symptoms of breast cancer, but sometimes women may
discover a breast problem on their own. Signs and symptoms to be aware
of may include:</span><br />
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">A painless lump in the breast.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Changes in breast size or shape.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Swelling in the armpit.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Nipple changes or discharge.</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Breast pain can also be a symptom of cancer, but this is not common.</span></div>
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<h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhnorRhy2xeg8LuTRSMo4l9bbo1M-MyrP6K4RbDls_QQ1h-70lcctQlcNI-VhTUsLCio8SkBjVMmlTHCqj_dL_NmVe1n9RrcJhe0FFn7ZEW9XRRlnxZI5fgIhQ-PwIzInWBaJfw1Yms8q8/s1600/7401W.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615445744848836802" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhnorRhy2xeg8LuTRSMo4l9bbo1M-MyrP6K4RbDls_QQ1h-70lcctQlcNI-VhTUsLCio8SkBjVMmlTHCqj_dL_NmVe1n9RrcJhe0FFn7ZEW9XRRlnxZI5fgIhQ-PwIzInWBaJfw1Yms8q8/s200/7401W.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 200px; margin: 0 0 10px 10px; width: 159px;" /></a><span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Signs of Inflammatory Breast Cancer</span></i></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Inflammatory
breast cancer is a rare, fast-growing type of cancer that often causes
no distinct lump. Instead, breast skin may become thick, red, and may
look pitted -- like an orange peel. The area may also feel warm or
tender and have small bumps that look like a rash.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span></h3>
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<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Breast Cancer and <span style="color: #f4cccc;"><span style="color: yellow;">Mammogram </span></span></span></i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9FiMcyNGx8S04nAXVUZACEAqA9yJpoDYL4isjMMhfjfAaHvzgPwcOc1mZ-GJAlN1Nq3Xj6v9azn_N29oUB0_sMF316T7aIzdZA6d08Qx9DuhJe6oV9S5kNi1V6Jkw1Z7AKiD38OOp-eNo/s1600/17085.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615446332177987570" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9FiMcyNGx8S04nAXVUZACEAqA9yJpoDYL4isjMMhfjfAaHvzgPwcOc1mZ-GJAlN1Nq3Xj6v9azn_N29oUB0_sMF316T7aIzdZA6d08Qx9DuhJe6oV9S5kNi1V6Jkw1Z7AKiD38OOp-eNo/s200/17085.jpg" style="float: right; height: 160px; margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; width: 200px;" /></a><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The earlier breast cancer is found, the easier it is to treat. And mammogram<span style="color: #f4cccc;"></span>, X-rays of the breast, can detect tumors before they are large enough to feel. The <b><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-weight: normal;">American Cancer Society</span></b> recommends yearly mammogram beginning at age 40 for women at average risk. While the <b><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-weight: normal;">U.S. Preventive Services Task Force</span></b> recommends a screening mammogram every
two years from age 50 to 74. It also notes that before age 50, each
woman should check with a doctor to find out what screening schedule is
right for her, considering the potential benefits and harms from
screening.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIJ4vpJ1hqZrlk1qYJyVjwQ6Eh9rbLa8trOEtGJcO8fwp4YPSjmwptQY-9Fsw1JCAY3fNVJySb1XME9dP6IESm0YlCuX6kNVak0amV8F9yF2BON6IX0KxiBgiTNtfNZ7HUWjGZaXXI3PsU/s1600/photolibrary_rm_photo_of_woman_getting_breast_ultrasound.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615446337556866290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIJ4vpJ1hqZrlk1qYJyVjwQ6Eh9rbLa8trOEtGJcO8fwp4YPSjmwptQY-9Fsw1JCAY3fNVJySb1XME9dP6IESm0YlCuX6kNVak0amV8F9yF2BON6IX0KxiBgiTNtfNZ7HUWjGZaXXI3PsU/s200/photolibrary_rm_photo_of_woman_getting_breast_ultrasound.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 136px; margin: 0 0 10px 10px; width: 200px;" /></a><span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Breast Ultrasound and MRI</span></i></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Besides a mammogram,
your doctor may order additional imaging with breast ultrasound. An
ultrasound can help determine the presence of cysts, fluid-filled sacs
that are not cancer. An MRI may be recommended along with a mammogram for routine screening in certain women who have a higher risk of breast cancer.</span><br />
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<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Breast Self-Exams</span></i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbrKmeoMTFnycpeZnw6TWZ9LyK0dLRGY17v0rn5XSItfX6dzwAyu25Lhsn9hyphenhyphenEpN8TG0qney3szrwm-QkPCMFLskfsFK1I5JkHgj3L4Ws8sXzH-pS1QosaVVlk3rc98FmoV7XxoEPLbgO9/s1600/breast-exam-3.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615446346797778242" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbrKmeoMTFnycpeZnw6TWZ9LyK0dLRGY17v0rn5XSItfX6dzwAyu25Lhsn9hyphenhyphenEpN8TG0qney3szrwm-QkPCMFLskfsFK1I5JkHgj3L4Ws8sXzH-pS1QosaVVlk3rc98FmoV7XxoEPLbgO9/s200/breast-exam-3.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 160px; margin: 0 0 10px 10px; width: 200px;" /></a><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">It
was once widely recommended that women check their own breasts once a
month. But studies suggest these breast self-exams play a very small
role in finding cancer. The current thinking is that it’s more important
to know your breasts and be aware of any changes, rather than checking
them on a regular schedule. If you want to do breast self-exams, be sure
to go over the technique with your doctor.</span><br />
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<h3>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">What If You Find a Lump?</span></i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgble0iGT2LrZO3X4mIxu5PVXLgoP4CjuHiHnPqNzTHLIR-VmLJ1lS3GD5eTF4PHiAuaGNkPGPkisy2OooLseKw6IzSXK0Da4WxugwmrJMTbVA1QP2jyvo4ICduaLvNQ8Cudl5RdrKgvt_0/s1600/getty_rm_photo_of_mammogram.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615446355126409954" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgble0iGT2LrZO3X4mIxu5PVXLgoP4CjuHiHnPqNzTHLIR-VmLJ1lS3GD5eTF4PHiAuaGNkPGPkisy2OooLseKw6IzSXK0Da4WxugwmrJMTbVA1QP2jyvo4ICduaLvNQ8Cudl5RdrKgvt_0/s200/getty_rm_photo_of_mammogram.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 136px; margin: 0 0 10px 10px; width: 200px;" /></a><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">First,
don’t panic. Eighty percent of breast lumps are not cancerous. Lumps
often turn out to be harmless cysts or tissue changes related to your
menstrual cycle. But you should let your doctor know right away if you
find anything unusual in your breast. If it is cancer, the earlier it’s
found the better. And if it’s not, testing can give you peace of mind. </span><br />
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<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Breast Biopsy</span></i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0zdjjegj65jwgoT9TTObMoqchuMTsfZw1uJhTpRRJUP0H1XFtoSQuROp-kjoBK33ciGue8Gwy5ESCSydd7DcBILZEQe0dCgDgEHbU20cR3tcXeKLrmXEQV-cbUdDc6zQw1RAUW3nLYlw7/s1600/getty_rm_photo_of_breast_biopsy.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615446362440301650" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0zdjjegj65jwgoT9TTObMoqchuMTsfZw1uJhTpRRJUP0H1XFtoSQuROp-kjoBK33ciGue8Gwy5ESCSydd7DcBILZEQe0dCgDgEHbU20cR3tcXeKLrmXEQV-cbUdDc6zQw1RAUW3nLYlw7/s200/getty_rm_photo_of_breast_biopsy.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 136px; margin: 0 0 10px 10px; width: 200px;" /></a><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The
only sure way to determine whether a lump is cancer is to do a biopsy.
This involves taking a tissue sample for further examination in the lab,
sometimes through a small needle. Sometimes surgery is done to take
part of or the entire lump for testing. The results will show whether
the lump is cancer, and if so, what type. There are several forms of
breast cancer, and treatments are carefully matched to the type of
cancer.</span><br />
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<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Hormone-Sensitive Breast Cancer</span></i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAocmH9SehXB8K8QVd7VDdHOrQzV5S6uX2CqOeFt9UCIU1Te7-T7Kw2bUhS8sj1qWl-pBy38j3pn5cnY_9p7EfPTJhxVe8lAYY15a-x1-FMBjls9dIikFiXNPZ3mh-A-G9Axk33ewjecSq/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_estrogen_receptor.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615447281556329138" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAocmH9SehXB8K8QVd7VDdHOrQzV5S6uX2CqOeFt9UCIU1Te7-T7Kw2bUhS8sj1qWl-pBy38j3pn5cnY_9p7EfPTJhxVe8lAYY15a-x1-FMBjls9dIikFiXNPZ3mh-A-G9Axk33ewjecSq/s200/princ_rm_photo_of_estrogen_receptor.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 136px; margin: 0 0 10px 10px; width: 200px;" /></a><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Some
types of breast cancer are fueled by the hormones estrogen or
progesterone. A biopsy can reveal whether a tumor has receptors for
estrogen (ER-positive) and/or progesterone (PR-positive). About two out
of three breast cancers are hormone sensitive. There are several
medications that keep the hormones from promoting further cancer growth.
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The image shows a molecular model of an estrogen receptor.</span><br />
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<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">HER2-Positive Breast Cancer</span></i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg52aLgZTRU0zJgLBQUQLdittdBRr41LVDlQ_2CHqKRYhH1WmjVfmxK9X4wrEi5wizfe3vFk1FH2y1wLIlD9YUtr0ufEzZbJgaFL6Y5B4dwRFo5y_uKWB21uwOJhx9947mGYjFWiWPCqqj5/s1600/webmd_rf_photo_of_stages_of_breast_cancer.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615447292603056850" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg52aLgZTRU0zJgLBQUQLdittdBRr41LVDlQ_2CHqKRYhH1WmjVfmxK9X4wrEi5wizfe3vFk1FH2y1wLIlD9YUtr0ufEzZbJgaFL6Y5B4dwRFo5y_uKWB21uwOJhx9947mGYjFWiWPCqqj5/s200/webmd_rf_photo_of_stages_of_breast_cancer.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 136px; margin: 0 0 10px 10px; width: 200px;" /></a><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">In
about 20% of patients, breast cancer cells have too many receptors for a
protein called HER2. This type of cancer is known as HER2-positive, and
it tends to spread faster than other forms of breast cancer. It’s
important to determine whether a tumor is HER2-positive, because there
are special treatments for this form of cancer.</span><br />
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<h4>
<span style="color: orange;"><i><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span></i></span></h4>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Breast Cancer Stages</span></i></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Once
breast cancer has been diagnosed, the next step is to determine how big
the tumor is and how far the cancer has spread. This process is called
staging. Doctors use Stages 0-4 to describe whether cancer is localized
to the breast, has invaded nearby lymph nodes, or has spread to other
organs, such as the lungs. Knowing the stage and type of breast cancer
will help your health care team formulate a treatment strategy.</span><br />
<br />
<img alt="" border="0" height="400" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615448505201400482" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4cn6oKZQ5iWu_1qiCgSNWg_hbwN9YLt2qIjOq-cjsGcTkiAYAbGhPXFeTMFAua5WUsrEIcnekHeJflXodlZEmW-Yf9iDfrHcqG5R5z2Hsk5QHawOVGxmEeTBIuYFnqcqZBHwlDI999haC/s400/BC_stages_astrazeneca.jpg" style="display: block; height: 320px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 258px;" width="322" /><br />
<br />
<h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJwBVKy2ggVy7xhVbx_j0_ZXIAuirndK19WmVJ7840TL1JgmMtVA0lIkz67jICDjgqTP3y4E8ahvxYsEEYYeIV-ecfQ5p3tE3QYT-oLiHkStR8lUXj842T1m_bwlQDCURmmrZPZGgRT-bs/s1600/4841W.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615447295617964546" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJwBVKy2ggVy7xhVbx_j0_ZXIAuirndK19WmVJ7840TL1JgmMtVA0lIkz67jICDjgqTP3y4E8ahvxYsEEYYeIV-ecfQ5p3tE3QYT-oLiHkStR8lUXj842T1m_bwlQDCURmmrZPZGgRT-bs/s200/4841W.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 200px; margin: 0 0 10px 10px; width: 159px;" /></a><span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Breast Cancer Survival Rates</span></i></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The
odds of surviving breast cancer are strongly tied to how early it is
found. According to the American Cancer Society, 100% of women with
Stage 1 breast cancer live at least five years, compared to women
without cancer – and many women in this group remain cancer-free for
good. The more advanced the cancer, the lower this figure becomes. By
Stage 4, the five-year relative survival rate declines to 20%. But these
rates can improve as more effective treatments are found.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span></h3>
<h3>
<i><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Breast Cancer Surgery</span></span></i></h3>
<h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAYRgOl3AtD4-Y8r9mxuo4nTbP8H6uowgu767xLtCWptL7hT5JIHIO6FYhq5-_u6QW6_CIaKQmrv5IjCMMwEzP4OLIphwpGEKy7OeQscz8xdHwNXnhhIoRZpA7pGaxGO8hlmz0-s4CWLPm/s1600/phototake_rm_photo_of_breast_cancer_surgery.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615447301792368354" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAYRgOl3AtD4-Y8r9mxuo4nTbP8H6uowgu767xLtCWptL7hT5JIHIO6FYhq5-_u6QW6_CIaKQmrv5IjCMMwEzP4OLIphwpGEKy7OeQscz8xdHwNXnhhIoRZpA7pGaxGO8hlmz0-s4CWLPm/s200/phototake_rm_photo_of_breast_cancer_surgery.jpg" style="float: right; height: 136px; margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; width: 200px;" /></a></h3>
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">There
are many types of breast cancer surgery, from taking out the area
around the lump (lumpectomy or breast-conservation surgery) to removing
the entire breast (mastectomy.) It’s best to discuss the pros and cons
of each of these procedures with your doctor before deciding what’s
right for you.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /></span>
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<h3>
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Radiation Therapy </span></i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJJIhEr9zDqwmJhpxeymt-XJXlc0Ee316FblrGcsBWNo_m7TVCv9C34WEuCVeQX4c237mhcYhwFNhYPTL8juSxh9nfaaYFMfQkzCzLnvjZf3QcuUIF-vLeqVhHSXGkbjUGTGFJ7LmNi5I-/s1600/photolibrary_rm_photo_of_radiation_for_breast_cancer.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615448894453418402" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJJIhEr9zDqwmJhpxeymt-XJXlc0Ee316FblrGcsBWNo_m7TVCv9C34WEuCVeQX4c237mhcYhwFNhYPTL8juSxh9nfaaYFMfQkzCzLnvjZf3QcuUIF-vLeqVhHSXGkbjUGTGFJ7LmNi5I-/s200/photolibrary_rm_photo_of_radiation_for_breast_cancer.jpg" style="float: left; height: 136px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 200px;" /></a><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Radiation
therapy uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. It may be used
after breast cancer surgery to wipe out any cancer cells that remain. It
can also be used along with chemotherapy for treatment of cancer that
has spread to other parts of the body. Side effects can include fatigue
and swelling or a sunburn-like feeling in the treated area.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /></span>
<br />
<h3>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Chemotherapy </span></i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQmwafi75csUu-YFQiFZdSUDMjcHt_VfLWLRUKJv6XvRPbWB7KohceyHPOTowZ1qexu23y3HnLQRHeDUuep7r1X1dcOoZ4N2bfgYFVjXI-wVb-CdhoIxLhzdYTlPhDnJ_oklnfBndraCGU/s1600/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_chemotherapy_patient.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615449011952644610" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQmwafi75csUu-YFQiFZdSUDMjcHt_VfLWLRUKJv6XvRPbWB7KohceyHPOTowZ1qexu23y3HnLQRHeDUuep7r1X1dcOoZ4N2bfgYFVjXI-wVb-CdhoIxLhzdYTlPhDnJ_oklnfBndraCGU/s200/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_chemotherapy_patient.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 136px; margin: 0 0 10px 10px; width: 200px;" /></a><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Chemotherapy
uses drugs to kill cancer cells anywhere in the body. The drugs are
often given by IV, but are sometimes taken by mouth or shot.
Chemotherapy may be done after surgery to lower the odds of the cancer
coming back. In women with advanced breast cancer, chemotherapy can help
control the cancer’s growth. Side effects may include hair loss,
nausea, fatigue, and a higher risk of infection.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /></span>
<br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="color: yellow;"><i>Hormone Therapy</i></span> </span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRI_nw-vddOHJDI8pZNpwXpaNAlhdbHomhVkwGF1cAnIM2owSkQrXuF7l_BLg4WZO0xKOJBVGClyKpu4IoIqz4QhLtTXfrKnmqy-UYFdkTe9khJ99h39wE26nVFkH3zQHGdTggSkUGadXK/s1600/photolibrary_rm_photo_of_woman_taking_pill.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615449248876134050" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRI_nw-vddOHJDI8pZNpwXpaNAlhdbHomhVkwGF1cAnIM2owSkQrXuF7l_BLg4WZO0xKOJBVGClyKpu4IoIqz4QhLtTXfrKnmqy-UYFdkTe9khJ99h39wE26nVFkH3zQHGdTggSkUGadXK/s200/photolibrary_rm_photo_of_woman_taking_pill.jpg" style="float: left; height: 136px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 200px;" /></a><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Hormone
therapy is an effective treatment for women with ER-positive or
PR-positive breast cancer. These are cancers that grow more rapidly in
response to the hormones estrogen or progesterone. Hormone therapy can
block this effect. It is most often used after breast cancer surgery to
help keep the cancer from coming back. It may also be used to reduce the
chance of breast cancer developing in women who are at high risk.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /></span>
<br />
<h3>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Targeted Drugs </span></i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjYPshAnSga2M78r050LmlRQS5zoMDq296oi0dmKJmVqGarL8i235DcyuVZzEMIxhzup5dd0POgLOspQlyrE5q3YBBEQmXJ-cp8wHYIAElbxaqgKc6P3XQgS417nNhVqQ_ns3pO2LZPOgK/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_herceptin_drug.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615449694846037890" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjYPshAnSga2M78r050LmlRQS5zoMDq296oi0dmKJmVqGarL8i235DcyuVZzEMIxhzup5dd0POgLOspQlyrE5q3YBBEQmXJ-cp8wHYIAElbxaqgKc6P3XQgS417nNhVqQ_ns3pO2LZPOgK/s200/princ_rm_photo_of_herceptin_drug.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 136px; margin: 0 0 10px 10px; width: 200px;" /></a><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Targeted
therapies are newer drugs that target specific properties within cancer
cells. For example, women with HER2-positive breast cancer have too
much of a protein called HER2. Targeted therapies can stop this protein
from promoting the growth of cancer cells. These drugs are often used in
combination with chemotherapy. They tend to have milder side effects
compared to chemotherapy.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /></span>
<br />
<h3>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Life After Diagnosis</span></i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBjvSg8yBS_QW0qyNgqIpz3h2ZBA5AcI0mD1AIGij6WK2UWNvCv_UpoGRsKLCQIKyoNr5F3tzCibITruof5Qy8xaNi1BSoHAVvaGFuEJMFao1RO2ZzRk8pxEMDDOrY0MDCu_bdkPjidhlK/s1600/awol.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615449247783304898" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBjvSg8yBS_QW0qyNgqIpz3h2ZBA5AcI0mD1AIGij6WK2UWNvCv_UpoGRsKLCQIKyoNr5F3tzCibITruof5Qy8xaNi1BSoHAVvaGFuEJMFao1RO2ZzRk8pxEMDDOrY0MDCu_bdkPjidhlK/s200/awol.jpg" style="float: left; height: 150px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 200px;" /></a><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">There’s
no doubt that cancer is a life-changing experience. The treatments can
wear you out. You may have trouble managing daily chores, work, or
social outings. This can lead to feelings of isolation. It’s crucial to
reach out to friends and family for support. They may be able to go with
you to treatments, help out with chores, or just remind you that you
are not alone. Many people choose to join a support group -- either
locally or online.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /></span>
<br />
<h3>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Breast Reconstruction</span></i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhPD2C5cc1ZB6a9OU8FGT7CtcsYESyhfXNfs9OSQxTzzbMst8zb-yzptLyG-UZy_ziPPe_4fy4QlBaZuLeXUlAFkIZSNlMGL5bw4KrmTeXuWV5YEW0sxY-MiEJuL64NBwybtuPSR5NuDNg/s1600/phototake_rm_photo_of_breast_reconstruction_illustration.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615449702743950306" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhPD2C5cc1ZB6a9OU8FGT7CtcsYESyhfXNfs9OSQxTzzbMst8zb-yzptLyG-UZy_ziPPe_4fy4QlBaZuLeXUlAFkIZSNlMGL5bw4KrmTeXuWV5YEW0sxY-MiEJuL64NBwybtuPSR5NuDNg/s200/phototake_rm_photo_of_breast_reconstruction_illustration.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 136px; margin: 0 0 10px 10px; width: 200px;" /></a><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Many
women who have a breast removed choose to undergo reconstructive
surgery. This replaces the skin, nipple, and breast tissue that are lost
during a mastectomy. Reconstruction can be done with a breast implant
or with tissue from somewhere else in your body, such as the tummy. Some
women opt to begin reconstruction at the same time as their mastectomy.
But it’s also possible to have reconstructive surgery months or years
later.</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<h3>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Breast Forms</span></i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi19HcBbLVo0_BSCzHjnuDgY8LIsaSVID4z1huq8HJoBhQjJI0NINXlfAmrV76W1osLXXiQrijSfFDE_vJVUZ6wu_TQd7H5pisjct_6FeliHNpAc7KC4NjS400bpl_MWt_6cBanZQwADsFT/s1600/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_breast_form.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" height="136" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615450059525507106" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi19HcBbLVo0_BSCzHjnuDgY8LIsaSVID4z1huq8HJoBhQjJI0NINXlfAmrV76W1osLXXiQrijSfFDE_vJVUZ6wu_TQd7H5pisjct_6FeliHNpAc7KC4NjS400bpl_MWt_6cBanZQwADsFT/s200/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_breast_form.jpg" style="float: left; height: 136px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 200px;" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">An
alternative to breast reconstruction is to be fitted for a breast form.
This is a breast-shaped prosthesis that fits inside your bra. Wearing a
breast form allows you to have a balanced look when you are dressed --
without undergoing additional surgery. Like reconstructive surgery,
breast forms are often covered by insurance.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /></span>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /></span>
<br />
<h3>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Breast Cancer: Why Me?</span></i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsWe8e6zvRbuUHQiAY4qjnQlWTSA0qTnT28JKoCP_S661yaaASpGzBg4g8Us7nrXu1XPIW0gZZvxUCJba_9w2uhojuj-wp36FLPbFhxAGXVOLPN1EOGpu41KJ7JdjTHyXLgLNr7gKSG-mG/s1600/photolibrary_rm_photo_of_older_women_with_hats.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615449704113732626" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsWe8e6zvRbuUHQiAY4qjnQlWTSA0qTnT28JKoCP_S661yaaASpGzBg4g8Us7nrXu1XPIW0gZZvxUCJba_9w2uhojuj-wp36FLPbFhxAGXVOLPN1EOGpu41KJ7JdjTHyXLgLNr7gKSG-mG/s200/photolibrary_rm_photo_of_older_women_with_hats.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 136px; margin: 0 0 10px 10px; width: 200px;" /></a><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The
most obvious risk factor for breast cancer is being a woman. Men get
the disease, too, but it is about 100 times more common in women. Other
top risk factors include being over age 55 or having a close relative
who has had the disease. But keep in mind that up to 80% of women with
breast cancer have no family history of the illness.</span><br />
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<h3>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Breast Cancer Genes</span></i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiYljNVCkF0c8A9ej7gIOn0VeNWxQYEyaCvNcisUyDPey7rB5j7bNs-oUijWvpAz2HzXHtnNU0iFtA641BjxJ47r0WnjyH5MdHffLOwF7kl3LAfUA2jM30jzjV3aMwmyMAIQSMMeQfcIGU/s1600/getty_rf_photo_of_dna_samples.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615450066590800546" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiYljNVCkF0c8A9ej7gIOn0VeNWxQYEyaCvNcisUyDPey7rB5j7bNs-oUijWvpAz2HzXHtnNU0iFtA641BjxJ47r0WnjyH5MdHffLOwF7kl3LAfUA2jM30jzjV3aMwmyMAIQSMMeQfcIGU/s200/getty_rf_photo_of_dna_samples.jpg" style="float: left; height: 136px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 200px;" /></a><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Some
women have a very high risk of breast cancer because they inherited
changes in certain genes. The genes most commonly involved in breast
cancer are known as BRCA1 and BRCA2. Women with mutations in these genes
have up to an 80 percent chance of getting breast cancer at some point
in life. Other genes may be linked to breast cancer risk as well.</span><br />
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<h3>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Risk Factors in Your Control</span></i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQo0ulsoTACAfCkw-Mg9ymqI21Qeawg688n1r_dncu4Bs-NBk-Bk4ddw-c3renzWoz5bEmsEMBmB5VKa5eW5ez3F2Z_nLooLntJd-kdZMX5z5QdRtjIAsRJ5a5QlaU5pDYRGdPANSX2Ak4/s1600/pilates+for+pik.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615450241084302642" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQo0ulsoTACAfCkw-Mg9ymqI21Qeawg688n1r_dncu4Bs-NBk-Bk4ddw-c3renzWoz5bEmsEMBmB5VKa5eW5ez3F2Z_nLooLntJd-kdZMX5z5QdRtjIAsRJ5a5QlaU5pDYRGdPANSX2Ak4/s200/pilates+for+pik.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 140px; margin: 0 0 10px 10px; width: 200px;" /></a><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Being
overweight, getting too little exercise, and drinking more than one
alcoholic beverage per day can raise the risk of developing breast
cancer. Birth control pills and some forms of postmenopausal hormone
therapy can also boost your risk. But the risk goes back to normal after
these medications are stopped. Among survivors, good lifestyle choices
may be helpful. Recent studies suggest that physical activity may help
lower the risk of a recurrence and it's a proven mood-booster.</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<h3>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Breast Cancer Research</span></i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYx5fqLLQ9InLbusrMigj4-zgM4YkpGU1RHxHR5AWOK7u55a_Cywjfgw7XG34sxokFntvPbN6wAxjKqbZiR8sVc6H7JUSN1qrwwlsJLYI4miw1_pjStkq1lTpRBiEw7Yz2seBQcB3H8SHf/s1600/getty_rm_photo_of_dna_technician.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615450407607497458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYx5fqLLQ9InLbusrMigj4-zgM4YkpGU1RHxHR5AWOK7u55a_Cywjfgw7XG34sxokFntvPbN6wAxjKqbZiR8sVc6H7JUSN1qrwwlsJLYI4miw1_pjStkq1lTpRBiEw7Yz2seBQcB3H8SHf/s200/getty_rm_photo_of_dna_technician.jpg" style="float: left; height: 136px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 200px;" /></a><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Doctors
continue to search for more effective and tolerable treatments for
breast cancer. The funding for this research comes from many sources,
including advocacy groups throughout the country. Many of the 2.5
million breast cancer survivors and their families choose to participate
in walk-a-thons and other fundraising events. This links each
individual fight against cancer into a common effort for progress.</span><br />
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<br />
<h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";"><span style="color: yellow;"><i>Note : </i></span></span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";">Hormonal Therapy</span></span></i></span></h3>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";">If your cancer is fueled by
hormones such as estrogen, you may need to take hormonal therapy. You and your
doctor might choose from various types of these drugs. They can lower the
amount of estrogen your body makes so it's not available to fuel your breast
cancer.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";">There are different types of
hormonal treatments for breast cancer:</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: lime;"><i><b><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";">Tamoxifen and toremifene
(Fareston)</span></b></i></span><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";"><span style="color: lime;"> </span>block estrogen
from stimulating cancer cell growth. Doctors call these drugs
"SERMS," which stands for selective estrogen receptor modulators.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";"><span style="color: lime;">Anastrozole (Arimidex),
exemestane (Aromasin), and letrozole (Femara)</span> </span></b><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";">stop the body from making estrogen in women
who've gone through menopause.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: lime;"><i><b><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";">Fulvestrant (Faslodex)</span></b></i></span><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";"> counters estrogen throughout the body, not
just in cancer cells. You get it in a shot. It's approved for use in
postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer who've already tried tamoxifen
or toremifene.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: lime;"><i><b><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";">Goserelin (Zoladex) and
leuprolide (Lupron)</span></b></i></span><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";"> stop
the ovaries from making estrogen. Doctors may consider these meds, along with
other hormone drugs, in women who have not yet been through menopause. After
stopping these drugs, the ovaries may or may not make estrogen again.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";">Targeted Treatments</span></span></i></span></h3>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";">There are drugs that target
specific proteins related to cancer.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: lime;"><i><b><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";">Everolimus (Afinitor)</span></b></i></span><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";"> targets a protein called mTOR, and <span style="color: lime;"><i><b>palbociclib
(Ibrance)</b></i></span> goes after a protein called CDK 4/6. They're approved to treat
advanced breast cancer in women after menopause if:</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";">Their disease is sensitive to (meaning
fueled by) estrogen. Doctors call this “ER-positive.” Most breast cancers
are ER-positive.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";">Their cancer is not sensitive to the
HER2 protein. Your doctor may call this “HER2-negative.” Most breast
cancers are HER2-negative.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";">
</span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<section class="page last scrolled-passed pageview-recorded" data-page-height="805" data-page-number="3" data-word-count="499" id="page-3"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Some
breast cancers -- about 20% -- make too much of the HER2 protein. They're more
aggressive than other cancers. Drugs that target HER2 include:
</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";"> </span></b></span></section><section class="page last scrolled-passed pageview-recorded" data-page-height="805" data-page-number="3" data-word-count="499" id="page-3"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: lime;"><i><b><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";">Trastuzumab (Herceptin)</span></b></i></span><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";"> blocks the HER2 protein from stimulating
cancers cells to grow. You get it by IV once a week or every 3 weeks as a
bigger dose. One of the risks is congestive heart failure, so your doctor will
closely watch your heart's health if you take it.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="color: lime;"><b><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";">Ado-trastuzumab emtansine
(TDM-1, Kadcyla)</span></b></span></i><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";"> is like
trastuzumab with a chemo drug added to it. You get it by IV every 3 weeks.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";"><span style="color: lime;"><i>Pertuzumab (Perjeta)</i></span> </span></b><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";">works similarly to trastuzumab by blocking
HER2. Doctors often give it along with the chemo drug docetaxel (Taxotere) and
trastuzumab.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";"> </span></b></span></section><section class="page last scrolled-passed pageview-recorded" data-page-height="805" data-page-number="3" data-word-count="499" id="page-3"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: lime;"><i><b><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";">Lapatinib (Tykerb)</span></b></i></span><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";"> may be an option if chemo and trastuzumab
aren't working.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";">Other Treatments</span></span></i></span></h3>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";">If the disease is in your bones,
you may need another medication, such as:</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";"><span style="color: lime;"><i>Denosumab (Prolia, Xgeva)</i></span>. </span></b><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";">This drug will slow down the growth of
breast cancer in your bones, and it protects bones from breaking. It can also
lower the blood's calcium level, so your doctor will monitor this. You get a
shot of it, usually every 4 weeks.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: lime;"><i><b><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";">Pamidronate disodium (Aredia)</span></b></i></span><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";">. When breast cancer is in the bones, you
may have too much calcium in your blood. This drug lowers your blood's calcium
level. You get it by IV, usually every 3-4 weeks. Each session can take 2 or
more hours, depending on your particular case.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: lime;"><i><b><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";">Zoledronic acid (Zometa)</span></b></i></span><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";">. This is the same type of drug as
pamidronate disodium. It works the same way to lower your blood calcium level.
You get it by IV, which takes about 15 minutes, every 3-4 weeks. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";">Talk with your doctor about the
risks and benefits of each treatment. Keep your personal goals in mind as you
decide how best to treat your cancer.</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: white;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="color: #f4cccc;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>Breast Reconstruction Surgery Following Mastectomy</i></span></span></span></span></span></h3>
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Erwinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12982580847034408349noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7218369765904264317.post-35623972022578433992016-12-29T22:11:00.000+07:002016-12-29T22:11:17.520+07:00Bladder Cancer<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiB-1qJE14Gsz4NPgA_kYbI0JxQ6aoaptG-WyhJSjJul4DkCpATcC10KdA1Iozqms51CexDF595djQXMFcar8jyln-GI2lq6iqkoWjlHSdIe3PsEutAclKuUidDKGx5mTnPtkwrlW2xprU/s1600/bladder-cancer-s1-illustration-of-bladder-cancer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiB-1qJE14Gsz4NPgA_kYbI0JxQ6aoaptG-WyhJSjJul4DkCpATcC10KdA1Iozqms51CexDF595djQXMFcar8jyln-GI2lq6iqkoWjlHSdIe3PsEutAclKuUidDKGx5mTnPtkwrlW2xprU/s320/bladder-cancer-s1-illustration-of-bladder-cancer.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Bladder cancer is the growth of abnormal or cancerous cells
on the inner lining of the bladder wall. Most bladder cancers are detected at
early stages when the tumor has not spread outside the bladder and treatments
are successful.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
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<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span> </span></b></span></span></i></span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span>Symptoms: </span></b></span></span></i></span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span> </span></b></span></span></i></span></h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
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<i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span>Blood in Urine (Hematuria)</span></b></span></span></i></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUbQw_nZcjLIRh4Y9vCy37xDt4HBnVDelw3M9pZslh8vEir7eR94EiQ2skI0BEHHmJn7I3nVqYgF_Qd_83xt3tWakaJdlpz3_jTtiIlhO-8UvDY7xOxLn5_GplubRUxHucHy44d3lkmiE/s1600/bladder-cancer-s2-photo-of-urine-test.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUbQw_nZcjLIRh4Y9vCy37xDt4HBnVDelw3M9pZslh8vEir7eR94EiQ2skI0BEHHmJn7I3nVqYgF_Qd_83xt3tWakaJdlpz3_jTtiIlhO-8UvDY7xOxLn5_GplubRUxHucHy44d3lkmiE/s200/bladder-cancer-s2-photo-of-urine-test.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">One sign of
bladder cancer is blood in the urine, also known as hematuria. Blood in the
urine does not always mean bladder cancer. Hematuria is most often caused by
other conditions like trauma, infection, blood disorders, kidney problems,
exercise, or certain medications. Blood in the urine may be seen by the naked
eye (gross hematuria) or only detected on urine testing (microscopic
hematuria). The urine may be discolored and appear brownish or darker than
usual or, rarely, bright red in color.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><h3>
<i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></i></h3>
<h3>
<i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Bladder Changes<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj82B4x14LJFVxBI4b3X3NCJLpGf3XrCu3IfPPB3JHsrmqPWLGofyH25qBQd313fXytqCj9qMM5aoSCgE-hPehPGmQq-jc-DKXB5Y6MUN3S-8VzLprS72nXLtVfPVJhHgVNpSJyw9Tcon4/s1600/bladder-cancer-s3-photo-of-xray-of-bladder-cancer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj82B4x14LJFVxBI4b3X3NCJLpGf3XrCu3IfPPB3JHsrmqPWLGofyH25qBQd313fXytqCj9qMM5aoSCgE-hPehPGmQq-jc-DKXB5Y6MUN3S-8VzLprS72nXLtVfPVJhHgVNpSJyw9Tcon4/s200/bladder-cancer-s3-photo-of-xray-of-bladder-cancer.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
</span></span></i></h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Bladder cancer sometimes causes changes in bladder habits like having to
urinate more often or feeling an urgent need to urinate without producing
urine. Another symptom of bladder cancer is pain or burning during urination
without evidence of a urinary tract infection. These symptoms of bladder
problems, like bleeding, are usually caused by conditions other than cancer.
Bladder cancer tends to cause no symptoms until it reaches an advanced stage
that is difficult to cure.
</span></span><h3>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></i></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Possible Causes of Bladder Cancer: </span></span></i></span></h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><h3 style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span>·<b><span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></b></span></span>Smoking</span></span></i></h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Smoking is the greatest known risk factor for bladder cancer; smokers are
four times more likely to get bladder cancer than nonsmokers. Harmful chemicals
from cigarette smoke enter the bloodstream in the lungs and are ultimately
filtered by the kidneys into the urine. This leads to a concentration of
harmful chemicals inside the bladder. Experts believe that smoking causes about
half of all bladder cancers in men and women. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><h3 style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span>·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span>Chemical Exposure</span></span></i></h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Exposure to certain chemicals on the job can increase risk of bladder
cancer. Occupations that may involve exposure to cancer-causing chemicals
include metal workers, hairdressers, and mechanics. Organic chemicals called
aromatic amines are especially associated with bladder cancer and are used in
the dye industry. Those working with dyes, metal workers, or in the
manufacturing of leather, textiles, rubber, or paint should be sure to follow
recommended safety protocols. Smoking increases the risk even more for these
workers. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Who is at Risk for Bladder Cancer?</span></span></i></span></h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Bladder cancer can affect anyone, but certain groups are at greater risk.
Men are three times more likely than women to get bladder cancer. Around 90% of
cases occur in people over age 55, and whites are twice as likely as African
Americans to develop the condition.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Other factors that increase the risk of getting bladder cancer include a
family history of the condition and previous cancer treatment. Birth defects
involving the bladder increase the risk of bladder cancer. When people are born
with a visible or invisible defect that connects their bladder with another
organ in the abdomen, this leaves the bladder prone to frequent infection. This
increases the bladder’s susceptibility to cellular abnormalities that can lead
to cancer. Chronic bladder inflammation (frequent bladder infections, bladder
stones, and other urinary tract problems that irritate the bladder) increase
the risk of developing bladder cancer. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Diagnosis: </span></span></i></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #cfe2f3;"><i>>> Testing</i></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span></h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKKzsIp_uYcNWKHhfg2BNIBeY9n54878pPDB6z7JydtBs8oCaN_oV5btvRas2hlwrOWB6cqnZGWpc2Xetz917F7Z9N261raRYBqskXRjD-v7sX07c1O0dpN3viECK1tioc6BlNYTD6QKk/s1600/bladder-cancer-s7-illustration-of-cytoscopy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKKzsIp_uYcNWKHhfg2BNIBeY9n54878pPDB6z7JydtBs8oCaN_oV5btvRas2hlwrOWB6cqnZGWpc2Xetz917F7Z9N261raRYBqskXRjD-v7sX07c1O0dpN3viECK1tioc6BlNYTD6QKk/s200/bladder-cancer-s7-illustration-of-cytoscopy.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">There is no single lab test that can specifically screen for and diagnose
bladder cancer, even though urine tests may suggest that cancer is present. If
a cancer is present, several tests may be abnormal, including urine cytology
and tests for tumor marker proteins. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><h4>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></h4>
<ul>
<li><h4>
<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Cystoscopy</span></span></span></h4>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">A type of endoscopy, cystoscopy, is a procedure that allows visualization of
the inside of the bladder through a thin, lighted tube that contains a camera.
The instrument can also take small samples (biopsies) if abnormal areas are
seen. A tissue biopsy is the most reliable way to diagnose bladder cancer.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><h4>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></h4>
<ul>
<li><h4>
<span style="color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Urinalysis and Urine Cytology</span></span></span></h4>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">An analysis of the urine is a very useful test in the diagnosis of and
screening for many diseases and conditions. The urinalysis will detect any abnormalities
in the urine such as blood, protein, and sugar (glucose). A urine cytology is
the examination of urine under a microscope while looking for abnormal cells
that might indicate bladder cancer. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><h3 style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="color: #cfe2f3;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span><span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span>>> Imaging</span></span></i></span></h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><ul>
<li><h4>
<i><span style="color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Intravenous Pyelogram</span></span></span></i></h4>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZcJUq5kdM6UaSQ3WJMGopEpzYQEt-VHsE7udOQnUgZ-ctCvfhYJtIhlbj4AartSjtTNQrNg7xC2nqapnDqJyYXytxlM9ygnoLh8iQ2glRe-cRUysn6iR-NyWAHwcOq4XO7pr8UL2Cx5Q/s1600/bladder-cancer-s8-photo-of-pyelogram.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZcJUq5kdM6UaSQ3WJMGopEpzYQEt-VHsE7udOQnUgZ-ctCvfhYJtIhlbj4AartSjtTNQrNg7xC2nqapnDqJyYXytxlM9ygnoLh8iQ2glRe-cRUysn6iR-NyWAHwcOq4XO7pr8UL2Cx5Q/s200/bladder-cancer-s8-photo-of-pyelogram.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">An intravenous pyelogram is an X-ray test with contrast material (dye) to
show the uterus, kidneys, and bladder. When testing for bladder cancer, the dye
highlights the organs of the urinary tract allowing physicians to spot
potential cancer-specific abnormalities.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><ul>
<li><h4>
<i><span style="color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">CT Scans and MRI</span></span></span></i></h4>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">CT scans and MRI are often used to identify tumors and trace metastasized
cancers as they spread to other organ systems. A CT scan provides a
three-dimensional view of the bladder, the rest of the urinary tract, and the
pelvis to look for masses and other abnormalities. CT scans are often used in
conjunction with Positron emission tomography (PET)to highlight cells with high
metabolic rates. “Hot spots” of cells with abnormally high metabolism may
indicate the presence of cancer and require further investigation.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><ul>
<li><h4>
<i><span style="color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Bone Scan</span></span></span></i></h4>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">If a tumor is found in the bladder a bone scan may be performed to determine
whether the cancer has spread to the bones. A bone scan involves having a small
dose of a radioactive substance injected into the veins. A full body scan will
show any areas where the cancer may have affected the skeletal system.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Types of Bladder Cancer </span></span></i></span></h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Bladder cancers are named for the specific type of cell that becomes
cancerous. Most bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinomas, named for the
cells that line the bladder. Other less common types of bladder cancer are
squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><ul>
<li><h3>
<span style="color: #cfe2f3;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Transitional Cell Carcinoma</span></span></i></span></h3>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Bladder cancer that begins inside the innermost tissue layer of the bladder,
the transitional epithelium, is known as transitional cell carcinoma. This type
of lining cell is are able to stretch when the bladder is full and shrink when
it is emptied. Most bladder cancers begin in the transitional epithelium. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">There are two types of transitional cell carcinoma, low-grade and
high-grade. Low-grade transitional cell carcinoma tends to come back after
treatment, but rarely spreads into the muscle layer of the bladder or to other
parts of the body. High-grade transitional cell carcinoma also tends to come
back after treatment and will often spread into the muscle layer of the
bladder, other parts of the body, and the lymph nodes. High-grade diseases
cause most bladder cancer deaths. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><ul>
<li><h4>
<span style="color: #cfe2f3;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Squamous Cell Carcinoma</span></span></i></span></h4>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Squamous cells are thin, flat cells that may lead to bladder cancer after
irritation or long-term infection. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><ul>
<li><h4>
<span style="color: #cfe2f3;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Adenocarcinoma</span></span></i></span></h4>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Adenocarcinoma cancers emerge from glandular cells in the lining of the
bladder. Adenocarcinoma is a very rare form of bladder cancer. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><h3>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></i></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Stages of Bladder Cancer </span></span></i></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></i></span></h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiP_govcxDRM56jUWdLSxbfk6bOAtBjsjwINeHXUR9fvB9YG44oSlaVqynn3Q5zPoAuJynGAGxo9pvCxuMmqmAf7D5Jizs6bGSbIXxtzz5HNoj9rdtUVWwYDaGW6rIzKdI5tQNAXPa5Pzs/s1600/bladder-cancer-s10-illustration-of-bladder-cancer-stages.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiP_govcxDRM56jUWdLSxbfk6bOAtBjsjwINeHXUR9fvB9YG44oSlaVqynn3Q5zPoAuJynGAGxo9pvCxuMmqmAf7D5Jizs6bGSbIXxtzz5HNoj9rdtUVWwYDaGW6rIzKdI5tQNAXPa5Pzs/s320/bladder-cancer-s10-illustration-of-bladder-cancer-stages.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Cancer staging is typically determined by the extent to which a cancer has
grown or spread. A staging system is a way for professionals to specifically
describe how much a cancer has progressed. Typically, the TNM system is used
for bladder cancer and represents the following: </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">T
describes how far the main tumor has grown</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">N
reveals any cancer spread to lymph nodes near the bladder</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">M
reveals whether the cancer has spread (metastasized) to other locations
away from the bladder. </span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><h4>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></h4>
<h3>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Bladder Cancer Stages</span></span></i></span></h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Stage 0a (Ta, N0, M0): The cancer is non-invasive papillary carcinoma and
has not invaded the connective tissue or bladder wall muscle. </span></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
Stage 0is (Tis, N0, M0): Cancerous cells in the inner lining tissue of the
bladder only.</span></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
Stage I (T1, N0, M0): Tumor has spread onto the bladder wall.</span></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
Stage II (T2, N0, M0): Tumor has penetrated the inner wall and is present in
muscle of the bladder wall.</span></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
Stage III (T3, N0, M0): Tumor has spread through the bladder to fat around the
bladder.</span></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
Stage IV applies to one of the following: (T4, N0, M0): Tumor has grown through
the bladder wall and into the pelvic or abdominal wall.</span></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
Any T, N1, M0: The tumor has spread to the nearby lymph nodes. Any T, any N,
M1: The tumor has spread to distant lymph nodes or to sites such as bones,
liver, or lungs. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Bladder Cancer Treatment: </span></span></i></span></h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><h3 style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span> </span></span></span></span></h3>
<h3 style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span><span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">>> <span style="color: #fce5cd;"><i>
</i></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #fce5cd;"><i>Surgery</i></span></span></span></h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><ul>
<li><h4>
<span style="color: #cfe2f3;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Transurethral Resection</span></span></i></span></h4>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2RsXRAUdeYVKhpEmX3ob1vdoDfRj28ylKgaSxXjqfyZxSAHZHPe2kiov7_OKEiHYcmh4ueUSXBkiM0kRi9q29hEnZP5jPHZcmf5FHUAxNL9HlUUUM2YtiNJ3PfslRKZ30DhYsDYGxZfY/s1600/bladder-cancer-s11-illustration-of-bladder-cancer-surgery.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2RsXRAUdeYVKhpEmX3ob1vdoDfRj28ylKgaSxXjqfyZxSAHZHPe2kiov7_OKEiHYcmh4ueUSXBkiM0kRi9q29hEnZP5jPHZcmf5FHUAxNL9HlUUUM2YtiNJ3PfslRKZ30DhYsDYGxZfY/s200/bladder-cancer-s11-illustration-of-bladder-cancer-surgery.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Early stage cancers are most commonly treated by transurethral surgery. An
instrument (resectoscope) with a small wire loop is inserted through the
urethra and into the bladder. The loop removes a tumor by cutting or burning it
with electrical current, allowing it to be extracted from the bladder. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><ul>
<li><h4>
<span style="color: #cfe2f3;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Partial and Radical Cystectomy</span></span></i></span></h4>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Partial cystectomy includes the removal of part of the bladder. This
operation is usually for low-grade tumors that have invaded the bladder wall
but are limited to a small area of the bladder. In a radical cystectomy, the
entire bladder is removed, as well as its surrounding lymph nodes and other
areas that contain cancerous cells. If the cancer has metastasized outside of
the bladder and into neighboring tissue, other organs may also be removed such
as the uterus and ovaries in women and the prostate in men.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><h3 style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span> </span></span></span></span></h3>
<h3 style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span><span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">>> <span style="color: #fce5cd;"><i>
</i></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #fce5cd;"><i>Urinary Diversion After Surgery </i></span></span></span></h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL8SeXO_-D6Dh68D2qBvJF29-JtkbAQQHBCQx7BvMp9738Nf3oE1ORDEJ_SMd2MWphiRgD4KTeiFbq7QPC8Kq3McQSiNlMaWwUCwzfgMDfsNkhFsCgcz5pUdUPw_d0UXY7Et73Kqi0yIM/s1600/bladder-cancer-s12-illustration-of-bladder-catheter.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL8SeXO_-D6Dh68D2qBvJF29-JtkbAQQHBCQx7BvMp9738Nf3oE1ORDEJ_SMd2MWphiRgD4KTeiFbq7QPC8Kq3McQSiNlMaWwUCwzfgMDfsNkhFsCgcz5pUdUPw_d0UXY7Et73Kqi0yIM/s200/bladder-cancer-s12-illustration-of-bladder-catheter.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">When the entire bladder is removed the surgeon will create an alternate way
for urine to be stored and passed. This procedure is called urinary diversion.
Depending on preference, a bag can either be placed inside or outside of the
body to collect urine. Non-continent urinary diversion is when a urostomy bag
is placed outside the body, worn under the clothes. Continent urinary diversion
consists of a pouch, made from intestinal tissue, inside the body to hold
urine. In a newly introduced surgical procedure, the insertion of an artificial
bladder has also been successful for some patients. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><h3 style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span> </span></span></span></span></h3>
<h3 style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span><span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">>> </span></span></span><span style="color: #fce5cd;">Chemotherapy</span></span></span></i></h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq2E0lRWShkX4JRBxiWSb3hD9PW25kARaYB7ovXXN70eSMpTRs2ZBZ4H8nOWWhe4LN1H_foeGJVQ5RJHG7_LIqMM-GiVeeUjpt7jUfdELda-qBhHRRJ7rVlDNUBaZyG7kNXdkbsvQqUj0/s1600/bladder-cancer-s13-photo-of-chemotherapy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq2E0lRWShkX4JRBxiWSb3hD9PW25kARaYB7ovXXN70eSMpTRs2ZBZ4H8nOWWhe4LN1H_foeGJVQ5RJHG7_LIqMM-GiVeeUjpt7jUfdELda-qBhHRRJ7rVlDNUBaZyG7kNXdkbsvQqUj0/s200/bladder-cancer-s13-photo-of-chemotherapy.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Chemotherapy is given in some cases before surgery to shrink bladder cancer
tumors. It can also be used after surgery to destroy any remaining tumor cells.
Chemotherapy may be given intravenously or administered directly into the
bladder (intravesical chemotherapy). Intravesical chemotherapy is effective in
decreasing the recurrence rate of superficial bladder cancers on a short-term
basis, but not effective against bladder cancer that has already invaded the
muscular walls. Systemic or intravenous chemotherapy is required when the
cancer has deeply penetrated the bladder, lymph nodes, or other organs. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><h4>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Chemotherapy Side Effects</span></span></span></h4>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Side effects vary from patient to patient. Common side effects of systemic
chemotherapy include the following: </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Nausea
andvomiting</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Loss of
appetite</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Hair
loss</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sores on
the inside of the mouth or in the digestive tract</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Feeling
tired or lacking energy</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Increased
susceptibility to infection</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Easy
bruising or bleeding</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Numbness
or tingling in the hands orfeet</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><h3 style="margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><h3 style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span><span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">>> <span style="color: #fce5cd;"><i>
</i></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #fce5cd;"><i>Immunotherapy</i></span></span></span></h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Immunotherapy involves the administration of helpful bacteria through a
catheter into the bladder to trigger the immune system to attack both the
bacteria and the cancer cells. Immunotherapy is only given in stages Ta, T1,
and CIS (carcinoma in situ) bladder cancers. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is
a type of bacteria used in this therapy. Intravesical BCG treatment is given
once a week and can be used after surgery to lower the chance of tumor recurrence.
Immunotherapy side effects can include irritation of the bladder, minor
bleeding in the bladder, and flu-like symptoms. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><h3 style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span>·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></span></span></h3>
<h3 style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span><span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> >> <span style="color: #fce5cd;"><i>
</i></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #fce5cd;"><i>Radiation</i></span></span></span></h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><h4>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">What is Radiation?</span></span></h4>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif9kX3Ep9K5KDy7yUaKRhOXFBKctJ80kxtnZyisZ4o469Lvid95_PLR50x-fcd-EpSi0EVPx-AoTmNZkkuK76vkylrbOvsaMpy1g5PJ6rzH-pZnOFqICVKm3gju1pPF3lr0jTD1kYjHzE/s1600/bladder-cancer-s15-photo-of-pelvic-radiotherapy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif9kX3Ep9K5KDy7yUaKRhOXFBKctJ80kxtnZyisZ4o469Lvid95_PLR50x-fcd-EpSi0EVPx-AoTmNZkkuK76vkylrbOvsaMpy1g5PJ6rzH-pZnOFqICVKm3gju1pPF3lr0jTD1kYjHzE/s200/bladder-cancer-s15-photo-of-pelvic-radiotherapy.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Radiation therapy is the use of painless, invisible, high-energy radiation
that can kill both healthy and cancerous cells. Radiation can be used as an
alternative approach or in addition to chemotherapy or surgery to destroy
cancer cells. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><ul>
<li><h4>
<span style="color: #cfe2f3;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">External Radiation</span></span></span></h4>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">External radiation is produced by a machine outside the body. The machine
aims a concentrated beam of radiation at the tumor. External radiation is
typically given five days a week for five to seven weeks. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><ul>
<li><h4>
<span style="color: #cfe2f3;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Internal Radiation</span></span></span></h4>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Internal radiation consists of inserting a small pellet of radioactive
material inside the bladder. The treatment lasts several days and patients are
required to stay in the hospital until the pellet is removed. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><h4>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Radiation Side Effects</span></span></h4>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Radiation therapy also has side effects, which can include fatigue, nausea,
skin irritation, pain with urination, and diarrhea.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><h4>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Alternative Treatments for Bladder Cancer </span></span></i></span></h4>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">There are no alternative or complementary therapies that have been shown to
prevent or cure bladder cancer. Ongoing research studies are examining the role
of green tea or broccoli sprouts as potential complementary treatments. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><h4>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Bladder Cancer Survival Rates and Prognosis</span></span></i></span></h4>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><h4>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Bladder Cancer Survival Rates</span></span></h4>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">As with most cancers, survival rates are dependent upon the stage or extent
of spread of the cancer when it is found. About 50% of bladder cancers are
detected when the tumor is limited to the inner lining of the bladder, and
5-year survival rates for this early stage of cancer are nearly 100%. Cancers
that have spread further typically have lower survival rates. Today the
relative survival rates for all stages of bladder cancer are 77% at 5 years,
70% at 10 years, and 65% at 15 years.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><h4>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Bladder Cancer Prognosis</span></span></h4>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The outlook for bladder cancer patients depends on the stage of cancer at
the time of diagnosis. Patients with metastatic bladder cancer that has spread
to other organs have an average life expectancy of 12 to 18 months. Recurrent
cancer suggests a more aggressive type and a negative outlook for long-term
survival for patients with advanced stage bladder cancer.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></h3>
<h4>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sex After Bladder Cancer Treatment </span></span></i></span></h4>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The surgery for bladder cancer can damage nerves in the pelvis, making sex
difficult.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><h4>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Changes for Men</span></span></h4>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Some men may have trouble getting an erection, but in younger men, this may
improve over time. Semen cannot be produced if the surgery involved removal of
the prostate gland and seminal vesicles.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><h4>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Changes for Women</span></span></h4>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">In women, the uterus, ovaries, and part of the vagina are removed during
radical cystectomy. This permanently stopsmenstruation and prohibits all future
pregnancies. Women who undergo surgery for bladder cancer may also find that
sex is less comfortable, and achieving orgasms may be difficult.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></h3>
<h4>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Bladder Cancer Prevention </span></span></i></span></h4>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">There is no known way to prevent bladder cancer, but it is always advisable
to follow a healthy lifestyle. Stop smoking and limit alcohol consumption to 1
to 2 drinks a day. A healthy diet contains lots of fruits, vegetables, whole
grains, and correct portion sizes of lean meats. Regular exercise and having
checkups can also help you support your health and provide peace of mind. Avoid
unsafe chemical exposures and keep protected if working with chemicals. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><h3>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></h3>
<h4>
<span style="color: yellow;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">New and Experimental Treatments for Bladder Cancer </span></span></i></span></h4>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">New treatments are being investigated for bladder cancer. These include
photodynamic therapy, gene therapy, and targeted therapy. Clinical trials are
available to test some of these or other new therapies. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><ul>
<li><h4>
<span style="color: #fce5cd;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Photodynamic Therapy </span></span></i></span></h4>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Photodynamic therapy uses a laser light and chemicals to kills cancer cells
and shrink tumors. A few days before treatment, the patient is given
light-sensitive compounds intravenously that sensitizes cancer cells to the
light rays emitted by a laser. A small scope with a laser is then introduced
into the bladder through the urethra and is aimed at the tumor. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><ul>
<li><h4>
<span style="color: #fce5cd;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Gene Therapy</span></span></i></span></h4>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Gene therapy refers to the introduction of cells with laboratory-altered DNA
into the body in order to prevent the mutation and spread of cancerous cells or
to attack cancerous cells and tumors by cutting off blood supply or causing
internal cellular death to targeted cancer cells. Gene therapy often requires
the use of a patient’s blood or bone marrow may in order to perform the
procedure. Experimental in nature, gene therapy is a newly emerging procedure
with a growing research base. Some scientists believe gene therapy may be the
best way to find a cure for cancer. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><ul>
<li><h4>
<span style="color: #fce5cd;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Targeted Therapy</span></span></i></span></h4>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Targeted therapies are directed at limiting growth of cancer cells. Targeted
therapy uses drugs to interfere with specific molecules involved in
carcinogenesis and tumor growth. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
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<![endif]-->Erwinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12982580847034408349noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7218369765904264317.post-16604289711395221512016-12-29T20:32:00.000+07:002016-12-31T13:48:37.317+07:00Lung Cancer<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2nRkL12SLko9IIy4ChRJAkJRC0Vliq_lirVH0nsgci64QnUyQVdYv73Bhls3aELQ7OieRm1FDmxln7-h4ckKkNbXgBbLaERc3bDMavKPAIitOIa48lLoJgqNiPXEo1fhPfxlISruZ1-M/s1600/lung-cancer-s1-photo-of-lung-cancer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="271" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2nRkL12SLko9IIy4ChRJAkJRC0Vliq_lirVH0nsgci64QnUyQVdYv73Bhls3aELQ7OieRm1FDmxln7-h4ckKkNbXgBbLaERc3bDMavKPAIitOIa48lLoJgqNiPXEo1fhPfxlISruZ1-M/s400/lung-cancer-s1-photo-of-lung-cancer.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">Lung
cancer is the top cause of cancer deaths in both men and women. But this wasn't
always the case. Prior to the widespread use of mechanical cigarette rollers,
lung cancer was rare. Today, smoking causes nearly 9 out of 10 lung cancer deaths,
while radon gas, pollution, and other things play a smaller role. Newly
developed drugs provide new hope for those diagnosed today.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">When Smoking Is the Cause</span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">Cigarettes
are packed with cancer-causing chemicals. They also disarm the lungs' natural defense
system. The airways are lined with tiny hairs called cilia. To protect the
lungs, they sweep out toxins, bacteria, and viruses. Tobacco smoke stops the
cilia from doing their job. This lets the cancer-causing chemicals build up.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">Symptoms</span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">Lung
cancer begins quietly. There are usually no symptoms or warning signs in the
early stages. As it gets worse, you may notice:</span></span></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">A cough that
won't go away</span></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">Chest pain,
especially during deep breaths</span></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">Wheezing or
shortness of breath</span></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">Coughing up
bloody phlegm</span></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">Fatigue</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">Can You Get Checked?</span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYzpVQIzYwhB6BdOH5PfrcZBiobWVnb07gZ5Z41LmuVsnoyUBO_z0fM67eWKMQSUDea0ZbaB6_QuCdvBdmyMBrwwrMx6gob6r4XnJENu5jemcIKsN7O-AZ8X0iz_CnrBBYdfZCx5lOLGg/s1600/lung-cancer-s4-lung-cancer-scan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYzpVQIzYwhB6BdOH5PfrcZBiobWVnb07gZ5Z41LmuVsnoyUBO_z0fM67eWKMQSUDea0ZbaB6_QuCdvBdmyMBrwwrMx6gob6r4XnJENu5jemcIKsN7O-AZ8X0iz_CnrBBYdfZCx5lOLGg/s200/lung-cancer-s4-lung-cancer-scan.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">A
type of scan called spiral CT may pick up early lung cancers in some people,
but it's not clear whether it finds them early enough to save lives. </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">The
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that heavy smokers ages 55-80
get a CT scan every year. The same goes for those who used to smoke a lot and
quit less than 15 years ago.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">Diagnosis</span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-lFhgnxnHRRW8WhP8CmNPKVLNSpMv5DWPE2OpmQj5zPyCznoZLNZoFQP3rZW8fyQM5DxKMQ9Cfb4jqS8JDpQQCvCJonq-0o6oIQXopJ352YMicNifCybK8BkThH6E3Hb1LFbc412w_q0/s1600/lung-cancer-s5-lung-cancer-xray.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-lFhgnxnHRRW8WhP8CmNPKVLNSpMv5DWPE2OpmQj5zPyCznoZLNZoFQP3rZW8fyQM5DxKMQ9Cfb4jqS8JDpQQCvCJonq-0o6oIQXopJ352YMicNifCybK8BkThH6E3Hb1LFbc412w_q0/s200/lung-cancer-s5-lung-cancer-xray.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">If
your doctor thinks you might have lung cancer -- for instance, because you have
a long-lasting cough or wheezing -- you’ll get a chest X-ray or other imaging
tests. You may also need to cough up phlegm for a sputum test. If either of
these tests suggest that you could have cancer, you'll probably need to get a
biopsy.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">What Is a Biopsy?</span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">Your
doctor will take a small sample of the suspicious growth, usually with a
needle, for examination under a microscope. By studying the sample, a
pathologist can determine whether the tumor is lung cancer, and if so, what
kind.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">Two Main Types</span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzEyl5tSa-GGyMl-BbZSkUKvDi1ieZQzENWJ1-uFAxEBTTwfcpk6scb9cgAXJvhONYcGxhpbwT_IvUAuVmWh7G73GS3MVxMAgP7ZqlYxbE2zu0N6dMIKWfDEv40r2WpVzb8cJvl5srA2o/s1600/lung-cancer-s7-micrograph-of-lung-cancer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzEyl5tSa-GGyMl-BbZSkUKvDi1ieZQzENWJ1-uFAxEBTTwfcpk6scb9cgAXJvhONYcGxhpbwT_IvUAuVmWh7G73GS3MVxMAgP7ZqlYxbE2zu0N6dMIKWfDEv40r2WpVzb8cJvl5srA2o/s200/lung-cancer-s7-micrograph-of-lung-cancer.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">Small-cell
lung cancer is more aggressive, meaning it can spread quickly to other parts of
the body early in the disease. It is strongly tied to cigarette use and is rare
in nonsmokers. Non-small-cell lung cancer grows more slowly and is more common.
It's responsible for almost 85% of all lung cancers.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">What's the Stage?</span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRPyNlx61ZA4oqvzwPHIq7MPtl9omPz5XAcwomzBne5K6tVcHNqorRJhQ5eG6vK7CJvBhi8IF4QEhRwT4ngEu1vsYss1ebZXqIaYEbwJ7ZPb57GptY1M9F78IO3XzoGR9pLrL-9jYRA74/s1600/lung-cancer-s8-lung-cancer-stages.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRPyNlx61ZA4oqvzwPHIq7MPtl9omPz5XAcwomzBne5K6tVcHNqorRJhQ5eG6vK7CJvBhi8IF4QEhRwT4ngEu1vsYss1ebZXqIaYEbwJ7ZPb57GptY1M9F78IO3XzoGR9pLrL-9jYRA74/s200/lung-cancer-s8-lung-cancer-stages.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">Staging
describes how far someone’s cancer has spread. Small-cell lung cancer is
divided into two stages: "Limited" means the cancer is confined to
one lung and maybe nearby lymph nodes. "Extensive" means the cancer
has spread to the other lung or beyond. Non-small-cell lung cancer is assigned
a stage of I through IV, depending on how far it has spread.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">Early-Stage Treatment</span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZqa2-JKsr1zYVEROabtolAdf9epgUtEDG-Wyuw1OZXJlxEWTn4mEj8f3WjdwgGVO43Hq0Sq8M84dDnp0d3D9Nce4qccmJv-XSjy9X1GUuY8WynymK_RU3WKIe4AycziZuDBq4DKULGzg/s1600/lung-cancer-s10-lung-cancer-surgery.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZqa2-JKsr1zYVEROabtolAdf9epgUtEDG-Wyuw1OZXJlxEWTn4mEj8f3WjdwgGVO43Hq0Sq8M84dDnp0d3D9Nce4qccmJv-XSjy9X1GUuY8WynymK_RU3WKIe4AycziZuDBq4DKULGzg/s200/lung-cancer-s10-lung-cancer-surgery.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">When
doctors find non-small-cell lung cancer before it spreads beyond one lung, an
operation can sometimes help. The surgeon may remove the part of the lung that
has the tumor, or if necessary, the entire lung. Some people get radiation or
chemotherapy afterward to kill any remaining cancer cells. Surgery usually
doesn’t help with small-cell lung cancer because it probably has already spread
before diagnosis.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">If It's Advanced Lung Cancer</span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">When
lung cancer spreads too far to be cured, treatments may still help people live
longer and have a better quality of life. Radiation and chemotherapy can shrink
tumors and help control symptoms, such as bone pain or blocked airways.
Chemotherapy is usually the main treatment for small-cell lung cancer.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">New Treatments</span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">Targeted
therapy</span></b><span lang="EN-US">
plus chemotherapy may help, if other approaches don’t work. One type prevents
the growth of new blood vessels that feed cancer cells. Others interrupt the
signals that prompt lung cancer cells to multiply, as shown in the image here.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">Immunotherapy</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> works with your
immune system to fight advanced cases of non-small-cell lung cancer. It doesn’t
work for everyone, but when it does, the results look strong. You’d also get
chemotherapy.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">Quitting Helps</span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">Being
diagnosed with lung cancer can be a shock. If you smoke, or used to, it’s not
too late to make healthy changes. Research shows that people who quit smoking
after learning they have lung cancer do better than those who keep smoking.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">Secondhand Smoke</span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">While
smoking is the top cause of lung cancer, it is not the only risk factor.
Breathing in secondhand smoke at home or at work also appears to raise your
risk. People who are married to someone who smokes are 20% to 30% more likely
to get lung cancer than the spouses of nonsmokers.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">Dangerous Work</span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOw3zRUI3UQS2BM3zCUwqjSYGkZJgsQ98-GjeX25gLGmEvVfQS4fG33yaz6r18iwCdMrM4IgHszJLywFSLwp25GpEoU2EL5l55EdadlYRGbx_tJUr1l7floj5RntKcZAodk66cMq3mixA/s1600/lung-cancer-s16-man-scraping-asbestos.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOw3zRUI3UQS2BM3zCUwqjSYGkZJgsQ98-GjeX25gLGmEvVfQS4fG33yaz6r18iwCdMrM4IgHszJLywFSLwp25GpEoU2EL5l55EdadlYRGbx_tJUr1l7floj5RntKcZAodk66cMq3mixA/s200/lung-cancer-s16-man-scraping-asbestos.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">Some
jobs make lung cancer more likely. People who work with uranium, arsenic, and
other chemicals should try to limit their exposure. Asbestos, which was once
widely used in insulation, is a known cause of lung cancer. It’s rarely used
now, but workers who were exposed years ago are still at risk.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">Radon Gas</span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3WtAif4-AdBumVlPQ0hdmbAWzO0DncZSwqB09LuySavUiOySjzfOh0V8tvuror_erGA1GWmtTlsf9i6GAZg1CpxuZ1XzSOoGmj1radzyx5qc6T7f_r1vEMH3O7IaFohvWqdEe7ROkYmw/s1600/lung-cancer-s17-photo-of-radon-test.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3WtAif4-AdBumVlPQ0hdmbAWzO0DncZSwqB09LuySavUiOySjzfOh0V8tvuror_erGA1GWmtTlsf9i6GAZg1CpxuZ1XzSOoGmj1radzyx5qc6T7f_r1vEMH3O7IaFohvWqdEe7ROkYmw/s200/lung-cancer-s17-photo-of-radon-test.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">This
natural radioactive gas is found at higher than normal levels in certain parts
of the U.S. The gas can build up inside homes and raise the risk of lung
cancer, especially in people who smoke. It is the second leading cause of lung
cancer in the U.S. You can’t smell or see it, but you can use a simple test kit
to find it.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">Air Pollution</span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">It
causes far fewer cases than smoking, but air pollution is still something to
avoid. Experts think that pollution from cars, factories, and power plants may
affect the lungs like secondhand smoke does.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">What Else Puts You at Risk</span></b></span></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">A family
history of lung cancer</span></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">Drinking
water that's high in arsenic</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">Lung
cancer does happen to people with no well-known risk factors -- including those
who've never smoked. Researchers don't know why. It seems to happen to women
more than men. And one type, adenocarcinoma, is more common in nonsmokers than
smokers.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">Prevention</span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL46JbYod_ram4wqac6D1VchDPzr_xZMsuyvBe9jk1pwmz_-uU_J7dkCm2oDiYe3P1aUa4vMOOlUSulgsXImGhAzm-wGzV4EdXj64XEJMu5veOL_QumPDID_0h4IJdvzW579no_tm8tM8/s1600/lung-cancer-s20-photo-of-no-smoking-sign.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL46JbYod_ram4wqac6D1VchDPzr_xZMsuyvBe9jk1pwmz_-uU_J7dkCm2oDiYe3P1aUa4vMOOlUSulgsXImGhAzm-wGzV4EdXj64XEJMu5veOL_QumPDID_0h4IJdvzW579no_tm8tM8/s320/lung-cancer-s20-photo-of-no-smoking-sign.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">Lung
cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths for men and women. But if you
don’t smoke and you avoid other people’s smoke, that will greatly lower your
odds of getting it. If you smoke, do whatever it takes to quit. It often takes
several tries to kick the habit, so keep trying. It’s worth it, and will
benefit your whole body.</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Erwinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12982580847034408349noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7218369765904264317.post-47613396983768989962016-12-28T20:31:00.001+07:002016-12-28T20:35:18.753+07:00Colorectal Cancer<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2zkPCKeHT_sKl2BWrASIdyk0n0b52dWwdEA8XmW_N738L8sdd2ytYVAH-95F58IJw79-IOLyGG5YOZS8dI_eKUyc9TfFeU67z2y6qdgyqSn6zjmUcHmIYYe2pXyVLihw4DLfJo42pAUg/s1600/colorectal_cancer_s1_illustartion_of_colon.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="271" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2zkPCKeHT_sKl2BWrASIdyk0n0b52dWwdEA8XmW_N738L8sdd2ytYVAH-95F58IJw79-IOLyGG5YOZS8dI_eKUyc9TfFeU67z2y6qdgyqSn6zjmUcHmIYYe2pXyVLihw4DLfJo42pAUg/s400/colorectal_cancer_s1_illustartion_of_colon.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Colorectal cancer is the third most common non-skin cancer diagnosed in men
and women in the U.S. It is also the second highest cause of cancer deaths.
Still, colorectal cancer is highly curable when it is detected early enough.
Colorectal cancer is a result of cancer cells that form in the lining of the
colon (large intestine) or rectum.</span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG5hvXXhNmEka5Ku49i6984P2rYh3UD6NLBS6rIZrZrDDn8BrsHdJ6Ii_R-FkadHLAXL_Gh9_ZM-hh8sV7BnsiU7q8hQw0SY-dCbydA6V5slHuhO-haqkpc-JcTMIY8YxHGFKQHwob6XA/s1600/colorectal_cancer_s2_colon_lining.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG5hvXXhNmEka5Ku49i6984P2rYh3UD6NLBS6rIZrZrDDn8BrsHdJ6Ii_R-FkadHLAXL_Gh9_ZM-hh8sV7BnsiU7q8hQw0SY-dCbydA6V5slHuhO-haqkpc-JcTMIY8YxHGFKQHwob6XA/s200/colorectal_cancer_s2_colon_lining.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Colorectal cancer often begins as a benign growth known as a polyp. Adenomas
are a type of polyp and are benign tumors of the tissue lining the colon or
rectum. Most polyps will stay benign, but some adenomas have the potential to
turn into cancer over the long term. If they are removed early, this prevents
them from turning in to cancer.</span></span><br />
<br />
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Some risk
factors for getting colorectal cancer are beyond your control. The following
all increase the risk of getting colorectal cancer:</span></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Inflammatory
bowel disease</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Colon
polyps</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Age
over 50</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Family
history of colorectal cancer</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">History
of breast or ovarian cancer</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNWD4S9hK4KikbczVnJys99BbcZLg4SC1cgO9Sba3Crg8qOBTtqlOjECtuORP-qzI8ZAUmvlGyDjKSmAC7rxw0CXNz-CgFSJZmNIJQud4buzTPBExcJrPBkJgHk1sHK2mZ_CJdvylp7Is/s1600/colorectal_cancer_s4_man_holding_huge_hamburger.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNWD4S9hK4KikbczVnJys99BbcZLg4SC1cgO9Sba3Crg8qOBTtqlOjECtuORP-qzI8ZAUmvlGyDjKSmAC7rxw0CXNz-CgFSJZmNIJQud4buzTPBExcJrPBkJgHk1sHK2mZ_CJdvylp7Is/s200/colorectal_cancer_s4_man_holding_huge_hamburger.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">However,
there are other risk factors for colorectal cancer that you can control. The
following risk factors can be modified:</span></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Eating
a diet high in red or processed meat, or eating meat cooked at high
temperatures</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Overweight
or obesity</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Inadequate
exercise</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Cigarette
smoking</span></span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></h3>
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</h4>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b>Warning Signs of Colorectal Cancer </b></span></i></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Screening is
important because colorectal cancer in its early stages usually doesn't produce
any symptoms. Screening can detect the cancer before it produces symptoms, when
it is most curable. After the disease begins to spread, it can produce blood in
the stool, changes in bowel patterns (like diarrhea or constipation), abdominal
pain, weight loss, or fatigue. Tumors that cause symptoms are typically larger
and harder to treat.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span>
</div>
<h4>
<i><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></h4>
<h4>
<i><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Screening for Colorectal Cancer</b> </span></span></span></i></h4>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirTigFoXdc2Cmu8l12LAssg051J3voUTwwptIiiCRn4tDKRW1f_LhuA6SkK1pINXu1dKKlC8NQqyc9xxwaeLsxW7vKeuiWzIbaxiMFGMBbMp0xG0LKyWBmGxk0Lri5mHWvN3H35CExook/s1600/colorectal_cancer_s6_removal.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirTigFoXdc2Cmu8l12LAssg051J3voUTwwptIiiCRn4tDKRW1f_LhuA6SkK1pINXu1dKKlC8NQqyc9xxwaeLsxW7vKeuiWzIbaxiMFGMBbMp0xG0LKyWBmGxk0Lri5mHWvN3H35CExook/s200/colorectal_cancer_s6_removal.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">It is recommended that most people have a screening colonoscopy every 10
years starting at age 50. A colonoscopy allows examination of the entire colon
and rectum using a tiny camera. This test can find cancers in the early, most
treatable stage and actually prevent cancers from developing by removing
polyps, as shown here.</span></span><br />
<br />
<h3>
<i><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></i></h3>
<h3>
<i><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">What Is a Virtual Colonoscopy ? </span></span></i></h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCcug7uE9P3oS75cx9SRzdS9rP0N_XOiISbKDIU_RzG0zIcpUFfh3eVO5CSSgTkxspTGUw2ox5B74nsreLonhrpgvuv-WSSrbvttONcfCohUyQieVZc2jIWwPhut0eh6IP0QrJLgpVQQk/s1600/colorectal_cancer_s7_ctscan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCcug7uE9P3oS75cx9SRzdS9rP0N_XOiISbKDIU_RzG0zIcpUFfh3eVO5CSSgTkxspTGUw2ox5B74nsreLonhrpgvuv-WSSrbvttONcfCohUyQieVZc2jIWwPhut0eh6IP0QrJLgpVQQk/s200/colorectal_cancer_s7_ctscan.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">An alternative to colonoscopy uses CT scan images to visualize the colon.
This is known as a virtual colonoscopy. As with a conventional colonoscopy, the
colon must be emptied as thoroughly as possible prior to the examination. In
virtual colonoscopy, polyps or tumors are visualized without inserting the
camera into the intestine. One disadvantage is that a virtual colonoscopy can
only identify and not remove any polyps that are found. A real colonoscopy is
needed to remove polyps that may be identified.</span></span><br />
<br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i> </i></span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Colon X-Rays (Lower GI)</i> </span></span></h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG1DpgLXpELc0LZERQuSst-aKOmWivuwzIrt3gmflGJ2q0_nfh1PkC_vRK0cmf8a3E2UbKZwU23yaHPvJpoNA4ZbNH9Pc46sPJeCDlQsCru86MhTFOM5JE51oj0hbVYg96PL2vgniQoTM/s1600/colorectal_cancer_s8_colon_xray.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG1DpgLXpELc0LZERQuSst-aKOmWivuwzIrt3gmflGJ2q0_nfh1PkC_vRK0cmf8a3E2UbKZwU23yaHPvJpoNA4ZbNH9Pc46sPJeCDlQsCru86MhTFOM5JE51oj0hbVYg96PL2vgniQoTM/s200/colorectal_cancer_s8_colon_xray.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">An X-ray of the colon, known as a lower GI series, can provide another way
to image the colon and rectum. A chalky liquid known as barium is used as a
contrast agent. This photo shows an example of an "apple core" tumor
that narrows the colon. As with a virtual colonoscopy, a real colonoscopy or
other surgical procedure would be needed to remove any tumors or polyps that
may be found.</span></span><br />
<br />
<h3>
<i><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></i></h3>
<h3>
<i><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis</span></span></i></h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">If there are abnormalities seen in your colon or rectum, a biopsy is done to
determine whether cancer is present. This can be done during a colonoscopy. The
tissue is examined microscopically to look for cancer cells. This picture shows
a highly magnified view of colon cancer cells.</span></span><br />
<br />
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<i><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></i></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<i><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Colorectal Cancer Staging</b></span></span></i></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPuoiB_mbf6HHk9ez0brhGHKswiSWHsIellxxTKocIRsO5W0dZnnaf-5CScNJ9YvRWbAI6msHAvrG8ReS9LB3QU-WeIamtb7P8Z2jWiYhtHObdfavajNAmrxKEWNt7qjwy0zRrrI_jipE/s1600/colorectal_cancer_s10_colorectal_cancer_stages.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="271" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPuoiB_mbf6HHk9ez0brhGHKswiSWHsIellxxTKocIRsO5W0dZnnaf-5CScNJ9YvRWbAI6msHAvrG8ReS9LB3QU-WeIamtb7P8Z2jWiYhtHObdfavajNAmrxKEWNt7qjwy0zRrrI_jipE/s400/colorectal_cancer_s10_colorectal_cancer_stages.jpg" width="400" /></a></b></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Staging is
the process of determining how far a tumor has spread beyond its original
location. Staging may not be related to the size of the tumor. Treatment
decisions also depend upon the stage of a tumor. Staging for colorectal cancer
is as follows:</span></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Stage 0
– The cancer is found only in the innermost lining of the rectum or colon.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Stage I
– The cancer has not spread beyond the inner wall of the rectum or colon.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Stage
II – The cancer has spread into the muscle layer of the rectum or colon.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Stage
III – The cancer has spread to at least one lymph node in the area.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Stage
IV – The cancer has spread to distant sites in the body, such as the
bones, liver, or lungs. This stage is NOT dependent on how far the tumor
has penetrated or if the cancer has spread to lymph nodes near the tumor. </span></span></li>
</ul>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<i><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Survival Rates for Colorectal Cancer</span></span></i></h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Higher stages mean that a cancer is more serious and has a worse prognosis.
Patients with stage I colorectal cancer have a 5-year survival rate of 74%,
while that rate drops to 6% for Stage IV tumors.</span></span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<i><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Colorectal Cancer Surgery</span></span></i></h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM_wh0vOH-rnx1d71y6b1ipJrMLO78icTo553yNWu2zpHL_oqlKpbrRGwmCUqvrPbCgl6OWqbbuFzDnxbwhfGBgF6lLAMygt4EAXe4T3bE6x8bDJ3lU5aBwhhZiRr64dZ60x2ep-TtalM/s1600/colorectal_cancer_s12_colon_cancer_removal.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM_wh0vOH-rnx1d71y6b1ipJrMLO78icTo553yNWu2zpHL_oqlKpbrRGwmCUqvrPbCgl6OWqbbuFzDnxbwhfGBgF6lLAMygt4EAXe4T3bE6x8bDJ3lU5aBwhhZiRr64dZ60x2ep-TtalM/s200/colorectal_cancer_s12_colon_cancer_removal.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Except for very advanced cases, colorectal cancer is usually treated by
surgically removing the tumor and surrounding tissues. Surgery has a very high
cure rate for early stage tumors. For advanced tumors that have spread outside
the colon, surgery does not typically cure the condition, but removing larger
tumors may reduce symptoms.</span></span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<i><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Advanced Colorectal Cancer Treatment </span></span></i></h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIVSG6h2MP9MiQmz3U6s7D3HOhRltO7rT1RJXrV-MAHauzAlYuIYnHuE-N4qCXuLrTYH74CVax9MC6xuGleeGzMdwhC_OhecX3YaLggEc4J0oIMZh2JkAVf1Xb0rXkTfw81dTXypi-1r4/s1600/colorectal_cancer_s13_man_undergoing_scan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIVSG6h2MP9MiQmz3U6s7D3HOhRltO7rT1RJXrV-MAHauzAlYuIYnHuE-N4qCXuLrTYH74CVax9MC6xuGleeGzMdwhC_OhecX3YaLggEc4J0oIMZh2JkAVf1Xb0rXkTfw81dTXypi-1r4/s200/colorectal_cancer_s13_man_undergoing_scan.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Colorectal cancer that has spread to the lymph nodes (stage III) can
sometimes still be cured. In this case treatment usually consists of surgery
and chemotherapy for colon cancer. In cases of rectal cancer, radiation therapy
is added both prior to and following surgery in more advanced cases. Cancers
that return after treatment or spread to other organs are harder to treat and
more difficult to cure, but treatments may relieve symptoms and prolong life.</span></span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<i><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Coping With Chemotherapy</span></span></i></h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXgnd7-lt6M8AxzHa32IeBhAsGyycS3mbf3Ur06l2gfM0gl3srnkTk8fLQNuFXLpynpMBxKz4A3Z8BgsO0znDZlh67JrkkTO9MZKemt8FrupJCmsMmNMlHgMVi3LVEESpYnqwpIVUpbGc/s1600/colorectal_cancer_s14_man_hand_chemoport.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXgnd7-lt6M8AxzHa32IeBhAsGyycS3mbf3Ur06l2gfM0gl3srnkTk8fLQNuFXLpynpMBxKz4A3Z8BgsO0znDZlh67JrkkTO9MZKemt8FrupJCmsMmNMlHgMVi3LVEESpYnqwpIVUpbGc/s200/colorectal_cancer_s14_man_hand_chemoport.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Modern chemotherapy drugs are less likely to cause nausea and other
troubling side effects than older drugs, and medications are also available to
help control these side effects. Clinical trials are always underway to develop
better and more tolerable chemotherapy drugs.</span></span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<i><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Radiofrequency Ablation</span></span></i></h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2VinmRF6fKHW16qTYAeaIVgn_iZ3eCfoN9M0pNB3WhcIXeHw-vQoj2_XLzyekwoTHSAs9h8xHOHpgot-rYcxHV9_SaKJf4ebEXXOkmEBY_mpU71n0jZgKMEtQGWacGKyurt7fxmgte7c/s1600/colorectal_cancer_s15_long_needle.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2VinmRF6fKHW16qTYAeaIVgn_iZ3eCfoN9M0pNB3WhcIXeHw-vQoj2_XLzyekwoTHSAs9h8xHOHpgot-rYcxHV9_SaKJf4ebEXXOkmEBY_mpU71n0jZgKMEtQGWacGKyurt7fxmgte7c/s200/colorectal_cancer_s15_long_needle.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a kind of cancer treatment that uses heat
to destroy tumor tissue. CT scanning is used to guide insertion of a
needle-like device into the tumor, through which intense heat is applied. RFA
can be an option for destroying tumors that cannot be removed by surgery. In
patients who have a few metastatic tumors in the liver that cannot be removed
by surgery, chemotherapy is sometimes combined with RFA to destroy the tumors.</span></span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></h3>
<h3>
<i><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Colorectal Cancer Prevention: </span></span></i></h3>
<h3 style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Diet</span></span></h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZ54veK_uPfjMh3G-yyYcCRaEO-LCRANFADzwr_dQBWCH4LDFwyFMXWtyunNLcgSiXMClrnMiJZQC36cdMLj4Nu4t-7qwbK9VhT6g_Dn1TXIAGYUvfeRi-u5t0-CiLZMxmH6mFxI788XQ/s1600/colorectal_cancer_s16_man_making_salad.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZ54veK_uPfjMh3G-yyYcCRaEO-LCRANFADzwr_dQBWCH4LDFwyFMXWtyunNLcgSiXMClrnMiJZQC36cdMLj4Nu4t-7qwbK9VhT6g_Dn1TXIAGYUvfeRi-u5t0-CiLZMxmH6mFxI788XQ/s200/colorectal_cancer_s16_man_making_salad.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Eating a nutritious diet, getting enough
exercise, and controlling body fat could prevent 45% of colorectal cancers,
according to researchers. This means that adopting a healthy lifestyle can
dramatically lower your risk of getting colorectal cancer. The National Cancer
Institute recommends a diet low in fat with plenty of fiber and at least five
servings of fruits and vegetables each day.</span></span></div>
<h3 style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Exercise</span></span></h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhddudRD8K41nGhxCb8J3EaZ5B10kIJKBVA-o8gP3a96290TL8UEm-kbZowtbC_FeN38T7O5QPghHpdEBL8cXSzMMw0I8lKXwLhpC7dT_5ZQ0DhI6og6R1OyT8t_tP13BKTweI0TfTVE8Y/s1600/colorectal_cancer_s17_woman_stretching.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhddudRD8K41nGhxCb8J3EaZ5B10kIJKBVA-o8gP3a96290TL8UEm-kbZowtbC_FeN38T7O5QPghHpdEBL8cXSzMMw0I8lKXwLhpC7dT_5ZQ0DhI6og6R1OyT8t_tP13BKTweI0TfTVE8Y/s200/colorectal_cancer_s17_woman_stretching.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">One study showed that people who got the most
physical exercise were 24% less likely to get colorectal cancer than their
least active counterparts. There was no difference if this activity was related
to work or recreation. The American Cancer Society recommends at least 30
minutes of exercise a day for 5 or more days a week.</span></span></div>
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<br />
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<br />
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Erwinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12982580847034408349noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7218369765904264317.post-21357101818422765212015-01-30T10:35:00.001+07:002016-12-31T09:55:05.855+07:00Cervical Cancer<!--[if !mso]>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Cervical
cancer occurs when abnormal cells develop and spread in the cervix, the lower
part of the uterus. A unique fact about cervical cancer is that most cases are triggered by a
type of virus. When found early, cervical cancer is highly curable</span></span></div>
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<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Symptoms of Cervical Cancer</i></span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">When cervical cells first become abnormal, there are rarely
any warning signs. As the cancer progresses, symptoms may include:</span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Unusual
vaginal discharge</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Vaginal
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Bleeding
after menopause</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Bleeding
or pain during sex</span></span></li>
</ul>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Top Cause of Cervical Cancer: HPV</i></span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a
large group of viruses. About 40 types can infect the genital areas, and some
have high risk for cervical cancer. Genital HPV infections usually clear up on
their own. If one becomes chronic, it can cause changes in the cells of the
cervix. And it's these changes that may lead to cancer. Worldwide, over 90% of
cervical cancers are caused by an HPV infection.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</h4>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEYay5p1PWVb79LhWe9LQnadJVB_-OMdwQf140tiLF4XvVPce7WUnnKnYrNiAP2DVTP1FAjJ42I9ol-hnvF4sP02UITGC-HJcJvDBMHaoDmvAxPmVjNIM0lj-9vmJAUQOvPmKjG2WcAkI/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_hpv_wart.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEYay5p1PWVb79LhWe9LQnadJVB_-OMdwQf140tiLF4XvVPce7WUnnKnYrNiAP2DVTP1FAjJ42I9ol-hnvF4sP02UITGC-HJcJvDBMHaoDmvAxPmVjNIM0lj-9vmJAUQOvPmKjG2WcAkI/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_hpv_wart.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</h4>
<br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Symptoms of
HPV</span></span></h4>
<br />
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">HPV
infections usually have no symptoms and go away on their own. Some types of the
HPV virus may cause genital warts, but these are not the same strains linked to
cervical cancer. It's important to note that genital warts will not turn into
cancer, even if they are not treated. The dangerous types of HPV can stay in
the body for years without causing any symptoms.</span></span></h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Who Is at Risk for HPV?</span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">HPV is so common that most people who have ever had sex --
both women and men -- will get the virus at some point in life. Because HPV can
linger quietly, it's possible to carry the infection even if it has been years
since you had sex. Condoms can lower your risk of getting HPV, but they do not
fully protect against the virus. HPV is also linked to cancers of the vulva,
vagina, penis, and to anal and oral cancers in both sexes.</span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">How HPV Causes Cervical Cancer</span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">If one of the high-risk strains of HPV lingers in the body,
it can cause abnormal cells to develop in the cervix. These precancerous changes
do not mean that you have cervical cancer. But over time, the abnormal
cells may give way to cancer cells. Once cancer appears, it tends to spread in
the cervix and surrounding areas.</span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">What Else Raises Your Risk?</span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hispanic and African-American women have higher rates of
cervical cancer than white women. The risk is also higher in infected women
who:</span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smoke</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Have
many children</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Use
birth control pills for a long time</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Are
HIV positive or have a weakened immune system</span></span></li>
</ul>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
</h4>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIG3WlXrYaRRpPizvnvalphPNANx7i6u1PSPzlNEj_gGoLTzpQJo_Byw_nhd3Bn-IQXzNAe5xO4CNV4ZqYrqVZJ9ZjhQ9nBfGLLMtmxKcorRGcfZ56pkmUeS1Fg9mUNWGudLldG-iyFqM/s1600/phototake_rm_photo_of_pap_smear_test.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIG3WlXrYaRRpPizvnvalphPNANx7i6u1PSPzlNEj_gGoLTzpQJo_Byw_nhd3Bn-IQXzNAe5xO4CNV4ZqYrqVZJ9ZjhQ9nBfGLLMtmxKcorRGcfZ56pkmUeS1Fg9mUNWGudLldG-iyFqM/s1600/phototake_rm_photo_of_pap_smear_test.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span></h4>
<br />
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Early
Detection: Pap Test</span></span></h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>The
Pap test is one of the great success stories in early detection. A swab of the
cervix can reveal abnormal cells, often before cancer appears. At age 21, women
should start having a Pap test every three years. From age 30 to 65, women who
get both a Pap test and an HPV test can go up to five years between testing.
But women at higher risk may need testing more often, so it's best to check
with your doctor. Skipping tests raises your risk for invasive cervical cancer.</span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Of
note: You'll still need Pap tests after getting the HPV vaccine because it
doesn't prevent all cervical cancers.</span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div style="margin-left: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">What
If Your Pap Test Is Abnormal?</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 0.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMSYJAFDQjn8dcLHVZI7fEnvC581psZpjXlfj9VHL6ZuOsNvgJxG1q0GF-gMkXW5958OiommCshl9lwRLbhiksgZviiWpBtmqFNVcb-rlgSY_S9kHzCkeNdYsoKtSm6GEMmntkexYhN_4/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_micrograph_of_pap_smear.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMSYJAFDQjn8dcLHVZI7fEnvC581psZpjXlfj9VHL6ZuOsNvgJxG1q0GF-gMkXW5958OiommCshl9lwRLbhiksgZviiWpBtmqFNVcb-rlgSY_S9kHzCkeNdYsoKtSm6GEMmntkexYhN_4/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_micrograph_of_pap_smear.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
</h4>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span></h4>
<br />
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<div style="margin-left: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">If test results show a minor abnormality, you may
need a repeat Pap test. Your doctor may schedule a colposcopy -- an exam with a
lighted magnifying device -- to get a better look at any changes in the
cervical tissue and also take a sample to be examined under a microscope. If
abnormal cells are precancerous, they can then be removed or destroyed.
Treatments are highly successful in preventing precancerous cells from
developing into cancer.</span></span><br />
<br />
</h4>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0dSFYkFrUVEM6dyVOYaBjZUjMRE72j00BOhs6AlZ80Lr7IkCbeKx39a-PzdA_UgeOJD98VnPqEw2PVi_iaVvSzG4UKCYDp7QCfu6-ibaif250bLkjQYu049tOBhZlzGnq0csSliFugIA/s1600/getty_rm_photo_of_dna_analysis.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0dSFYkFrUVEM6dyVOYaBjZUjMRE72j00BOhs6AlZ80Lr7IkCbeKx39a-PzdA_UgeOJD98VnPqEw2PVi_iaVvSzG4UKCYDp7QCfu6-ibaif250bLkjQYu049tOBhZlzGnq0csSliFugIA/s1600/getty_rm_photo_of_dna_analysis.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span></h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div style="margin-left: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Early Detection: HPV
DNA Test</span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div style="margin-left: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">In some
cases, doctors may offer the option of the HPV DNA test in addition to a Pap
test. This test checks for the presence of high-risk forms of HPV. It may be
used in combination with a Pap test to screen for cervical cancer in women over
30. It may also be recommended for a woman of any age after an abnormal Pap
test result.</span></span></h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Diagnosing Cervical Cancer: </span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ø<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Biopsy</span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">A biopsy involves the removal of cervical tissue for
examination in a lab. A pathologist will check the tissue sample for abnormal
changes, precancerous cells, and cancer cells. In most cases, a biopsy takes
place in a doctor's office during a colposcopy. A cone biopsy allows the
pathologist to check for abnormal cells beneath the surface of the cervix, but
this test may require anesthesia.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
</h4>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6WoXOFgfWjKH6Uc_EPvy-uN2Ro1doHV07v-bdM79RCymzSow8Ms0hCWdQXhuP59t9YoFfscCZJ0g7jNSHxebJ7xH_ZiWkcFI6B17munmTlyHtTOikFYoz2a5XY68nykOH0yFzV3tCZC4/s1600/webmd_rf_photo_of_illustration_of_cervical_cancer_stages.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6WoXOFgfWjKH6Uc_EPvy-uN2Ro1doHV07v-bdM79RCymzSow8Ms0hCWdQXhuP59t9YoFfscCZJ0g7jNSHxebJ7xH_ZiWkcFI6B17munmTlyHtTOikFYoz2a5XY68nykOH0yFzV3tCZC4/s1600/webmd_rf_photo_of_illustration_of_cervical_cancer_stages.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span></h4>
<br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Stages of Cervical Cancer</span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Stage 0 describes cancer cells found only on the surface of
the cervix. More invasive cancers are separated into four stages. </span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Stage I is when the cancer has not spread beyond the cervix.
</span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Stage II means the tumor has spread to the upper part of the
vagina. </span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Stage III tumor extends to the lower part of the vagina and
may block urine flow. </span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Stage IV, the tumor has reached the bladder or rectum, or
cancer cells have spread to other parts of the body and formed new tumors.</span></span><br />
<br />
</div>
</h4>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dyxBrfOxs610_Au_ze5jgfYdR1SiLJQGdQML9BjHnLNqmrJmRK0BUY97Pl2DhnB4XiIHv0zdKWibyi1yIM5' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Treatment: </span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ø<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Surgery</span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">If the cancer has not progressed past Stage II, surgery is
usually recommended to remove any tissue that might contain cancer. Typically
this involves a hysterectomy, the removal of the cervix and uterus as well as
some of the surrounding tissue. The surgeon may also remove the fallopian
tubes, ovaries, and lymph nodes near the tumor.</span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ø<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Radiation</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<br /></div>
</h4>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<h4>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span></h4>
<h4>
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<br /></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">External radiation therapy uses high-energy X-rays to kill
cancer cells in a targeted area. It can also help destroy any remaining cancer
cells after surgery. Internal radiation, or brachytherapy, uses radioactive
material that is inserted into the tumor. Women with cervical cancer are often
treated with a combination of radiation and chemotherapy. Side effects can
include low blood cell counts, feeling tired, upset stomach, nausea, vomiting,
and loose stools.</span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ø<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Chemotherapy</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<br /></div>
</h4>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<h4>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span></h4>
<h4>
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<br /></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Chemotherapy uses drugs to reach cancer wherever it is in
the body. When cervical cancer has spread to distant organs, chemotherapy may
be the main treatment option. Depending on the specific drugs and dosages, side
effects may include fatigue, bruising easily, hair loss, nausea, vomiting, and
loss of appetite.</span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Coping With Cancer Treatments</span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Cancer treatments may make you tired or uninterested in
food. But it's important to take in enough calories to maintain a healthy
weight. Check with a dietitian for tips on eating well during cancer treatment.
Staying active is also important. Gentle exercise can increase your energy
while reducing nausea and stress. Check with your doctor to find out which
activities are appropriate for you.</span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Cervical Cancer and Fertility</span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Treatment for cervical cancer often involves removing the
uterus and may also involve removing the ovaries, ruling out a future pregnancy<i>.</i>
However, if the cancer is caught very early, you still may be able to have
children after surgical treatment. A procedure called a radical trachelectomy
can remove the cervix and part of the vagina while leaving the majority of the
uterus intact.</span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Survival Rates for Cervical Cancer</span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The odds of surviving cervical cancer are tied to how early
it's found. Almost 68% of women overall will survive for at least five years
after diagnosis. But statistics don't predict how well any one individual will
respond to treatment.</span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Vaccine to Help Prevent Cervical
Cancer</span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Vaccines are now available to ward off the two types of HPV
most strongly linked to cervical cancer. Both Cervarix and Gardasil require
three doses over a six-month period. Studies suggest the vaccines are effective
at preventing chronic infections with the two types of HPV that cause 70% of
cervical cancers. Gardasil also protects against two types of HPV that
cause genital wart</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
</h4>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5LNJi5TeBDQUIw8UrEC9eVgxszkW0_U9C-jfkraeJvHrvoPiUb_ZeMTSCVPyjFD5NJQdaReAuB7LKnnwDoqcO7IFem5sulT_IQgWyA8vgdxKeTJ897mP5NFIBr_sG4xRKM-yLnNAUpvE/s1600/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_woman_getting_injection.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5LNJi5TeBDQUIw8UrEC9eVgxszkW0_U9C-jfkraeJvHrvoPiUb_ZeMTSCVPyjFD5NJQdaReAuB7LKnnwDoqcO7IFem5sulT_IQgWyA8vgdxKeTJ897mP5NFIBr_sG4xRKM-yLnNAUpvE/s1600/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_woman_getting_injection.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span></h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Who Should Get the HPV Vaccine?</span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The vaccines are only used to prevent, not treat, HPV
infection. They are most effective if administered before an individual becomes
sexually active. The CDC recommends boys and girls get an HPV vaccine series
when they are 11 or 12. </span></span></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
</h4>
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
</h4>
Erwinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12982580847034408349noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7218369765904264317.post-14387111009893569912014-05-14T19:08:00.000+07:002014-05-14T19:08:38.010+07:00Hepatitis Virus Akut<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Hepatitis</span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"> adalah suatu
proses peradangan difus pada jaringan hati yang menimbulkan gejala klinis yang
khas yaitu badan lemah, kencing berwarna seperti teh pekat, mata dan seluruh
badan menjadi kuning.</span></span></div>
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<span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"></span>
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<span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Berdasarkan
penyebabnya, hepatitis dapat dibagi atas :</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Hepatitis oleh <span style="color: orange;">virus</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Hepatitis oleh <span style="color: orange;">bakteri</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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</span></span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Hepatitis oleh <span style="color: orange;">obat-obatan</span></span></span></div>
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<span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Sedangkan
berdasarkan perjalanan penyakitnya, hepatitis dapat dibagi atas :</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"></span></div>
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</span></span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Hepatitis<span style="color: orange;"><b> </b>akut</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Hepatitis <span style="color: orange;">kronis</span></span></span></div>
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<span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Hepatitis
viral akut</span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"> ialah
inflamasi hati akibat infeksi virus hepatitis yang berlangsung selama kurang
dari 6 bulan.<br />
</span></span><span class="CharAttribute10"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"><i>The clinical
picture of viral hepatitis is extremely variable, ranging from asymptomatic
infection without jaundice to a fulminating disease.</i><br />
</span></span><span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Hepatitis
virus akut</span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"> adalah
penyakit infeksi virus hepatotropik yang bersifat sistemik dan akut –
berlangsung kurang dari 6 bulan.</span></span></div>
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<span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"><br />
Sebagian hepatitis akan sembuh sempurna, tetapi sebagian lain akan berkembang
menjadi kronis, sirosis atau karsinoma hati.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"></span></div>
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</span><span style="color: #ffe599;"><u><span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Etiologi</span></span></u></span></h3>
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<span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">
</span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Paling sedikit
ada 6 jenis virus penyebab hepatitis yaitu </span></span><span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">virus hepatitis A, B, C, D, E</span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"> Hepatitis A umumnya mengenai anak dan dewasa
muda sedangkan Hepatitis B sering mengenai dewasa muda, bayi dan balita.
Hepatitis C lebih sering mengenai orang dewasa.<br />
Hepatitis A lebih sering mengenai penderita dengan status sosioekonomi yang
buruk karena penularan virus ini terutama melalui jalur faecal oral.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"></span></div>
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<span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Patogenesis<br />
</span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Virus-virus
Hepatitis secara primer tidak bersifat sitopatik (merusak) pada sel-sel hepar.
Gejala klinis yang disebabkan oleh infeksi virus ini disebabkan oleh respons
imun penderita terhadap infeksi tersebut.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #ffe599;"><u><span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Patofisiologi</span></span></u></span></h3>
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<span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"><br />
1. Patofisiologi<span style="color: orange;"> Ikterus</span><br />
</span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCuXWQOKN0nbTgSxwrUaHdlW7b6BRwqJaNx6W9H43cr5Ucw3JjdOoFX6w_wBXgJ4hsUQd5RDuJxYHQn_RUno_KUWXJmkI_xGiUIioxx3IpDSDHEGQNKnoUfHFDHD-U-0xOmXBEHv6NrFg/s1600/images.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCuXWQOKN0nbTgSxwrUaHdlW7b6BRwqJaNx6W9H43cr5Ucw3JjdOoFX6w_wBXgJ4hsUQd5RDuJxYHQn_RUno_KUWXJmkI_xGiUIioxx3IpDSDHEGQNKnoUfHFDHD-U-0xOmXBEHv6NrFg/s1600/images.jpg" height="135" width="200" /></a></span></span>Ikterus adalah
keadaan klinis di mana ditemukannya warna kuning pada kulit dan mukosa yang
disebabkan oleh pigmen empedu. Ikterus dapat diketahui bila kadar bilirubin
darah > 2 mg%.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
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<span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Metabolisme
Bilirubin<br />
</span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Bilirubin
merupakan produk dari pemecahan heme yang 80-85% berasal dari eritrosit matang
dan 15-20% dari produk heme lainnya seperti myoglobin, sitokrom.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"></span></div>
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<span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Proses
pemecahan heme terjadi dalam sel retikuloendotelial. Heme diubah menjadi
biliverdin melelui proses oksigenasi. Biliverdin oleh enzim biliverdin
reduktase diubah menjadi bilirubin.</span></span></div>
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<span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Bilirubin yang
beredar dalam plasma sebagian besar (90%) berada dalam bentuk
unconjungated/indirek. Bilirubin indirek akan berikatan dengan albumin lebih
kuat dibandingkan dengan bilirubin direk.</span></span></div>
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<span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Namun ikatan
ini tidak mutlak sehingga bila terdapat anion lain seperti Sulfonamide dan
Salisilat yang berkompetisi dengan bilirubin maka bilirubin ini akan beredar
bebas dalam darah dan memasuki jaringan tubuh lainnya seperti jaringan otak.</span></span></div>
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<span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Bilirubin
indirek melepaskan ikatannya dengan albumin lalu masuk ke dalam hati dan
terikat dengan ligandin. Di dalam hati terjadi perubahan bilirubin menjadi
bilirubin glukoronid oleh enzim glukoronosil transferase.</span></span></div>
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<span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Bakteri dalam
usus halus dan kolon mengubah bilirubin glukoronid menjadi urobilinogen, sebagian
diserap kembali dan akan melewati sirkulasi enterohepatik; sebagian lainnya
dikeluarkan melalui urin dan feses.<br />
Bilirubin direk mudah larut dalam air sehingga dapat difiltrasi melalui ginjal.</span></span></div>
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<h3>
<span style="color: #ffe599;"><u><span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Manifestasi
Klinis</span></span></u></span></h3>
<h3>
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1. Stadium <span style="color: orange;">praikterik</span><br />
</span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Berlangsung selama
4-7 hari. Pasien mengeluh sakit kepala, lemah, anoreksia, mual, muntah, demam,
nyeri pada otot, dan nyeri pada perut kanan atas. Urin menjadi lebih coklat.</span></span></div>
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<span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"><br />
</span></span><span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">2. Stadium
<span style="color: orange;">ikterik</span><br />
</span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Berlangsung
selama 3-6 minggu. Ikterus mula-mula terlihat pada sklera, kemudian pada kulit
seluruh tubuh. Keluhan-keluhan berkurang, tetapi pasien masih lemah, anoreksia,
dan muntah. Tinja mungkin berwarna kelabu atau kuning muda. Hati membesar dan
nyeri tekan.</span></span></div>
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<span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"><br />
</span></span><span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">3. Stadium<span style="color: orange;">
pascaikterik</span> (rekonvalesens)<br />
</span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Ikterus
mereda, warna urin dan tinja menjadi normal lagi.<br />
Apabila hepar sudah membesar pasien dapat mengeluh nyeri perut kanan atas
(perut ‘begah’).</span></span></div>
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<span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"><br />
Demam dengan suhu sekitar 38-39oC lebih sering ditemukan pada hepatitis A.
urine berwarna gelap (seperti air teh) dan feses berwarna tanah (clay-colored).
Dengan timbulnya gejala kuning/ikterus maka biasanya gejala prodromal
menghilang. Hepatomegali dapat disertai nyeri tekan.</span></span></div>
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<span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"><br />
Ikterik pada penderita terutama tampak pada wajah, batang tubuh dan sklera.
Ikterik pertama kali terlihat pada frenulum lingue namun yang biasa
diperhatikan pertama kali adalah sklera. Sklera mudah menyimpan bilirubin
karena terdiri atas banyak sekali serat-serat elastin.</span></span></div>
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<span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Mata kuning
adalah keluhan pertama yang dapat dilihat oleh penderita atau kerabatnya. Warna
kuning pada mata dapat memberikan gambaran kasar penyebab ikterus :</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Kuning : Prehepatik</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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</span></span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Kuning oranye : Hepatik</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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</span></span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Kuning kehijauan : Posthepatik</span></span></div>
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<u><span style="color: #ffe599;"><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Pemeriksaan Fisik</span></span></span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"></span></span></u></h3>
<h3>
<span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"></span></span></h3>
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<span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">
1. Kepala</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"></span></div>
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</span></span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Mata</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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</span></span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Mulut</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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</span></span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Leher</span></span></div>
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<span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Spider naevi
(spider telangiectasis, spider angioma, arterial spider) ditemukan pada
penyakit hati yang kronis, dijumpai pada daerah yang mendapatkan vaskularisasi
dari vena cava superior.</span></span></div>
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<span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"><br />
Lokasinya adalah pada muka, leher, lengan, punggung tangan, dada dan punggung
tetapi jarang terdapat di bawah garis yang menghubungkan kedua areola mammae.
Spider naevi tampak sebagai titik dengan serabut-serabut pembuluh darah yang
menyebar secara radier dengan diameter mulai seujung jarum sampai 0,5 cm.</span></span></div>
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<span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">2.Thoraks</span></span></div>
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<span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">3. Abdomen<br />
Inspeksi dartar lembut, jika terdapat asites akan tampak cembung.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"></span></div>
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</span></span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Hepatomegali</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Pada hepatitis
virus akut, terjadi pembesaran hepar yang bersifat kenyal, tepi tajam,
permukaan rata. Sedangkan pada sirosis, hepar dapat teraba atau tidak teraba.
Pada karsinoma, hepar membesar dan teraba keras dengan permukaan yang
berbenjol-benjol, tepi tidak rata, tumpul dan pada auskultasi terdengar hepatic
bruit.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"></span></div>
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</span></span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Pembesaran Lien</span></span></div>
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<span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">4. Ekstremitas</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"></span></div>
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</span></span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Edema</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Edema dapat
dijumpai pada penderita penyakit hati kronis. Penimbunan cairan pada penyakit
hati dimulai dari rongga perut (asites) lalu diikuti tempat-tempat lainnya.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"></span></div>
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</span></span></span><span style="color: orange;"><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Clubbing</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Clubbing biasa
dijumpai pada penyakit-penyakit kronis. Pada hepatitis akut tidak ditemukan.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"></span></div>
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</span></span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Sianosis dapat ditemukan pada penderita sirosis dengan kegagalan hati
akibat penurunan dari kejenuhan O2 dalam arteri.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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</span></span></span></span><span style="color: orange;"><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Eritema Palmaris</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Eritema
palmaris (liver palms) yaitu salah satu kelainan yang dapat dijumpai pada
penderita kegagalan hati. Tangan penderita akan tampak merah tua dan teraba
panas (hangat) terutama pada hipotenar, tenar dan pada jari.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"></span></div>
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</span></span></span></span><span style="color: orange;"><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Liver Nail (White Nail)</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #ffe599;"><u><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Kriteria
Diagnosis</span></span></u></span></h3>
<h3>
<span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"></span></span></h3>
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<span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">
</span></span><span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">The key
features for diagnosis are :</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Mual, anoreksia, malaise, urin gelap</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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</span></span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Ikterus</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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</span></span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Hepatomegali yang kenyal dan nyeri tekan</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Peningkatan SGOT dan SGPT (SGPT > SGOT) lebih dari 3 kali nilai
normal.</span></span></div>
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<span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Diagnosis
Banding</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Hepatitis Akibat Obat</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Hepatitis Alkoholik</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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</span></span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Penyakit Saluran Empedu</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Leptospirosis</span></span></div>
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<span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">1. Ikterus
Prehepatik<br />
</span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Ikterus
prehepatik ini adalah akibat proses hemolisis eritrosit yang berlebihan,
gangguan konjungasi bilirubin dan gangguan up-take bilirubin.<br />
Didapatkan keluhan mata (sklera) berwarna kuning. BAB (buang air besar) dan BAK (buang air kecil) tak ada kelainan.
Keluhan gatal dan nyeri tekan tidak ada.</span></span></div>
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<span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"><br />
</span></span><span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">2. Ikterus
Hepatik</span></span></div>
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<span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"><br />
3. Ikterus Posthepatik</span></span></div>
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<h3>
<span style="color: #ffe599;"><span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"><u>Pemeriksaan
Penunjang</u></span></span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"></span></span></h3>
<br />
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<span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">
</span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Terdapat dua
pemeriksaan penting untuk mendiagnosis hepatitis, yaitu tes awal untuk
mengkonfirmasi adanya peradangan akut pada hati dan tes yang bertujuan untuk
mengetahui etiologi dari peradangan akut tersebut.</span></span></div>
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<span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"><br />
Diagnosis hepatitis biasanya ditegakkan dengan pemeriksaan tes fungsi hati,
khususnya alanin amino transferase (ALT=SGPT), aspartat amino transferase
(AST=SGOT). Bila perlu ditambah dengan pemeriksaan bilirubin. Alkali fosfatase
kurang bermakna karena kadarnya meningkat pada anak yang sedang mengalami
pertumbuhan.</span></span></div>
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<span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"><br />
Kadar transaminase (SGOT/SGPT) mulai meningkat pada masa prodromal dan mencapai
puncak pada saat timbulnya ikterus. Peninggian kadar SGOT dan SGPT yang
menunjukkan adanya kerusakan sel-sel hati adalah 50-2.000 IU/ml. Terjadi
peningkatan bilirubin total serum (berkisar antara 5-20 mg/dL).</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Tinja akolis
mungkin dijumpai sebelum timbul ikterus. Penurunan aktivitas transaminase
diikuti penurunan kadar bilirubin. Bilirubinuria dapat negatif sebelum
bilirubin darah normal. Kadar alkali fosfatase mungkin hanya sedikit meningkat.
Gamma GT dapat meningkat pada hepatitis dengan kolestasis.</span></span></div>
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<span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"><br />
Jenis virus penyebab hepatitis akut didiagnosis dengan petanda virus yaitu IgM
anti¬HAV, IgM anti HBc dan dapat dilengkapi dengan HBsAg.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"></span></div>
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<span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Bila terdapat
riwayat transfusi darah, pemakaian obat-obatan narkoba, atau ada risiko infeksi
vertikal dapat dilakukan pemeriksaan anti-HCV, IgM anti-HDV diperiksa pada
kasus hepatitis B kronik. Bila dicurigai pasien menderita hepatitis E,
dilakukan pemeriksaan </span></span><span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">IgM anti-HEV.</span></span></div>
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<span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"><br />
IgM anti-HAV</span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"> yang
meningkat menunjukkan hepatitis A akut. Sedangkan makna petanda virus untuk
hepatitis B adalah sebagai berikut:<br />
</span></span><span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">• <span style="color: orange;">HBsAg</span>,</span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"> tanda mengidap virus hepatitis B (hepatitis
akut, hepatitis kronis, sirosis, hepatoma, karier)<br />
</span></span><span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">•<span style="color: orange;"> Anti-HBs</span>,</span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"> umumnya tanda sembuh dan kekebalan seumtu hidup
terhadap reinfeksi hepatitis B<br />
</span></span><span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">• <span style="color: orange;">HBeAg</span> dan
<span style="color: orange;">DNA VHB</span>,</span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"> tanda bahwa
replikasi virus hepatitis B aktif dan daya tularnya tinggi, muncul sebelum
timbulnya gejala dan kurang lebih bersamaan waktunya dengan terdeteksinya HBsAg<br />
</span></span><span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">• <span style="color: orange;">Serokonversi
dari HBeAg menjadi anti-HBe</span></span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"> adalah tanda remisi; replikasi virus tidak aktif<br />
</span></span><span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">• <span style="color: orange;">IgG anti-HBc</span></span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">, tanda sedang atau pernah terinfeksi, bisa
menetap dalam kadar rendah seumur hidup<br />
</span></span><span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">•<span style="color: orange;"> IgM
anti-HBc</span>,</span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"> tanda infeksi
akut atau kronis aktif. Setelah fase akut, IgM anti-HBc turun dengan lambat,
tetapi marker replikasi virus -HBeAg dan HBV DNA- tetap dapat dideteksi,
sedangkan anti-HBe dan anti-HBs biasanya belum dapat dideteksi.<br />
Biopsi hati (bila faal hati tidak kembali normal setelah 6 bulan).</span></span></div>
<div class="ParaAttribute1">
<br /></div>
<br />
<h3>
<span style="color: #ffe599;"><u><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Terapi</span></span></span></u></span></h3>
<h3>
<span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"></span></span></h3>
<br />
<div class="ParaAttribute1">
<span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">
</span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">• Tirah
baring. Pada periode akut dan keadaan lemah diharuskan cukup istirahat.<br />
• Diet seimbang.<br />
• Terapi suportif sesuai kondisi pasien</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: left; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Berikan obat-obat yang bersifat melindungi hati.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: left; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Antibiotik tidak jelas kegunaannya</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: left; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Jangan diberikan antiemetik.</span></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: left; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<h3>
<span style="color: #ffe599;"><u><span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Penyulit</span></span></u></span></h3>
<h3>
<span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"></span></span></h3>
<br />
<div class="ParaAttribute1">
<span class="CharAttribute5"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">
</span></span><span class="CharAttribute6"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">• Hepatitis
Fulminan<br />
• Kolestasis berkelanjutan<br />
• Hepatitis Kronik</span></span></div>
<div class="ParaAttribute1">
<br /></div>
<div class="ParaAttribute4" style="line-height: 115%;">
<span class="CharAttribute16"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">http://rspwinterna.wordpress.com/2013/08/27/hepatitis-virus-akut/</span></span></div>
<div class="ParaAttribute4" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
Erwinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12982580847034408349noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7218369765904264317.post-54619668773024987332014-05-12T15:07:00.000+07:002014-05-12T15:07:00.456+07:00Hepatitis B<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Diagnosis Hepatitis B </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hepatitis B</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
didiagnosis dari hasil tes darah spesifik virus <span style="color: #f79646; mso-themecolor: accent6;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B" target="_blank" title="Hepatitis B"><span style="color: #f79646; mso-themecolor: accent6;">hepatitis B</span></a></span> (serologi) yang mencerminkan beragam
komponen-komponen virus hepatitis B.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tes-tes serologi virus hepatitis B
ini berbeda dari tes-tes darah hati standar (ALT/SGPT dan AST/SGOT)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="color: #f79646; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: accent6;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HBsAg" target="_blank" title="HBsAg"><span style="color: #f79646; mso-themecolor: accent6;">HBsAg</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
dan anti-HBs </span></b></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Diagnosis infeksi <span style="color: #f79646; mso-themecolor: accent6;"><a href="http://www.everydayhealth.com/hepatitis/hepatitis-basics.aspx" target="_blank" title="Hepatitis"><span style="color: #f79646; mso-themecolor: accent6;">hepatitis</span></a>
B</span> dengan mendeteksi hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) dalam darah.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kehadiran HBsAg berarti ada infeksi
virus hepatitis B aktif dan ketidakhadiran HBsAg berarti tidak ada infekis
virus hepatitis B aktif. Menyusul suatu paparan pada virus hepatitis B, HBsAg
menjadi terdeteksi dalam darah dalam waktu empat minggu.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada inidividu yang sembuh dari
infeksi virus hepatitis B akut, eliminasi atau pembersihan dari HBsAg terjadi
dalam waktu empat bulan setelah timbulnya gejala-gejala. Infeksi virus
hepatitis B kronis didefinisikan sebagai HBsAg yang menetap lebih dari enam
bulan.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Setelah HBsAg dieliminasi dari
tubuh, antibodi terhadap HBsAg (anti-HBs) biasanya timbul. Anti-HBs ini
menyediakan kekebalan pada infeksi virus hepatitis B yang berikutnya. Individu
yang telah berhasil divaksinasi terhadap virus hepatitis B mempunyai anti-HBs
yang dapat diukur dalam darah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Anti-HBc </span></b></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #f79646; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: accent6;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HBcAg" target="_blank" title="HBcAg"><span style="color: #f79646; mso-themecolor: accent6;">Hepatitis B core antigen</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
hanya dapat ditemukan dalam hati dan tidak dapat terdeteksi dalam darah.
Kehadiran dari jumlah-jumlah yang besar dari hepatitis B core antigen dalam
hati mengindikasikan <b>suatu reproduksi virus yang sedang berlangsung</b>.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ini berarti bahwa virusnya aktif.
Antibodi terhadap hepatitis B core antigen, dikenal sebagai <b>antibodi
hepatitis B core (anti-HBc).</b> Sebagai suatu kenyataan, dua tipe dari
antibodi-antibodi anti-HBc (<span style="color: #f79646; mso-themecolor: accent6;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_M" target="_blank" title="Immunoglobulin M"><span style="color: #f79646; mso-themecolor: accent6;">IgM</span></a></span>
dan <span style="color: #f79646; mso-themecolor: accent6;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_G" target="_blank" title="Immunoglobulin G"><span style="color: #f79646; mso-themecolor: accent6;">IgG</span></a></span>)
dihasilkan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">IgM anti-HBc adalah suatu
penanda/indikator (marker/indicator) untuk infeksi hepatitis B akut. IgM
anti-HBc ditemukan dalam darah selama infeksi akut dan berlangsung sampai enam
bulan setelah timbulanya gejala-gejala. IgG anti-HBc berkembang selama
perjalanan infeksi virus hepatitis B akut dan menetap seumur hidup, tidak
perduli apakah individunya sembuh atau mengembangkan infeksi kronis. Sesuai
dengan itu, hanya tipe IgM dari anti-HBc dapat digunakan secara spesifik untuk
mendiagnosis suatu infeksi virus hepatitis B akut.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">HBeAg, anti-HBe, dan mutasi-mutasi
pre-core </span></b></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg) dan
anti-HBe,</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah penanda-penanda (markers) yang bermanfaat untuk
menentukan kemungkinan penularan virus oleh seseorang yang menderita infeksi
virus hepatitis B kronis.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mendeteksi keduanya HBeAg dan
anti-HBe dalam darah biasanya adalah eksklusif satu sama lain. Kehadiran HBeAg
berarti aktivitas virus yang sedang berlangsung dan kemampuan menularkan pada
yang lainnya, sedangkan kehadiran anti-HBe menandakan suatu keadaan yang lebih
tidak aktif dari virus dan risiko penularan yang lebih kecil.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada beberapa individu-individu yang
terinfeksi dengan virus hepatitis B, material genetik untuk virus telah menjalankan
suatu perubahan struktur yang tertentu, disebut suatu mutasi pre-core.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mutasi ini berakibat pada suatu
ketidakmampuan virus hepatitis B untuk menghasilkan HBeAg, meskipun virusnya
reproduksi/replikasi secara aktif. Ini berarti bahwa meskipun tidak ada HBeAg
yang terdeteksi dalam darah dari orang-orang dengan mutasi, virus hepatitis B
masih tetap aktif pada orang-orang ini dan mereka dapat menularkan pada yang
lain-lainnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hepatitis B virus <span style="color: #f79646; mso-themecolor: accent6;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA" target="_blank" title="DNA"><span style="color: #f79646; mso-themecolor: accent6;">DNA</span></a></span></span></b></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #f79646; mso-themecolor: accent6;"><span style="color: #f79646; mso-themecolor: accent6;"> </span> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penanda yang paling spesifik dari
reproduksi/replikasi virus hepatitis B adalah pengukuran dari <b>hepatitis B
virus DNA</b> dalam darah. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiffin_carrier" target="_blank" title="Tiffin carrier"><span style="color: windowtext;">Tingkat</span></a>-tingkat
yang tinggi dari hepatitis B virus DNA mengindikasikan suatu
reproduksi/replikasi virus dan aktivitas virus yang sedang berlangsung.
Tingkat-tingkat hepatitis B virus DNA yang rendah atau tidak terdeteksi
dikaitkan dengan fase/tahap infeksi virus hepatitis B yang tidak aktif.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tujuan mengukur hepatitis B virus
DNA</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> biasanya adalah untuk menentukan apakah infeksi virus
hepatitis B aktif atau tidak aktif (diam). Perbedaan ini dapat dibuat
berdasarkan jumlah hepatitis B virus DNA dalam darah. Tingkat-tingkat yang
tinggi dari DNA mengindikasikan suatu infeksi yang aktif, dimana
tingkat-tingkat yang rendah mengindikasikan suatu infeksi yang tidak aktif
(tidur).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menginterpretasikan Tes-Tes Darah
Virus Hepatitis B </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tabel ini memberikan
interpretasi-interpretasi diagnostik untuk beragam kumpulan-kumpulan (sets)
dari hasil yang didapatkan dengan suatu deretan tes-tes darah virus (serologi)
hepatitis B. Ingat, bagaimanapun, bahwa interpretasi dari tes-tes darah virus
hepatitis B harus selalu dibuat dengan pengetahuan dari sejarah medis pasien,
pemeriksaan fisik, dan hasil-hasil dari tes-tes darah hati standar yang dapat
mengindikasikan kerusakan pada hati.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: orange;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Tabel
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Interpretasi tes-tes <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>positif (+) dan negative (-) darah/serologi
virus hepatitis B</span></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<tbody>
<tr style="height: 45.0pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: yellow; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 45.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">HBsAg</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: yellow; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 45.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Anti-HBs</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: yellow; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 45.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Anti-Hbc
(total)</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: yellow; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 45.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Anti-HBc
IgM</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: yellow; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 45.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">HBeAg</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: yellow; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 45.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Anti-HBe</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: yellow; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 45.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B_virus" target="_blank" title="Hepatitis B virus"><span style="color: windowtext;">HBV DNA</span></a><span style="color: blue;"></span></span></u></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: yellow; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 45.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 65.0pt;" width="87">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Interpretasi</span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: 45.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .25in;" valign="bottom" width="24"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 30.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 30.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">+</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 30.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 30.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">+</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 30.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">+</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 30.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">+</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 30.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">+</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 30.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">+</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 30.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 65.0pt;" width="87">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tahap awal infeksi akut</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: 30.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .25in;" valign="bottom" width="24"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 45.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 45.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">+</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 45.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 45.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">+</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 45.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">+</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 45.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 45.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">+</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 45.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 45.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 65.0pt;" width="87">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tahap Kemudian infeksi akut</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: 45.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .25in;" valign="bottom" width="24"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 45.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 45.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 45.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 45.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">+</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 45.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">+</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 45.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 45.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">+</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 45.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 45.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 65.0pt;" width="87">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tahap kemudian infeksi akut</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: 45.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .25in;" valign="bottom" width="24"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 45.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 45.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 45.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">+</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 45.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">+</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 45.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 45.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 45.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 45.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 45.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 65.0pt;" width="87">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kesembuhan dengan kekebalan</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: 45.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .25in;" valign="bottom" width="24"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 30.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 30.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 30.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">+</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 30.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 30.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 30.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 30.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 30.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 30.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 65.0pt;" width="87">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Vaksinasi yang sukses</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: 30.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .25in;" valign="bottom" width="24"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 75.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 75.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">+</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 75.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 75.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">+</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 75.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 75.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">+</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 75.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 75.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">+</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 75.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 65.0pt;" width="87">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Infeksi kronis dengan reproduksi aktif</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: 75.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .25in;" valign="bottom" width="24"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 60.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 60.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">+</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 60.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 60.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">+</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 60.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 60.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 60.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">+</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 60.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 60.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 65.0pt;" width="87">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Infeksi kronis dalam tahap tidak aktif</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: 60.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .25in;" valign="bottom" width="24"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 75.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 75.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">+</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 75.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 75.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">+</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 75.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 75.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 75.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">+</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 75.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">+</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 75.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 65.0pt;" width="87">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Infeksi kronis dengan reproduksi aktif</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: 75.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .25in;" valign="bottom" width="24"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 75.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 75.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 75.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 75.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">+</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 75.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 75.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 75.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">+ atau
-</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FDE9D9; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 75.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.0pt;" width="51">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></div>
</td>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kesembuhan, Hasil positif palsu, atau infeksi
kronis</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Peran Biopsi Hati pada Hepatitis B Kronis </span></b></h3>
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<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Biopsi hati</span></strong><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> adalah suatu bagian yang penting dari
pengkajian seorang pasien dengan virus hepatitis B kronis. Tes ini bernilai
karena inti yang kecil dari jaringan yang diambil dari hati pada umumnya
mewakili keseluruhan dari hati.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Lebih
jauh, suatu diagnosis dari hepatitis kronis biasanya dapat dibuat dari biopsi.
Bagaimanapun, tipe hepatitis kronis (atau sirosis yang diakibatkannya), apakah
itu hepatitis B, C, atau hepatitis autoimun, tidak dapat ditentukan secara
pasti dari biopsi.</span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Sejarah
medis pasien, pemeriksaan fisik, tes-tes darah hati standar, dan tes-tes darah
virus hepatitis B (serologi), bersama dengan biopsi hati, digunakakan semuanya
untuk membuat diagnosis dari tipe spesifik hepatitis kronis. Meski demikian,
biopsi hati adalah tes yang menunjukan jumlah hati yang luka (peradangan) dan
luka parut (fibrosis) pada hepatitis kronis atau sirosis. Informasi yang
didapat dari biopsi kemudian digunakan untuk membantu menentukan prognosis
(perjalanan dan hasil akhir) dari penyakit dan begitu juga keperluan untuk
perawatan anti-virus.</span></div>
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<![endif]-->Erwinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12982580847034408349noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7218369765904264317.post-43518865825477995172014-04-26T11:53:00.000+07:002014-04-26T11:53:24.842+07:00Hepatitis<!--[if !mso]>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjogXLpPw7RNZ0ZvZN5kDcds0L6gfgB40Rtn5Eswn-EDMExgnPleLEoWxLWoT69rKPOkCJ7xm6FNcCwzFsynzHJxW5GRVnnZuM25obO9ZNkVnyJygvekL7nvqmBdnoqO3oXjOeo4hyphenhyphenwrKw/s1600/webmd_rf_photo_of_liver_and_hepatitis_virus.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjogXLpPw7RNZ0ZvZN5kDcds0L6gfgB40Rtn5Eswn-EDMExgnPleLEoWxLWoT69rKPOkCJ7xm6FNcCwzFsynzHJxW5GRVnnZuM25obO9ZNkVnyJygvekL7nvqmBdnoqO3oXjOeo4hyphenhyphenwrKw/s1600/webmd_rf_photo_of_liver_and_hepatitis_virus.jpg" height="217" width="320" /> </a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver. It may be caused
by drugs, alcohol use, or certain medical conditions. But in most cases, it's
caused by a virus that infects the liver. This is known as viral hepatitis, and
the most common forms are hepatitis A, B, and C.<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Symptoms</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sometimes there are no symptoms of
hepatitis in the first weeks after infection -- the acute phase. But when they
occur, the symptoms of hepatitis A, B, and C may include fatigue, nausea, poor
appetite, belly pain, a mild fever, or yellow skin or eyes (jaundice.) When
hepatitis B and C become chronic, they may cause no symptoms for years. By the
time there are any warning signs, the liver may already be damaged.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Many people with hepatits go
undiagnosed, because the disease is mistaken for the flu or because there are
no symptoms at all. The most common symptoms of hepatitis are:</span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Loss of appetite</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fatigue</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mild fever</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Muscle or joint aches</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nausea and vomiting</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Abdominal pain</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></div>
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Less common symptoms include:</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFqo-b2uHCUslt8YeyjxJhAFGmpwLwFF_mOGvew_C3IHi3PhUoIiZu9I5x7DXj9rAWYxKHNNYJNtZQV4UxOhoVv9ljZg67pQYZP6qNY6R2D-pWc6cZiwyC8XL_aAW2D4Blp8ZNgE5-JpY/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_person_with_jaundice.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFqo-b2uHCUslt8YeyjxJhAFGmpwLwFF_mOGvew_C3IHi3PhUoIiZu9I5x7DXj9rAWYxKHNNYJNtZQV4UxOhoVv9ljZg67pQYZP6qNY6R2D-pWc6cZiwyC8XL_aAW2D4Blp8ZNgE5-JpY/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_person_with_jaundice.jpg" height="135" width="200" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
</div>
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</div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dark urine</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Light-colored stools</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Generalized itching</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Altered mental state, stupor, or coma</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Internal bleeding</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hepatitis
A</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hepatitis A is highly contagious and
can spread from person to person in many different settings. It typically
causes only a mild illness, and many people who are infected may never realize
they are sick at all. The virus almost always goes away on its own and does not
cause long-term liver damage.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hepatitis A usually spreads through
contaminated food or water. Food can be tainted when it's touched by an
infected person who did not wash his hands after using the bathroom. This
transfers tiny amounts of infected stool to the food. Raw shellfish, fruits,
vegetables, and undercooked foods are common culprits in hepatitis A outbreaks.
The virus can also spread in daycare centers if employees aren't careful about
washing hands after changing diapers.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A prime risk factor for hepatitis A is
traveling to or living in a country with high infection rates. You can check
the CDC's travel advisories to learn about recent outbreaks. Eating raw foods
or drinking tap water can increase your risk while traveling. Children who
attend daycare centers also have a higher risk of getting hepatitis A.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hepatitis
B</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Many adults who get hepatitis B have
mild symptoms for a short time and then get better on their own. But some
people are not able to clear the hepatitis B virus from the body, which causes
a long-term infection. Nearly 90% of infants who get the virus will carry it
with them for life. Over time, chronic hepatitis B can lead to serious problems
such as liver damage, liver failure, and liver cancer.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
You can get hepatitis B through contact with the blood or
body fluids of an infected person. In the U.S., hepatitis B is most often
spread through unprotected sex. It's also possible to get hepatitis B by
sharing an infected person's needles, razors, or toothbrush. And an infected
mother can pass the virus to her baby during childbirth. Hepatitis B is not
spread by hugging, sharing food, or coughing.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
Anyone can get hepatitis B, but people who have multiple
sex partners or inject illegal drugs have a higher risk. Other risk factors
include being a health care worker who is exposed to blood or living with
someone who has chronic hepatitis B.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hepatitis
C</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">About 25% of people who get hepatitis C
defeat the virus after an acute infection. The rest will carry the virus in
their body for the long term. Chronic hepatitis C can cause very serious
complications, including liver failure and liver cancer. Fortunately, there are
ways to manage the virus and reduce its impact on the liver.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
Hepatitis C spreads through infected blood. In the U.S.,
sharing needles or "works" to inject drugs is the most common cause
of infection. Getting a tattoo or body piercing with an infected needle is
another means of exposure. A mother may pass the virus to her child at birth.
In rare cases, unprotected sex spreads hepatitis C, but the risk appears small.
Having multiple sex partners, HIV, or rough sex seems to increase risk for
spreading hepatitis C.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
People who have injected illegal drugs at any time, even
one time, many years ago, could be walking around with chronic hepatitis C.
Because there are often no symptoms, many former drug users may not realize
they have the infection. People who received a blood transfusion before 1992
also have an elevated risk. Prior to that year, donated blood was not screened
for the hepatitis C virus.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">How
Is Hepatitis Diagnosed?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5lBDf2ay_UNh_ZvpRkWaMOKVdSDMFbE3M91i1q7Z7gAoMJoM2lwui02b1-wJ1eB_zBtPP0ch2BLVFsjKCI501rT5lLKzEmuZJIO2WnP5j9I_pecgQvSQd9RIdIj1TkWv-3LALvL0bOfc/s1600/photolibrary_rm_photo_of_blood_analysis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5lBDf2ay_UNh_ZvpRkWaMOKVdSDMFbE3M91i1q7Z7gAoMJoM2lwui02b1-wJ1eB_zBtPP0ch2BLVFsjKCI501rT5lLKzEmuZJIO2WnP5j9I_pecgQvSQd9RIdIj1TkWv-3LALvL0bOfc/s1600/photolibrary_rm_photo_of_blood_analysis.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5lBDf2ay_UNh_ZvpRkWaMOKVdSDMFbE3M91i1q7Z7gAoMJoM2lwui02b1-wJ1eB_zBtPP0ch2BLVFsjKCI501rT5lLKzEmuZJIO2WnP5j9I_pecgQvSQd9RIdIj1TkWv-3LALvL0bOfc/s1600/photolibrary_rm_photo_of_blood_analysis.jpg" height="135" width="200" /></a>Chronic hepatitis can quietly attack the liver for years
without causing any symptoms. Unless the infection is diagnosed, monitored, and
treated, many of these people will eventually develop serious liver damage.
Fortunately, blood tests can determine whether you have viral hepatitis, and if
so, which kind.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">What
If You Test Positive?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg63z5qbsl8C_4Dkv9foYqZOa6SUjf-O1tr6hMWEnS-_0krPTza3-Li9rOxM3_CrtqM_-ZyVcWgfy4VOBmgyLf8uP_HKXR2xqRc16zrzbr0tjpq8nYhehWXhwcoAJqtlTOMSQpcFHbiVDg/s1600/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_toothbrushes_in_bathroom.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg63z5qbsl8C_4Dkv9foYqZOa6SUjf-O1tr6hMWEnS-_0krPTza3-Li9rOxM3_CrtqM_-ZyVcWgfy4VOBmgyLf8uP_HKXR2xqRc16zrzbr0tjpq8nYhehWXhwcoAJqtlTOMSQpcFHbiVDg/s1600/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_toothbrushes_in_bathroom.jpg" height="135" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">If you test positive for viral
hepatitis, you can take steps to protect the ones you love. For hepatitis A,
wash your hands frequently. For hepatitis B and C, avoid sharing your nail
clippers, razor, or toothbrush. Make sure everyone in your household gets the
hepatitis B vaccine. An important step is to see a specialist to discuss your
treatment options.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Treatment: </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hepatitis A</span></b></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hepatitis A almost always goes away on
its own, and no medication is needed. If nausea is a problem, try eating
several small meals throughout the day instead of three large ones. Drink
water, juice, or sports drinks to stay hydrated. And avoid strenuous exercise
until you're feeling better.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Chronic Hepatitis B</span></b></div>
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<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The goal of treating chronic hepatitis
B is to control the virus and keep it from damaging the liver. This begins with
regular monitoring for signs of liver disease. Antiviral medications may help,
but not everyone can take them or needs to be on medication. Be sure to discuss
the risks and benefits of antiviral therapy with your doctor.</span></div>
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</span></span></span><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Chronic Hepatitis C</span></b></div>
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<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbdHGzqp0P35MDxaEeFP4_3dwh3zAzLbJ3WwQEnVnWDMKOcpKBMxemGfdBD8lsSeE_i2UgaDdpMyvfkIXrlF1ZW24PKT748sOGgZ2zzg8h3kPvhWgOKlQ1iW1FCNPsinioXxFfEHNY-CQ/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_person_injecting_themselves.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbdHGzqp0P35MDxaEeFP4_3dwh3zAzLbJ3WwQEnVnWDMKOcpKBMxemGfdBD8lsSeE_i2UgaDdpMyvfkIXrlF1ZW24PKT748sOGgZ2zzg8h3kPvhWgOKlQ1iW1FCNPsinioXxFfEHNY-CQ/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_person_injecting_themselves.jpg" height="135" width="200" /></a></div>
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The most common treatment for chronic hepatitis C is a
combination of antiviral medications called <span style="color: #e69138;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">interferon</b></span> and<span style="color: #e69138;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">ribavirin</b></span>. Interferon is given as a
shot and ribavirin is a pill. Studies suggest this combination can cure or
control hepatitis C in about half of patients. But it can cause serious side
effects. In addition, not everyone needs treatment. Your doctor will explain
your options based on how active the virus is.</div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Monitoring
Chronic Hepatitis</span></b></div>
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<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiA4d5qJQqAQq-LJZOM0X33qfYNxkwzOLQEd96Bc3sqi8_sJeX0EvfVLnyl4En7mfmRUkbdJ-GrO8F0MWv4UHcCYsjQRbQXi6nT0LgMWKrIKoabu8niNO9bMjYDEXelMo3P78jBEQdAF5k/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_patient_getting_liver_scan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiA4d5qJQqAQq-LJZOM0X33qfYNxkwzOLQEd96Bc3sqi8_sJeX0EvfVLnyl4En7mfmRUkbdJ-GrO8F0MWv4UHcCYsjQRbQXi6nT0LgMWKrIKoabu8niNO9bMjYDEXelMo3P78jBEQdAF5k/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_patient_getting_liver_scan.jpg" height="135" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Careful monitoring is the cornerstone
of managing chronic hepatitis B and C. Your doctor will order regular blood
tests to check how well your liver is working. Ultrasounds and CT scans can also
reveal signs of liver damage. If the virus is not causing any liver problems,
you may not need treatment. But it's important to have regular tests to watch
for changes. Complications are easiest to treat when found early.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Complications: </span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigD7JeoyncQ-T47YTsz-1Krl0BGsWy1Ui9kCHI5ijVLAWZZE75CSq82hbHGZSP9qfsmJIVm6evLvtaknV_v1vuuCF59JyJL4IsUGM1rNkEW-wmjijFIj57HldzHhc84bJG49rTQfPBXbk/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_liver_examples.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigD7JeoyncQ-T47YTsz-1Krl0BGsWy1Ui9kCHI5ijVLAWZZE75CSq82hbHGZSP9qfsmJIVm6evLvtaknV_v1vuuCF59JyJL4IsUGM1rNkEW-wmjijFIj57HldzHhc84bJG49rTQfPBXbk/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_liver_examples.jpg" height="217" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Cirrhosis</span></b></div>
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<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">One of the most common complications of
chronic hepatitis is cirrhosis. This is a scarring of the liver that can be
detected with a biopsy. Cirrhosis makes it difficult for the liver to do its
job and can lead to liver failure, a life-threatening condition. Symptoms
include fatigue, nausea, weight loss, and swelling in the belly and legs. In
severe cases, patients may experience jaundice and confusion.</span></div>
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</span></span></span><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Liver Cancer</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZHqoBiAES7N3TzaYYQ-KiMDLuixwSGfy2dc5ESLdm2yiwWWk4qkbtkWJ3RFFPZ6pc6jeE2rQolhF8KYXTChXCA-KSiLzKJRdDR5MnOMunyTgH9t3dHtTdVJITAwELVA894PM2-jcfb18/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_cancerous_liver.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZHqoBiAES7N3TzaYYQ-KiMDLuixwSGfy2dc5ESLdm2yiwWWk4qkbtkWJ3RFFPZ6pc6jeE2rQolhF8KYXTChXCA-KSiLzKJRdDR5MnOMunyTgH9t3dHtTdVJITAwELVA894PM2-jcfb18/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_cancerous_liver.jpg" height="135" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Viral hepatitis is the top cause of
liver cancer, so people with chronic hepatitis B or C need monitoring even if
you feel "fine." Blood tests can detect proteins that suggest the
presence of liver cancer. Ultrasounds, CT scans, and MRIs can reveal abnormal
lesions in the liver (seen here in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">green</b>).
A biopsy is needed to determine if these areas are cancerous. Tumors that are
found early may be surgically removed. But most liver cancers are difficult to
treat.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Liver
Transplant</span></b></div>
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<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_E8zIcDQoxfNA9nfGOiWUdhNaYLpPV7vMawqN8vmwxzV2wVX6OikNlN47Vvj3hNavYpdvaaCxzzytraiyHGr38MGD20uga29NbteRsClZ6RL1Wxz-ssmjmOybTuMKmaoEYvk-1PFn_yk/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_liver_transplant_surgery.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_E8zIcDQoxfNA9nfGOiWUdhNaYLpPV7vMawqN8vmwxzV2wVX6OikNlN47Vvj3hNavYpdvaaCxzzytraiyHGr38MGD20uga29NbteRsClZ6RL1Wxz-ssmjmOybTuMKmaoEYvk-1PFn_yk/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_liver_transplant_surgery.jpg" height="135" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The liver is a vital organ that aids in
metabolism, digestion, detoxifying, and the production of many proteins
needed by the body. If a large part of the liver is damaged beyond repair, it
will no longer be able to perform these important jobs. People cannot live
without a working liver. In this case, a liver transplant may be the best hope.
This option provides the patient with a healthy liver from a donor.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hepatitis
A and B Vaccines</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJlq4zop2w9cM9YxdJO7gKBkbdbF5lI4HT6zwXpzSx9D7qNvVfR0Vj8ALIczm-NpNO97soIMt_Ua5_K_iE4-SrQKbIbT-jNsMcp9zChxINf0tFsy4v4Bmpgn_bU7kGle7AyKfxmuuF3ec/s1600/getty_rf_photo_of_vaccination.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJlq4zop2w9cM9YxdJO7gKBkbdbF5lI4HT6zwXpzSx9D7qNvVfR0Vj8ALIczm-NpNO97soIMt_Ua5_K_iE4-SrQKbIbT-jNsMcp9zChxINf0tFsy4v4Bmpgn_bU7kGle7AyKfxmuuF3ec/s1600/getty_rf_photo_of_vaccination.jpg" height="135" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">There are vaccines to protect against
hepatitis A and B. The CDC recommends hepatitis A vaccination for all children
ages 12 to 23 months and for adults who plan to travel or work in areas
with hepatitis A outbreaks. People with chronic hepatitis B or C should also
get the hepatitis A vaccine if they don't already have immunity to hepatitis A.
The hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for all infants at birth and for adults
who have any of the risk factors we discussed earlier. There is no vaccine for
hepatitis C.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Protecting
Your Liver</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">If you have chronic hepatitis, there
are steps you can take to keep your liver resilient. Avoid alcohol, which can
cause additional liver damage. Check with your doctor before taking any
medications or supplements, because some are tough on the liver or may not be
safe in people with liver disease. Most importantly, keep your appointments for
regular monitoring. By watching for any changes in your liver, you and your
health care provider can stay one step ahead of the virus.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
Erwinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12982580847034408349noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7218369765904264317.post-47013197968560312652013-11-12T19:43:00.000+07:002013-11-13T22:23:02.769+07:00Enlarged Prostate (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia/BPH)<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSxhCbTmHxH7obVXCcWrBCW7vhnLuoC5KePsZfaPw1n9vLxIxW-QuTfF_WHbS83EL1sf0w1fLOGxdZwAMjDRl5N0_WIYPETFunFbFVEZ9Ffp_1zXiEkxKmy7iMAHH9mOZuTHOUnlRMsas/s1600/webmd_rf_photo_of_diagram_of_prostate.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSxhCbTmHxH7obVXCcWrBCW7vhnLuoC5KePsZfaPw1n9vLxIxW-QuTfF_WHbS83EL1sf0w1fLOGxdZwAMjDRl5N0_WIYPETFunFbFVEZ9Ffp_1zXiEkxKmy7iMAHH9mOZuTHOUnlRMsas/s200/webmd_rf_photo_of_diagram_of_prostate.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
An enlarged prostate occurs when a man's prostate gland
slowly grows bigger as he ages. More than half of men over age 60 have this
condition, also called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Some men have
symptoms and others don't. The exact causes are unknown, but one thing is sure:
BPH is not cancer and it does not lead to cancer. The prostate sits below the
bladder and produces fluid for semen.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: orange;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Symptom</span></b></span></h3>
<h4 class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> <span style="color: #e06666;">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: #e06666;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Frequent Need to Urinate</i></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></b></h4>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUFT8iyELeD8p1mTd-MQBjiBtnSBTMCSMm7VXhO1mTckkbBDHBvXlE4KgR-IpDwIIGLgFs_2yA-gbTEmuVXBW88ZJtAmWjx-ewgAz_XFxyxNiFkjv4y9sQAaCYl_sBsLRoG7SV2Bq7uBo/s1600/webmd_rf_photo_of_diagram_of_enlarged_prostate.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUFT8iyELeD8p1mTd-MQBjiBtnSBTMCSMm7VXhO1mTckkbBDHBvXlE4KgR-IpDwIIGLgFs_2yA-gbTEmuVXBW88ZJtAmWjx-ewgAz_XFxyxNiFkjv4y9sQAaCYl_sBsLRoG7SV2Bq7uBo/s200/webmd_rf_photo_of_diagram_of_enlarged_prostate.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Do you have to pee more often these days? Especially at
night, when you're trying to sleep? That’s a common symptom of BPH. It happens
when the growing prostate presses on the urethra, the tube that carries urine
out of your body. The bladder has to contract more strongly to get urine out.
As a result, the bladder may start to contract even when it only contains a
little urine, which makes you get the urge to go more often.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h4 class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> <span style="color: #e06666;">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: #e06666;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Difficulty Urinating</i></b></span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal">
With an enlarged prostate, it may take you longer to get the
flow of urine going, and the flow may be weaker than it used to be. You may
dribble urine or feel as if there's still some inside even though you're
finished urinating. These symptoms happen because the pressure on the urethra
makes it narrow, so your bladder must work harder to pass urine.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h4 class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> <span style="color: #e06666;">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: #e06666;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Inability to Urinate</i></b></span></h4>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj85D54ddIGNrQs_IYVh2eIGMEeomadCzF94YlCgFSstdTJkfqS7MtlfmwbNeQjsXy6hbU6WtwnwNEKPVsdDA9lbmKwmHDC_bm8YXWdRaTPJaUEa0wskmrPQF9MmaADv8spTwC_0FD8X2I/s1600/phototake_rm_photo_of_narrow_urethra.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj85D54ddIGNrQs_IYVh2eIGMEeomadCzF94YlCgFSstdTJkfqS7MtlfmwbNeQjsXy6hbU6WtwnwNEKPVsdDA9lbmKwmHDC_bm8YXWdRaTPJaUEa0wskmrPQF9MmaADv8spTwC_0FD8X2I/s200/phototake_rm_photo_of_narrow_urethra.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7218369765904264317" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7218369765904264317" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><br /></a>This can happen when advanced BPH blocks your urethra
entirely -- or as a result of a bladder infection. Bladder muscles also may
become too weak to force urine out of the body. From any cause, it can lead to
permanent kidney damage. You can prevent this by seeing your doctor as soon as
you notice symptoms. If you suddenly can't urinate, go to a hospital emergency
room immediately.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: orange;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Who Gets an Enlarged
Prostate?</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Most men get an enlarged prostate as they age. The prostate
gland grows throughout most of a man's life, first at puberty and then from
about age 25 on. It usually doesn't cause symptoms before the age of 40. But by
age 85, up to 90% of men have symptoms. Only about a third of men with an
enlarged prostate are bothered by symptoms.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: orange;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">What Causes the
Prostate to Grow?</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
No one knows for sure. It is believed that different
hormones such as testosterone, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">dihydrotestosterone</i></b> (DHT), and
estrogen may play a role. It is also unclear why some men with BPH will have
symptoms while others do not. Vasectomy and sex do not raise the risk of having
BPH.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: orange;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Getting Diagnosed
Early</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7218369765904264317" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><br /></a>BPH symptoms can be similar to those of other conditions. If
you have symptoms, it's important to see your doctor, who can rule out other
possible causes, such as an infection or cancer.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: orange;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ruling Out Prostate
Cancer</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7218369765904264317" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7218369765904264317" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
Symptoms of BPH can be scary because some of them are the
same as those for prostate cancer. But an enlarged prostate is much more common
than prostate cancer. And if you have BPH, you are no more likely than other
men to develop prostate cancer. Because the two conditions share some symptoms
and can occur at the same time, however, your doctor will need to evaluate you.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: orange;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">How Will Your Doctor
Diagnose BPH?</b></span><br />
<span style="color: orange;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiY9MeUgbBmBsNmrrKlmLgTx7l58CJIUsvD0NKZAt6VFukDhq3nvgkSgQkzpViKxx1YUblj0urxEIDT14ps1r8TxOX8H4P5vf75F6Nvp9omwbshgqQ0SBdAd8oeQASQgcV7ZNh47qeaDDQ/s1600/getty_rf_photo_of_prostate_tumor.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiY9MeUgbBmBsNmrrKlmLgTx7l58CJIUsvD0NKZAt6VFukDhq3nvgkSgQkzpViKxx1YUblj0urxEIDT14ps1r8TxOX8H4P5vf75F6Nvp9omwbshgqQ0SBdAd8oeQASQgcV7ZNh47qeaDDQ/s200/getty_rf_photo_of_prostate_tumor.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="color: orange;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and may do these
tests:</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>A digital rectal exam to check for prostate
enlargement or irregularities</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Lab tests of urine or blood</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>An ultrasound scan and a prostate biopsy</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>A urine flow study to measure the strength of
your urine stream</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>A cytoscopy, in which a thin tube inserted
through the penis allows the doctor to view and evaluate the urethra and the
bladder<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: orange;">When Does BPH Need to
Be Treated?</span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: orange;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7218369765904264317" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>Whether you need to treat BPH depends on your symptoms. If
you have none or your symptoms are not severe, you probably won't need
treatment. But recurring infections, kidney damage, difficulty urinating, or a
leaky bladder can really impact your quality of life. In these cases, medications
or surgery may help.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<h3>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: orange; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Treatment </span></b></h3>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<h4>
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #e06666;">Watchful
Waiting</span></b></h4>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
If your symptoms are mild, you and your doctor may choose to
monitor your condition. With this approach, you'll probably need to visit the
doctor one or more times a year. And if your symptoms don't get worse, that may
be all you ever need to do. Up to a third of all mild cases of BPH have
symptoms that clear up on their own.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<h4>
<span style="color: #e06666;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lifestyle
Changes</b></span></h4>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
These strategies may help:</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Cut down or cut out alcohol and caffeine.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Drink small amounts all day rather than large
amounts all at once.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Avoid fluids at bedtime.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Avoid decongestants and antihistamines.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Go when you have the urge and when a bathroom is
handy.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Double void: Empty your bladder, wait a moment,
then try to empty it again.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Relax. Stress can trigger the urge to pee.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Exercise regularly.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<h4>
<span style="color: #e06666;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Drugs for
Urine Flow</b></span></h4>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Often prescribed for high blood pressure, alpha blockers
help relax the muscles in the prostate gland and bladder. This allows urine to
flow more freely. Alpha blockers approved by the FDA to treat BPH include <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">alfuzosin</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">doxazosin</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tamsulosin</i>,
and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">terazosin</i>.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<h4>
<span style="color: #e06666;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Drugs to
Slow Prostate Growth</b></span></h4>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A class of medications known as 5-alpha reductase inhibitors
may stop the prostate from growing or even shrink it in some men. They lower
the production of DHT, a hormone involved in prostate growth. However, these
medications -- which include <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">dutasteride</i>
and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">finasteride</i> -- can also lower sex
drive and cause erectile dysfunction. And it can take up to a year to feel the
benefits.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<h4>
<span style="color: #e06666;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Medicine
Combos</b></span></h4>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Some men benefit from taking more than one medication for
their enlarged prostate. In fact, combining a medicine that relaxes the bladder
muscles with one that slows prostate growth may work better than either drug
alone. Medicines used to manage an overactive bladder may also be added to
standard BPH medications.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<h4>
<span style="color: #e06666;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Complementary
Medicine</b></span></h4>
</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />
In some studies, saw palmetto extract has shown promise in
treating BPH symptoms. These include frequent urination and trouble starting
and maintaining flow. Other studies have found it to be no better than a sugar
pill. With no clear benefit yet -- and a risk that herbal treatments may
interfere with other drugs -- the American Urological Association does not
recommend saw palmetto or other complementary medicines for BPH.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<h4>
<span style="color: #e06666;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Less
Invasive Procedures</b></span></h4>
</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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When medication doesn't do the job, a number of procedures
can remove excess tissue from the prostate, easing obstruction of the urethra.
These outpatient procedures are less invasive than surgery and may take no more
than an hour. Two of them -- <b><i>transurethral n</i></b><b><i>eedle ablation (TUNA), </i></b>also
known as radiofrequency ablation, and <b><i>transurethral microwave therapy (TUMT)</i></b>
-- may require temporary use of a catheter after treatment. Other procedures
include the use of laser and stenting.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<h4>
<span style="color: #e06666;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Surgery</b></span></h4>
</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<br />
The most common surgery is a <b style="color: #e06666;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">transurethral resection of the
prostate</i></b>, or<span style="color: #e06666;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">TURP</i></b></span>, which is done under general
anesthesia. An instrument is inserted through the tip of the penis and into the
urethra to remove parts of the enlarged prostate, relieving pressure on the
urethra.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<h4>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #e69138;">Will BPH Affect My
Sex Life?</span></b></h4>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
There is some evidence that older men with severe BPH
symptoms may be more likely to have problems in the bedroom, compared to other
men their age. Some of the medications commonly used to treat BPH have been
associated with problems getting an erection and ejaculating. If you develop
sexual issues, talk to your doctor. A change in medications may be enough to correct
them.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<h4>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #e69138;">Living with BPH</span></b></h4>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Some men never even know they have BPH. Others are never
troubled by it. But if you have bothersome symptoms, there are many options for
treating them to help you maintain a high quality of life. The most important
thing is to see your doctor as soon as you notice symptoms.<br />
<br />
<i><span style="color: #e06666;"> Tr</span></i><b><i><span style="color: #e06666;">ans Urethral Resection of the Prostate</span> </i></b><span style="color: #e06666;">(<b><i>TURP) :</i></b></span><br />
<span style="color: #e06666;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span>
<br />
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<span style="color: #e06666;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span></div>
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
Erwinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12982580847034408349noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7218369765904264317.post-49215192093951997832013-11-12T00:07:00.003+07:002016-12-29T13:15:34.022+07:00Prostate Cancer<!--[if !mso]>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgt1j-LjCUQomJ-JFIbpXRFHA65_1W0pKwITSEBrDbYDQ1aJNkKQQtt7GS9NReGTm6kC6GE7xka8zX7XqzB_6s8yInvNpBqLXq6hmI1qRZvdn059YllBZRi1OZcmr_cjGUi8VXQWLWYT6g/s1600/getty_rm_photo_of_prostate_diagram.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgt1j-LjCUQomJ-JFIbpXRFHA65_1W0pKwITSEBrDbYDQ1aJNkKQQtt7GS9NReGTm6kC6GE7xka8zX7XqzB_6s8yInvNpBqLXq6hmI1qRZvdn059YllBZRi1OZcmr_cjGUi8VXQWLWYT6g/s320/getty_rm_photo_of_prostate_diagram.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span><b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 24.0pt;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Prostate cancer develops in
a man's prostate, the walnut-sized gland just below the bladder that produces
some of the fluid in semen. It's the most common cancer in men after skin
cancer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Prostate cancer often grows very
slowly and may not cause significant harm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But some types are more aggressive and can spread quickly without
treatment.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="color: orange;"><b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Symptoms</span></b></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"> </span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">In the early stages, men may
have no symptoms.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Later, symptoms can
include:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 46.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Frequent urination,
especially at night</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 46.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Difficulty starting or stopping
urination</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 46.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Weak or interrupted urinary
stream</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 46.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Painful or burning sensation
during urination or ejaculation</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 46.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Blood in urine or semen</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Advanced cancer can cause
deep pain in the lower back, hips, or upper thighs.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="color: orange;"><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Enlarged
Prostate or Prostate Cancer?</span></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiU1z7nZ26_BIIMvIjIY-pwNICPLEOi2p6tgwSjyrnzfhetNq-2UtSCP7e-eSq2PvkZvfn3HlWE2F3ZpOuGnAqQO662cg-sfCAqd7Z6zbSdWzipwfXTwd7XQYLP4rw2mKkMJsUsxOGKeA/s1600/phototake_rm_photo_of_englarged_prostate.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiU1z7nZ26_BIIMvIjIY-pwNICPLEOi2p6tgwSjyrnzfhetNq-2UtSCP7e-eSq2PvkZvfn3HlWE2F3ZpOuGnAqQO662cg-sfCAqd7Z6zbSdWzipwfXTwd7XQYLP4rw2mKkMJsUsxOGKeA/s320/phototake_rm_photo_of_englarged_prostate.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">The prostate can grow larger
as men age, sometimes pressing on the bladder or urethra and causing symptoms
similar to prostate cancer. This is called <b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)</i></b>. It's not cancer and can be
treated if symptoms become bothersome. A third problem that can cause urinary
symptoms is prostatitis. This inflammation or infection may also cause a fever
and in many cases is treated with medicine.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="color: orange;"><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Risk Factors
You Can't Control</span></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Growing older</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"> is the greatest risk factor for prostate cancer, particularly after age
50. After 70, studies suggest that most men have some form of prostate cancer,
though there may be no outward symptoms. Family history increases a man's risk:
having a father or brother with prostate cancer doubles the risk. African-Americans
are at high risk and have the highest rate of prostate cancer in the world.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="color: orange;"><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Risk Factors
You Can Control</span></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Diet seems to play a role in
the development of prostate cancer, which is much more common in countries
where meat and high-fat dairy are mainstays. The reason for this link is
unclear. Dietary fat, particularly animal fat from red meat, may boost male
hormone levels. And this may fuel the growth of cancerous prostate cells. A
diet too low in fruits and vegetables may also play a role.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="color: orange;"><b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Myths</span></b></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span style="color: orange;"> </span>About Prostate Cancer</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Here are some things that
will not cause prostate cancer: Too much sex, a vasectomy, and
masturbation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If you have an enlarged
prostate (BPH), that does not mean you are at greater risk of developing
prostate cancer. Researchers are still studying whether alcohol use, STDs, or
prostatitis play a role in the development of prostate cancer.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="color: orange;"><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Can Prostate
Cancer Be Found Early?</span></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Screening tests are
available to find prostate cancer early, but government guidelines don't call
for routine testing in men at any age. The tests may find cancers that are so
slow-growing that medical treatments would offer no benefit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And the treatments themselves can have
serious side effects. The American Cancer Society advises men to talk with a
doctor about screening tests, beginning at:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 46.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">50 for average-risk men who
expect to live at least 10 more years.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 46.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">45 for men at high risk.
This includes African-Americans and those with a father, brother, or son
diagnosed before age 65.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 46.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">40 for men with more than
one first-degree relative diagnosed at an early age.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Screening</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">:</span></div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> <span style="color: orange;"><b>DRE </b>and <b>PSA</b></span></span></h3>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSRhdxEM6mvHt68XTQUtz_wfyrE6cOkzDNyZQwG6vgFJU757hRprjVxUjyAEm4st5KuB1LogOd9up6y1LfqHrwOyURWuotHHD76zxtOTmJaosqFZMziyLmEq2ADmBfZ9KhBmClBlVvIaw/s1600/phototake_rm_photo_of_dre_exam.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSRhdxEM6mvHt68XTQUtz_wfyrE6cOkzDNyZQwG6vgFJU757hRprjVxUjyAEm4st5KuB1LogOd9up6y1LfqHrwOyURWuotHHD76zxtOTmJaosqFZMziyLmEq2ADmBfZ9KhBmClBlVvIaw/s320/phototake_rm_photo_of_dre_exam.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Your doctor may initially do
a <span style="color: orange;"><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">digital rectal exam</i></b> (<b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u>DRE</u></i></b>)</span> to feel for bumps or
hard spots on the prostate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After a
discussion with your doctor, a blood test can be used to measure <span style="color: orange;"><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">prostate-specific antigen</i></b> (<b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u>PSA</u></i></b>)</span>, a protein produced by
prostate cells. An elevated level may indicate a higher chance that you have
cancer, but you can have a high level and still be cancer-free. It is also
possible to have a normal PSA and have prostate cancer.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="color: orange;"><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">PSA Test
Results</span></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">A normal PSA level is
considered to be under 4 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) of blood, while a PSA
above 10 suggests a high risk of cancer. But there are many exceptions:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 46.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Men can have prostate cancer
with a PSA less than 4.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 46.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">A prostate that is inflamed
(prostatitis) or enlarged (BPH) can boost PSA levels, yet further testing may
show no evidence of cancer.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 46.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Some BPH drugs can lower PSA
levels, despite the presence of prostate cancer, called a false negative.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">If either your PSA or DRE
are abnormal, your doctor will order other tests.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="color: orange;"><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Prostate Cancer
Biopsy</span></i></b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAfkmYj67ERxN6uQrgTKajNwCY2aM8LEm1ILUPbr2hwt7j3df39g66vYhS92mVJQfstM52RAMLqzWMC1PyO1HVlBSrppOAesRN318kaAQbpmCtrUBS4H0atgpfbUEuQgK8H8CowYRBi10/s1600/phototake_rm_photo_of_prostate_biopsy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAfkmYj67ERxN6uQrgTKajNwCY2aM8LEm1ILUPbr2hwt7j3df39g66vYhS92mVJQfstM52RAMLqzWMC1PyO1HVlBSrppOAesRN318kaAQbpmCtrUBS4H0atgpfbUEuQgK8H8CowYRBi10/s320/phototake_rm_photo_of_prostate_biopsy.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">If a physical exam or PSA
test suggests a problem, your doctor may recommend a biopsy. A needle is
inserted either through the rectum wall or the skin between the rectum and scrotum.
Multiple small tissue samples are removed and examined under a microscope. A
biopsy is the best way to detect cancer and predict whether it is slow-growing
or aggressive.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<h4 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="color: orange;"><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Biopsy and
Gleason Score</span></i></b></span></h4>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9ztscI16Y4SUka25LttBTqopkIu2MAHr4tcvRJL4XalUVv6o7eFl5cj0Ik608IaPNN6ZYFPC26uYW4Juw2jzYzS-fBkamz3TJykJxjgv5-hX4UeslMEYbRiw6x66yb0hS6iU-3rHdYdQ/s1600/webmd_rf_photo_of_gleason_diagram.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9ztscI16Y4SUka25LttBTqopkIu2MAHr4tcvRJL4XalUVv6o7eFl5cj0Ik608IaPNN6ZYFPC26uYW4Juw2jzYzS-fBkamz3TJykJxjgv5-hX4UeslMEYbRiw6x66yb0hS6iU-3rHdYdQ/s320/webmd_rf_photo_of_gleason_diagram.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">A pathologist looks for cell
abnormalities and "grades" the tissue sample from 1 to 5. The sum of
2 Gleason grades is the <b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gleason score</i></b>.
These scores help determine the chances of the cancer spreading. They range
from<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2, less aggressive, to 10, a very
aggressive cancer. Gleason scores helps guide the type of treatment your doctor
will recommend.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="color: orange;"><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Prostate Cancer
Imaging</span></i></b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn0tu3a0KyL_P4yLOLjlfsO4_g3ut6-rOzJz0D5boxf3De4Mr9dL90Lc-CGGlF3U2HmrDQVjFjJJeK97lq9qCVzJ08AzmcK45cA564ct38GUPTo4q0PXNtkdLa2jGfo_x2ow4-XMqiFu8/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_mri_of_prostate_cancer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn0tu3a0KyL_P4yLOLjlfsO4_g3ut6-rOzJz0D5boxf3De4Mr9dL90Lc-CGGlF3U2HmrDQVjFjJJeK97lq9qCVzJ08AzmcK45cA564ct38GUPTo4q0PXNtkdLa2jGfo_x2ow4-XMqiFu8/s320/princ_rm_photo_of_mri_of_prostate_cancer.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Some men may need additional
tests to see if the cancer has spread beyond the prostate. These can include
ultrasound, a CT scan, or an MRI scan (seen here). A radionuclide bone scan
traces an injection of low-level radioactive material to help detect cancer
that has spread to the bone.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">In the MRI scan shown here,
the tumor is the green, kidney-shaped mass in the center, next to the prostate
gland (in pink).</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: orange;"><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Prostate
Cancer Staging</span></i></b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqeg0-Ztlanhu2zZbrSYayiyr9T08mT3qZrV0vptvcn9ZFOPQB5IqyVK4uS32wGbrmoPXRrSzO0cxwNFR6LmBLY1GofLxxNGsyefU0CshsLO-Pq8WcqI5EFt87bkINYJLZYHM917ku_Gw/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_stages_of_prostate_cancer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqeg0-Ztlanhu2zZbrSYayiyr9T08mT3qZrV0vptvcn9ZFOPQB5IqyVK4uS32wGbrmoPXRrSzO0cxwNFR6LmBLY1GofLxxNGsyefU0CshsLO-Pq8WcqI5EFt87bkINYJLZYHM917ku_Gw/s320/princ_rm_photo_of_stages_of_prostate_cancer.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Staging is used to describe
how far prostate cancer has spread (metastasized) and to help determine the
best treatment.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 46.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Stage I</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">: Cancer is small and still within the prostate.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 46.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Stage II</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">: Cancer is more advanced, but still confined to the prostate.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 46.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Stage III</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">: Cancer has spread to the outer part of the prostate and nearby seminal
vesicles.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 46.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Stage IV</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">: Cancer has spread to lymph nodes, nearby organs or tissues such as
bladder or rectum, or distant organs such as bones or lungs.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 46.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="color: orange;"><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Prostate Cancer
Survival Rates</span></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">The good news about prostate
cancer is that it usually grows slowly. And 9 out of 10 cases are found in the
early stages. Overall, the 5-year relative survival rate is 100% for men with
disease confined to the prostate or nearby tissues, and many men live much
longer. When the disease has spread to distant areas, that figure drops to 31%.
But these numbers are based on men diagnosed at least 5 years ago. The outlook
may be better for men diagnosed and treated today.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="color: orange;"><b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Treatment</span></b></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">:</span></h3>
<h4 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="color: orange;"><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">~ Watchful
Waiting</span></i></b></span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">With low-risk cancer, one
option is to watch and wait. This is determined by your biopsy, PSA test, and
Gleason scores. Your doctor will order periodic testing. Other treatments --
with the risk of sexual or urinary problems -- may not be necessary. Some men who
are older or have serious health conditions may not need treatment. However,
more aggressive treatment is usually recommended for younger men or those with
more aggressive disease.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<h4 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="color: orange;"><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">~ Radiation
Therapy</span></i></b></span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaaK4QcG4PEVhx0LXwfrZYjYsg-L801pdQKCoQyRuieOtvLuAQneW_jJLMxPCNGmouYTYD-uoGB8zct_pck4Mob5ig7zhjGpGNM2F3kb9xX7NybOr4IvGdGDjXUe8NezGuKqrpJAo6IZE/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_ct_scan_of_pelvis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaaK4QcG4PEVhx0LXwfrZYjYsg-L801pdQKCoQyRuieOtvLuAQneW_jJLMxPCNGmouYTYD-uoGB8zct_pck4Mob5ig7zhjGpGNM2F3kb9xX7NybOr4IvGdGDjXUe8NezGuKqrpJAo6IZE/s320/princ_rm_photo_of_ct_scan_of_pelvis.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">External beam radiation to
kill cancer cells can be used as a first treatment or after prostate cancer
surgery. It can also help relieve bone pain from the spread of cancer. In
brachytherapy, tiny radioactive pellets about the size of a grain of rice are
inserted into the prostate. Both methods can impair erectile function. Fatigue,
urinary problems, and diarrhea are other possible side effects.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<h4 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="color: orange;"><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">~ Surgery</span></i></b></span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Removing the prostate, or
radical prostatectomy, is used to eliminate the cancer when it is confined to
the prostate. New techniques use smaller incisions and seek to avoid damaging
nearby nerves. If lymph nodes are also cancerous, prostatectomy may not be the
best option. Surgery may impair urinary and sexual function, but both can
improve over time.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<h4 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="color: orange;"><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">~ Hormone
Therapy</span></i></b></span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Hormone therapy may shrink
or slow the growth of your cancer, but unless it is used with another therapy
it will not eliminate the cancer. Drugs or hormones block or stop the
production of testosterone and other male hormones, called androgens. Side
effects can include hot flashes, growth of breast tissue, weight gain, and
impotence.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<h4 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="color: orange;"><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">~ Chemotherapy</span></i></b></span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzu4f9bPwXMBQUp7pq8zjANc8FV1amQoHxo3u7A5VdBT_VF4wjI_6y9cYPh2bOhfcXQzcNdnX_AYw_fgY3NHGmKZCfbyBihJQMA12UzJuzDNdaGDetyacUDPtRO9WC-4g8FBLWr2vW_AM/s1600/getty_rm_photo_of_chemotherapy_treatment.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzu4f9bPwXMBQUp7pq8zjANc8FV1amQoHxo3u7A5VdBT_VF4wjI_6y9cYPh2bOhfcXQzcNdnX_AYw_fgY3NHGmKZCfbyBihJQMA12UzJuzDNdaGDetyacUDPtRO9WC-4g8FBLWr2vW_AM/s320/getty_rm_photo_of_chemotherapy_treatment.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Chemotherapy kills cancer
cells throughout the body, including those outside the prostate, so it is used
to treat more advanced cancer and cancer that did not respond to hormone
therapy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Treatment is usually
intravenous and is given in cycles lasting 3-6 months. Because the chemotherapy
kills other fast-growing cells in the body, you may have hair loss and mouth
sores. Other side effects include nausea, vomiting,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and fatigue.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<h4 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="color: orange;"><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">~ Cryotherapy</span></i></b></span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Cryotherapy freezes and
kills cancerous cells within the prostate (like the highly magnified cells
shown here.) It is not as widely used because little is known about its
long-term effectiveness. It's less invasive than surgery, with a shorter
recovery time. Because the freezing damages nerves, as many as 80% of men
become impotent after cryosurgery. There can be temporary pain and burning
sensations in the bladder and bowel.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<h4 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="color: orange;"><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">~ Prostate
Cancer Vaccine</span></i></b></span></h4>
<h4 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="color: orange;"><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"> </span></i></b></span></h4>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzvcyXHA8GFqONkHE_kJGKaftF2vcaw7_kfEtXjvlweoFky_nB1zOGKyDvuH961psEonXvBT2uh9P9Ai221wnQSvK3yHCqCnei8bydaOz2prBPychOtMS-OEZTyXdjjjFmlwD-lyL5R2Y/s1600/getty_rf_photo_of_prostate_cancer_vaccine.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzvcyXHA8GFqONkHE_kJGKaftF2vcaw7_kfEtXjvlweoFky_nB1zOGKyDvuH961psEonXvBT2uh9P9Ai221wnQSvK3yHCqCnei8bydaOz2prBPychOtMS-OEZTyXdjjjFmlwD-lyL5R2Y/s320/getty_rf_photo_of_prostate_cancer_vaccine.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">This vaccine is designed to
treat, not prevent, prostate cancer by spurring your body's immune system to
attack prostate cancer cells. Immune cells are removed from your blood,
activated to fight cancer, and infused back into your blood. Three cycles occur
in one month. It's used for advanced prostate cancer that no longer responds to
hormone therapy. Mild side-effects can occur such as fatigue, nausea, and
fever.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="color: orange;"><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Hope for
Advanced Cancer</span></i></b></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Your doctor will continue to
monitor your PSA levels and may perform other tests after treatment for
prostate cancer. If it recurs or spreads to other parts of the body, additional
treatment may be recommended. Lifestyle choices may matter, too. One study
found that prostate cancer survivors who exercised regularly had a lower risk
of dying.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="color: orange;"><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Coping With
Erectile Dysfunction</span></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Erectile dysfunction is a
common side effect of prostate cancer treatments. Generally, erectile function
improves within two years after surgery. Improvement may be better for younger
men than for those over 70. You also may benefit from ED medications. Other treatments,
such as injection therapy and vacuum devices, may help.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="color: orange;"><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Food for Health 5</span></i></b></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">A cancer-conscious diet may
be the best choice for survivors who want to bolster their health and those
hoping to lower their risk. That means:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 46.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Five or more fruits and
veggies a day</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Whole grains instead of
white flour or white rice</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 46.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Limit high-fat meat</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Limit or eliminate processed
meat (hot dogs, cold cuts, bacon)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Limit alcohol to 1-2 drinks
per day (if you drink)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Foods high in folate may
have some action against prostate cancer (spinach, orange juice, lentils).
Studies found mixed results on lycopene, an antioxidant found in tomatoes.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="color: orange;"><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Supplements:
Buyer Beware</span></i></b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLtbir2VSACwOT77QAgI24jgTEeSts3kedqWCzvmD77euj58Vw-mgJ0_J8eGRV1CNrgXM3ZLUFyar8Lu1FGyw-5LUahLOaVEbLGNzITfCD6UaCHWHUzpivZxn0nj0yasd1UZlSyONA9eE/s1600/getty_rf_photo_of_supplement_pills.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLtbir2VSACwOT77QAgI24jgTEeSts3kedqWCzvmD77euj58Vw-mgJ0_J8eGRV1CNrgXM3ZLUFyar8Lu1FGyw-5LUahLOaVEbLGNzITfCD6UaCHWHUzpivZxn0nj0yasd1UZlSyONA9eE/s320/getty_rf_photo_of_supplement_pills.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Be wary of supplements that
are marketed to prevent prostate cancer. Some herbal substances can interfere
with PSA levels. A 10-year study showed an increase in the risk of cancer for
men who took folic acid supplements. A 5-year study of selenium and vitamin E
did not show a decreased risk of prostate cancer. Be sure to tell your doctor
if you are taking vitamins or supplements.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">VIDEO : Robotic Radical Prostatectomy</span></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dxCm2ndUpij-8eAOW8clYBl35SwPh3LxOnnjThG31INgkP1Xvl07IvjFqamPldbZL3uIxWqS6vR3hfjCFOOHQ' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i><b>What Is Metastatic Prostate
Cancer?</b></i></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">
</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">If your prostate cancer spreads to other parts of your body, your doctor may
tell you that it's "metastatic" or that your cancer has
"metastasized."</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">
</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Most often, prostate cancer spreads to the bones or lymph nodes. It's also
common for it to spread to the liver or lungs. It's rarer for it to move to
other organs, such as the brain.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">
</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">It's still prostate cancer, even when it spreads. For example, metastatic
prostate cancer in a bone in your hip is not bone cancer. It has the same
prostate cancer cells the original tumor had.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">
</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Metastatic prostate cancer is an advanced form of cancer. There's no cure,
but you can treat it and control it. Most men with advanced prostate cancer
live a normal life for many years.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">
</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The goals of treatment are to:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Manage
symptoms</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Slow the
rate your cancer grows</span></li>
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the tumor</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">
</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Some cancers are called "locally advanced." That means the cancer
has spread from the prostate to nearby tissue. It's not the same as metastatic
cancer since it hasn't spread to other parts of your body. Many locally
advanced prostate cancers can be cured.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span></h3>
<h3>
<i><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">How Prostate Cancer Spreads</span></i></h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">
</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Cancer cells sometimes break away from the original tumor and go to a blood
or lymph vessel. Once there, they move through your body. The cells stop in
capillaries -- tiny blood vessels -- at some distant location.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">
</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The cells then break through the wall of the blood vessel and attach to
whatever tissue they find. They multiply and grow new blood vessels to bring
nutrients to the new tumor. Prostate cancer prefers to grow in specific areas,
such as lymph nodes or in the ribs, pelvic bones, and spine.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">
</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Most break-away cancer cells form new tumors. Many others don't survive in
the bloodstream. Some die at the site of the new tissue. Others may lie
inactive for years or never become active.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span></h3>
<h3>
<i><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Chances of Developing Metastatic Prostate Cancer</span></i></h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">
</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">About 50% of men diagnosed with local prostate cancer will get metastatic
cancer during their lifetime. Finding cancer early and treating it can lower
that rate.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">
</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">A small percentage of men aren't diagnosed with prostate cancer until it has
become metastatic. Doctors can find out if it's metastatic cancer when they
take a small sample of the tissue and study the cells.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<section class="page last scrolled-passed pageview-recorded" data-page-height="855" data-page-number="2" data-word-count="435" id="page-2">
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span></h3>
<h3>
<i><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">How Doctors Find Metastatic Prostate Cancer</span></i></h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">When you are diagnosed with prostate cancer, your doctor will order tests
such as:</span><br />
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">MRI
scans</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">These tests may focus on your skeleton and in your belly and pelvic areas.
That way doctors can check for signs that the cancer has spread.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">If you have symptoms such as bone pain and broken bones for no reason, your
doctor may order a bone scan. It can show if you have metastatic cancer in your
bones.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Your doctor will also ask for blood tests, including a check of PSA levels,
to look for other signs that the cancer is spreading.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">PSA is a protein made by the prostate gland. A rise in PSA is one of the
first signs your cancer may be growing. But PSA levels can also be high without
there being cancer, such as if you have an enlarged prostate or a prostate
infection.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">If you've been treated, especially if a surgeon removed your prostate, your
PSA levels should be so low they can't be found on a test. The presence of any
PSA after surgery is a concern.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Any rise in PSA after radiation or hormone treatment suggests the
possibility the cancer is spreading. In that case, your doctor may order the
same tests used to diagnose the original cancer, including a CT scan, MRI, or
bone scan.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Though very rare, it's possible to have metastatic prostate cancer without a
higher-than-normal PSA level.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">On average, 8 years pass from the time a man is first diagnosed with
prostate cancer to the discovery that it has become metastatic. If you've had
prostate cancer, work with your doctor to check your risk and set a schedule
for routine PSA checks.</span><br />
</section><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">
</span><br />
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</span></div>
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<br /></div>
Erwinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12982580847034408349noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7218369765904264317.post-49446962730994843572013-11-07T12:56:00.001+07:002013-11-07T12:56:36.560+07:00Multiple Sclerosis<!--[if !mso]>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"> </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3LYrUI08EO9M1dk2mdIc6WaDLxmkmvQWabNqu4NjxXuPOWaMlbRygfqzK18mq20tUcMW8KcMiiO_6GzorRNxWl-w5DGWxfhVxdf2IJXqH1EAQzvUBAHBbTspvBlnC9G1qcx-aQpp3Heo/s1600/webmd_rm_photo_of_nerve_damage.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3LYrUI08EO9M1dk2mdIc6WaDLxmkmvQWabNqu4NjxXuPOWaMlbRygfqzK18mq20tUcMW8KcMiiO_6GzorRNxWl-w5DGWxfhVxdf2IJXqH1EAQzvUBAHBbTspvBlnC9G1qcx-aQpp3Heo/s320/webmd_rm_photo_of_nerve_damage.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">What
Is Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">MS is
a chronic disease that damages the nerves in the spinal cord and brain, as well
as the optic nerves. Sclerosis means scarring, and people with MS develop
multiple areas of scar tissue in response to the nerve damage. Depending on
where the damage occurs, symptoms may include problems with muscle control,
balance, vision, or speech.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #bf9000;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">>> <span style="background-color: #ffd966;"><span style="color: black;">MS
Symptoms</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"><span style="color: #bf9000;"> </span></span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"><br /></span></h3>
<h4 class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"><span style="color: #f6b26b;"><i>Weakness or Numbness </i></span></span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Nerve
damage can cause: </span></div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Weakness
in an arm or leg</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Numbness</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Loss
of balance</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Muscle
spasms</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">These
symptoms may lead to frequent tripping or difficulty walking. </span></div>
<br /><h4 class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #f6b26b;"><i><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Vision Problems</span></i></span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGHHD4MMI-HKu1_27xBHlZvCafEtVHhqBQ9iAeW4vd8VLRR98aoPR86qX7HWZp7x4jEZlM45UJjatNt3vAC4fRQI4e-6yWOMufIbi8A_rDUuv9VLINmwhCP5h_7ZWHrJcULI7GWLi15Tg/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_ms_brain.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGHHD4MMI-HKu1_27xBHlZvCafEtVHhqBQ9iAeW4vd8VLRR98aoPR86qX7HWZp7x4jEZlM45UJjatNt3vAC4fRQI4e-6yWOMufIbi8A_rDUuv9VLINmwhCP5h_7ZWHrJcULI7GWLi15Tg/s320/princ_rm_photo_of_ms_brain.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">More
than half of people with MS experience a vision problem called optic neuritis.
This inflammation of the optic nerve may cause blurred vision, loss of color
vision, eye pain, or blindness, usually in one eye. The problem is usually
temporary and tends to improve within a few weeks. In many cases, vision
problems are the first sign of MS.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h4 class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #f6b26b;"><i><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Speech Problems</span></i></span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Although
less common than vision problems, some people with MS develop slurred speech.
This happens when MS damages the nerves that carry speech signals from the
brain. Some people also have trouble swallowing.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h4 class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #f6b26b;"><i><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Other
MS Symptoms</span></i></span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">MS can
take a toll on mental sharpness. Some people may find it takes longer to solve
problems. Others may have mild memory loss or trouble concentrating. Most
people with MS also experience some loss of bladder control, because signals
between the brain and bladder are interrupted. Finally, fatigue is a common
problem. You may feel tired even after a good night's sleep.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #e69138;"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Stroke
vs. MS</span></b></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsNrmsaiU4grIXwxoe2QhCtDOUuR9sAQtzgeY1LZXW1pGaxkljgSZVnsLYdn_44yGJLeNqU8m98P1tFXkYaunH2ewt9ZY-5p363YDurTjLf7cKonkVa0yxeyiK7pc96k_6lon5GW_EHxQ/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_damaged_brains.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsNrmsaiU4grIXwxoe2QhCtDOUuR9sAQtzgeY1LZXW1pGaxkljgSZVnsLYdn_44yGJLeNqU8m98P1tFXkYaunH2ewt9ZY-5p363YDurTjLf7cKonkVa0yxeyiK7pc96k_6lon5GW_EHxQ/s320/princ_rm_photo_of_damaged_brains.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Confusion,
slurred speech, and muscle weakness can be symptoms of MS, but they can also be
signs of a stroke. Anyone who suddenly has trouble speaking or moving their
limbs should be taken to the ER immediately. Treating a stroke within the first
few hours provides the best odds of a successful recovery.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #e69138;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">How MS
Attacks</span></span></h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXaMJRd_K9bzgZdvIuAK_dCiZhTKTNpLZItCTHAvm_E-GBhIHYTiCtXzdAFXgewg1E08LcSp5h1VMVoJ0ty4VXiKyQebgJX2pIRp6EjbP_MN7m_-eAWlVLIkGYUky75qLsWgAh7lKxjWk/s1600/phototake_rm_photo_of_ms_attacking_brain.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXaMJRd_K9bzgZdvIuAK_dCiZhTKTNpLZItCTHAvm_E-GBhIHYTiCtXzdAFXgewg1E08LcSp5h1VMVoJ0ty4VXiKyQebgJX2pIRp6EjbP_MN7m_-eAWlVLIkGYUky75qLsWgAh7lKxjWk/s320/phototake_rm_photo_of_ms_attacking_brain.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">In
people with MS, the body's own immune system attacks the tissue surrounding the
nerve fibers in the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. This covering is made
of a fatty substance called myelin. It insulates the nerves and helps them send
electrical signals that control movement, speech, and other functions. When
myelin is destroyed, scar tissue forms, and nerve messages are not transmitted
properly.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">What
Causes MS?</span></b></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">The
roots of MS remain mysterious, but doctors see some surprising trends. It's
most common in regions far from the equator, including Scandinavia and other
parts of Northern Europe. These areas get less sunlight, so some researchers
believe that vitamin D (the "sunshine vitamin") may be involved.
Research suggests a possible link between vitamin D deficiency and autoimmune
disorders, but studies are ongoing. Genetics appear to play a role as well.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Who
Gets MS?</span></b></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">MS is
at least twice as common in women as it is in men. While it can strike people
of any race, whites appear to be most at risk. The chances of developing the
condition are highest between ages 20 and 50.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #bf9000;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">>> <span style="background-color: #ffd966;"><span style="color: black;">Diagnosing MS </span></span></span></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEM8S0aBb-Cyh_YUTf3ZXvcTjm4lD1qkQ8ysnj7KFQu_wJo6UeKpA_EYFvUwfyeUCp21wbh4RuiW7PnM_-GEeu7SmPjPEo_1cTXXY2GHIXhO3hkf_ExcgkkMhDf3-9cOtNL-_evSJRw3Q/s1600/getty_rf_photo_of_brain_scan.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEM8S0aBb-Cyh_YUTf3ZXvcTjm4lD1qkQ8ysnj7KFQu_wJo6UeKpA_EYFvUwfyeUCp21wbh4RuiW7PnM_-GEeu7SmPjPEo_1cTXXY2GHIXhO3hkf_ExcgkkMhDf3-9cOtNL-_evSJRw3Q/s1600/getty_rf_photo_of_brain_scan.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Tests
are often used, along with a medical history and neurological exam, to diagnose
MS and rule out other causes of symptoms. More than 90% of people with MS have
scar tissue that shows up on an MRI scan. A spinal tap can check for
abnormalities in the fluid that bathes the brain and spinal cord. Tests to look
at electrical activity of nerves can also help with diagnosis. Lab tests can
help rule out other autoimmune conditions or infections such as HIV or Lyme
disease.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">How
Does MS Progress?</span></b></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">MS
follows a different pattern in every person, but many people can manage their
disease with treatment. Doctors see four forms:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Relapsing-remitting</span></i><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">: Symptoms flare during acute
attacks, then improve nearly completely or "remit." This is the most
common form of MS.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Primary-progressive</span></i><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">: MS slowly but steadily
worsens without improvements or acute flare-ups.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Secondary-progressive</span></i><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">: Begins as relapsing-remitting
type, then becomes progressive.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Progressive-relapsing</span></i><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">: The underlying disease
steadily worsens. The patient has acute relapses, which may or may not remit.
This is the least common form of MS.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<h4 class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="color: #e69138;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">MS and Weather</span></span></h4>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Research suggests that the
disease may be more active during the summer months. Heat and high humidity may
also temporarily worsen symptoms. Very cold temperatures and sudden changes in
temperature may aggravate symptoms as well.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #bf9000;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">>> <span style="background-color: #ffd966;"><span style="color: black;">Treating MS </span></span></span></span></h3>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h4 class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> <span style="color: #f6b26b;">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: #f6b26b;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Medications</span></span></h4>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">While there is no cure for MS,
there are "disease-modifying drugs" that can reduce the frequency and
severity of MS attacks. Use can result in less damage to the brain and spinal
cord over time, slowing the progression of disability. When an attack does
occur, high-dose corticosteroids can help cut it short. Many medications are
also available to manage troubling MS symptoms, such as muscle spasms,
incontinence, and pain.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<h4 class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> <span style="color: #f6b26b;">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: #f6b26b;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Pain
Management</span></span></h4>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">About half of people with MS
develop some form of pain, either as a result of a short circuit in the nervous
system or because of muscle spasms or strain. Doctors may prescribe
antidepressants and anticonvulsant medications to ease nerve pain. Pain
medicines and anti-spasm medicines may also be used. Muscle pain often responds
well to massage and physical therapy. Be sure to discuss your options with your
doctor if you find yourself in pain.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<h4 class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> <span style="color: #f6b26b;">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: #f6b26b;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Physical
Therapy</span></span></h4>
<h4>
</h4>
<h4 class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: #f6b26b;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"> </span></span></h4>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">If MS affects your balance, coordination,
or muscle strength, you can learn to compensate. Physical therapy can help you
strengthen muscles, combat stiffness, and get around more easily. Occupational
therapy can help you retain coordination in your hands for dressing and
writing. And if you're having trouble speaking or swallowing, a speech
therapist can help.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlV3P8JRrK4Ryq75ki7zXpoNC64pV_gHDaA9Ytb3NSkkxaJRpJmTrB3jXeahU7uwYG5QrEoQb-xj_23ZqJGA3ZLQqUSIwN12zoC6Dcr92l8ijrlYt1PX3KcDOYOtSTyaLKyhhI8lTemfs/s1600/getty_rf_photo_of_acupuncture_treatment.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlV3P8JRrK4Ryq75ki7zXpoNC64pV_gHDaA9Ytb3NSkkxaJRpJmTrB3jXeahU7uwYG5QrEoQb-xj_23ZqJGA3ZLQqUSIwN12zoC6Dcr92l8ijrlYt1PX3KcDOYOtSTyaLKyhhI8lTemfs/s320/getty_rf_photo_of_acupuncture_treatment.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Complementary Therapies for MS</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Many nontraditional therapies
for MS have not been well studied. Some people say acupuncture relieves
symptoms such as muscle spasms and pain, but research to confirm its value
isn't conclusive. Others have reported benefits from injections of bee venom,
but a rigorous study, lasting 24 weeks, showed no improvements in disability,
fatigue, or the number of MS attacks. It's important to inform your doctor
about any supplements, special diets, or other therapies you want to try.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<h4 class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="color: #e69138;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">MS and Pregnancy</span></span></h4>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Doctors generally agree that
it’s safe for women with MS to get pregnant. Research suggests no increased
risk of complications during pregnancy. In fact, many women have fewer MS
symptoms during pregnancy. High levels of hormones and proteins may suppress
the immune system, reducing the odds of a new attack. It's best to talk with
your doctors before pregnancy, as certain MS drugs should not be used while pregnant
or nursing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the early months after
delivery, the odds for a relapse can rise.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<i><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Staying Mobile With MS</span></b></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">The vast majority of people
with MS are able to continue walking, though many benefit from some type of
assistive device. Orthotic shoe inserts or leg braces can help increase
stability. When one leg is stronger than the other, a cane can help. People
with significant problems with their legs may need to use a walker. And a
wheelchair or scooter may be best for those who are very unsteady or tire
easily.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<i><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Adapting Your Home for MS</span></b></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Making a few changes around
your home can help you manage daily activities on your own. Install grab bars
inside and outside your shower or tub. Use a non-slip mat. Add an elevated seat
and safety rails to the toilet. Lower one of your kitchen counters so you can
reach it from a sitting position. And get rid of any throw rugs, which are a
tripping hazard.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<h4 class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="color: #e69138;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">MS and Exercise</span></span></h4>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Exercise can ease stiffness,
fatigue, and other symptoms of MS. But overdoing it could make things worse.
It's best to start slowly. Try exercising for 10 minutes at a time, then
gradually working your way up to a longer session. Before you begin, check with
your doctor about what type of activity and level of intensity would be most
appropriate. A few possibilities include water aerobics, swimming, tai chi, and
yoga.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<h4 class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="color: #f6b26b;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Outlook for MS</span></span></h4>
<h4>
</h4>
<h4 class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: #f6b26b;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"> </span></span></h4>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Most people with MS live a
normal or near-normal lifespan. While the condition may make it more difficult
to get around or complete certain tasks, it doesn't always lead to severe
disability. Thanks to effective medications, rehab therapies, and assistive
devices, many people with MS remain active, stay in their jobs, and continue to
enjoy their families and favorite activities.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<br />Erwinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12982580847034408349noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7218369765904264317.post-2356359011423311592013-11-06T18:17:00.000+07:002013-11-06T18:17:42.131+07:00Deep Vein Thrombosis<!--[if !mso]>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkh6Vz8TJ-cF4xBA7ydqyvRKx2DVqCKELro2lOLN-U5lcJPBAerEDiEYrE4OARI7F-t7zlq08OqDMhDf0gZimgK6Z-B6qY117Jb4Dw9iJmB21aqMWfWwTYaCVnhVD3GgNVPpgqUh8Rxw8/s1600/webmd_rm_photo_of_blood_clot_in_leg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkh6Vz8TJ-cF4xBA7ydqyvRKx2DVqCKELro2lOLN-U5lcJPBAerEDiEYrE4OARI7F-t7zlq08OqDMhDf0gZimgK6Z-B6qY117Jb4Dw9iJmB21aqMWfWwTYaCVnhVD3GgNVPpgqUh8Rxw8/s320/webmd_rm_photo_of_blood_clot_in_leg.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Deep vein thrombosis refers to a blood clot that develops
inside a larger vein - usually deep within the lower leg or thigh. DVT strikes
about half a million Americans every year and causes up to 100,000 deaths. The
danger is that part of the clot can break off and travel through the
bloodstream, where it can lodge in the lungs causing a blockage in blood flow,
organ damage, and death.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Symptoms </span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Unfortunately, DVT often goes unnoticed. About half of
people with DVT have no warning signs. Symptoms may include:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Redness</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Swelling</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Tenderness or pain</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">These happen in the area of the blood clot, which is usually
the leg </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">~ <span style="color: #f6b26b;">Dangers</span> of DVT : <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pulmonary Embolism</i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">If part of the clot breaks loose and travels through the
bloodstream, the results can be life-threatening. A clot that blocks the blood
supply to the lungs is called a pulmonary embolism. Symptoms include trouble
breathing, low blood pressure, fainting, faster heart rate, chest pain, and
coughing up blood.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">~ What <span style="color: #f6b26b;">Causes</span> DVT?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Anything that damages the inner lining of a vein may cause
DVT, including surgery, injury, or an immune system response. Blood that is
thick or flows too slowly is more likely to form a clot, especially in a vein
that is already damaged. Other things that raise the risk for blood clotting
include genetic disorders, hormone changes, and sitting for long periods of
time (such as when flying).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">~ Who’s at Risk for DVT?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">People with a <span style="color: #f6b26b;">higher risk</span> of DVT include:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>People who have cancer</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>People who have had surgery</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Anyone on extended bed rest</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>The elderly</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Smokers</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Long-distance travelers</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>People who are overweight or obese</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">~ DVT and <span style="color: #f6b26b;">Pregnancy</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Women have a greater risk of developing DVT during pregnancy
and the four to six weeks after giving birth. This is due to higher levels of
estrogen, which may make blood easier to clot. The pressure of an expanding
uterus can also slow blood flow of the veins as well. Certain blood disorders
can boost the risk even more.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">~ DVT and<span style="color: #f6b26b;"> Hormonal Birth Control</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Like pregnancy, hormonal birth control and postmenopausal
hormone therapy change blood chemistry and may increase risk of DVT, even in
women who don't have blood disorders.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">~ DVT and<span style="color: #f6b26b;"> Travel</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Traveling to new and faraway places can be exciting.
Squishing into a coach seat for a long international flight is not. Studies
show long-distance travel lasting more than four hours doubles your risk of
developing DVT. This includes travel by air, bus, train, or car. Not moving
around in these cramped conditions can cause sluggish blood flow.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgegmGoLAF7ebO2AwCOm-tLGjjO8fKL0SrAXxcLw8iW5VF3cQ4eOA5Fzhw-77Ni4k_j_pP3Scf0ixrYliCaO6MXXsrRQBEcBXwPh4ToVlcUo5Bshu2yylWKw4JZ9SwWYkJneEtzz3OV9pU/s1600/age_rm_photo_of_sonography_of_tibial_arteries.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgegmGoLAF7ebO2AwCOm-tLGjjO8fKL0SrAXxcLw8iW5VF3cQ4eOA5Fzhw-77Ni4k_j_pP3Scf0ixrYliCaO6MXXsrRQBEcBXwPh4ToVlcUo5Bshu2yylWKw4JZ9SwWYkJneEtzz3OV9pU/s320/age_rm_photo_of_sonography_of_tibial_arteries.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<h4 class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Diagnosing DVT</span></b></span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">An ultrasound is most often used to diagnose DVT. It uses
sound waves to create a picture of blood flow in the affected area and can
reveal a clot. Before recommending an ultrasound, your health care provider
will examine you and check you for signs of DVT. You may be asked about your
medical history, medications you are taking, family history, and about any
other factors that could raise your risk of DVT.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h4 class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Treating DVT: </span></b></span></h4>
<ul>
<li><span style="color: #f6b26b;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>Anticoagulants</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Anticoagulants,
which make the blood thinner, are the most common DVT treatment. They are taken
as a pill or by injection. They can’t break up an existing clot, but they
prevent new blood clots from forming, giving the body time to dissolve the clot
on its own.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<ul>
<li><span style="color: #f6b26b;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>Clot Busters</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwAVSNLVDsqakpFSdOxm95hP548J2v0guoeOlEahh1I1WWZYrDj5un-SMAYltj6czYP7OF9cCTxkCwNvVJ7L-VClGALgZpiD_0CDf7L_HYIzYNDOLmJQhPRqv_UJ_9XtSq24Xr5oY1Mw0/s1600/getty_rm_photo_of_iv_being_administered_to_patient.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwAVSNLVDsqakpFSdOxm95hP548J2v0guoeOlEahh1I1WWZYrDj5un-SMAYltj6czYP7OF9cCTxkCwNvVJ7L-VClGALgZpiD_0CDf7L_HYIzYNDOLmJQhPRqv_UJ_9XtSq24Xr5oY1Mw0/s320/getty_rm_photo_of_iv_being_administered_to_patient.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Medications that actually dissolve blood clots are called thrombolytics.
They can cause sudden, severe bleeding, so they are used only in emergencies:
for example, to dissolve a life-threatening blood clot that's traveled to the
lungs and is causing severe symptoms. Thrombolytics are given by IV in a
hospital.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Side
Effects of DVT Medications</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipDBH-eNKFiXP4DPZTfNHNdgdiSTT6wfLrFsygUMszBym3GtljJ26QPHIWmS4GTNTGgL5uK-eRjosGxfWWspK-YDW9wb5a-2AVMwbgOlivx6OHNE4v8AOBKDQactR4MxVZvkQHdRE4eZ8/s1600/getty_rf_photo_of_bruise_on_womens_thigh.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipDBH-eNKFiXP4DPZTfNHNdgdiSTT6wfLrFsygUMszBym3GtljJ26QPHIWmS4GTNTGgL5uK-eRjosGxfWWspK-YDW9wb5a-2AVMwbgOlivx6OHNE4v8AOBKDQactR4MxVZvkQHdRE4eZ8/s200/getty_rf_photo_of_bruise_on_womens_thigh.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Because
anticoagulants thin the blood, people who take them may get bruises often or
bleed more easily. Internal bleeding can be life-threatening, so if you take an
anticoagulant, your doctor can test your blood to make sure it's not too thin.
Some newer medications do not require routine laboratory monitoring of their
blood-thinning effect.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Warning
Signs of Internal Bleeding</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Signs
of internal bleeding in the belly include pain, vomit that is red or looks like
coffee grounds, and bright red or black stools. Bleeding in the brain can cause
severe headache or symptoms of stroke such as vision changes, abnormal
movement, and confusion. Go to the emergency room if you develop any of these
symptoms. Also check with your health care provider if you bleed a lot from
minor injuries.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<h4 class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Treating DVT: </span></b></span></h4>
<ul>
<li><span style="color: #f6b26b;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Vena Cava Filter</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga0JUNexANfN5zeM6XwOFvG3q2fOdFLjARaevDGhrwgnHsY-Pg1nGCR7EQiCg8gimxYDTOsvjxOExgHtDK0ZQvZxyIWMB7nvWKamBRYK5TIVSaOVnA-aaUYOhMwfx2uqed6F5EAOZ7Zj0/s1600/webmd_rf_photo_of_vena_cava_filter.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga0JUNexANfN5zeM6XwOFvG3q2fOdFLjARaevDGhrwgnHsY-Pg1nGCR7EQiCg8gimxYDTOsvjxOExgHtDK0ZQvZxyIWMB7nvWKamBRYK5TIVSaOVnA-aaUYOhMwfx2uqed6F5EAOZ7Zj0/s320/webmd_rf_photo_of_vena_cava_filter.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">If
you can't take anticoagulants or they are not working, your doctor may
recommend inserting a filter into a large vein called the vena cava. This
filter catches breakaway clots and prevents them from traveling to the lungs.
The filter won't stop new clots from forming or cure DVT itself, but it can
prevent a life-threatening pulmonary embolism </span></div>
<ul>
<li><span style="color: #f6b26b;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Compression Stockings</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZQHANCq1gw1hy0f31iSVHhFpPLz15q5B_STMVQsGHoOeTFdWsxkBw_krpqGBE8hzxtdzDcmeFf1HkMHfQZkJZQ241Q82QREG_Udxl9_nJfJjceo8UefWs4rilRihh0dDDkNUFGYee0mA/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_man_wearing_flight_sox..jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZQHANCq1gw1hy0f31iSVHhFpPLz15q5B_STMVQsGHoOeTFdWsxkBw_krpqGBE8hzxtdzDcmeFf1HkMHfQZkJZQ241Q82QREG_Udxl9_nJfJjceo8UefWs4rilRihh0dDDkNUFGYee0mA/s320/princ_rm_photo_of_man_wearing_flight_sox..jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Compression
stockings apply pressure to keep the blood in the legs from pooling and
clotting. They reduce swelling and help relieve discomfort in a leg where a
clot has already formed. You can get compression stockings over the counter or
by prescription. Prescription stockings provide greater pressure. </span></div>
<ul>
<li><span style="color: #f6b26b;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Home Care</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">To
reduce swelling and discomfort, keep the affected leg raised when possible. If
your doctor has recommended compression stockings, be sure to wear them even
when you're at home.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Long-Term
Complications of DVT</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Once
a blood clot is gone, DVT sometimes leaves behind an unpleasant calling card.
You may have long-term swelling, changes in skin color, and pain where the clot
was. These symptoms, known as post-thrombotic syndrome, sometimes show up even
a year after the clot.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<h4 class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Preventing DVT:</span></b></span></h4>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <b>
</b></span></span><b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>Exercise</b></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Being
active increases your blood flow, keeping it from pooling and clotting. Exercising
the lower leg muscles in particular can help prevent DVT. When you're not
active -- at your desk, for example -- take breaks to stretch your legs. Get up
and walk around if you can. Frequent exercise also reduces the risk of obesity,
which contributes to DVT risk.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><b>Travel Tips</b></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">When
traveling for more than four hours, avoid tight clothing and drink plenty of
water. Get up and walk around at least every two to three hours. If you have to
stay in your seat, find ways to keep your legs active. Try clenching and
releasing your leg muscles or lifting and lowering your heels with your toes on
the floor. And be sure to do plenty of sightseeing by foot once you arrive.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
Erwinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12982580847034408349noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7218369765904264317.post-55626315937639462952013-03-10T17:55:00.000+07:002013-03-29T08:57:33.211+07:00Atrial Fibrillation<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dyDA7m1lpvQKVyz-3dkUrvU-KOcYpFIDM7hpnbWNOASaLJVCbKylFKwlXj_RwFDTXnH9pmVbefl66RmYgg7TA' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<br />
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<br />
<h1>
</h1>
<h1>
</h1>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja4R7V9gfcjwfhhOwNbBKnYEkW0LjD2U205efVvK5DKUezb9c4pxGwemlvEN76HE4xifpzv-zRuRp-BQx8M4dbAGci3QlLfTGasgQnKJTWL3EsXcXBkq7q6pzCmvnxfHxZRkabzylp7aU/s1600/webmd_rf_photo_of_atrial_fibrillation.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja4R7V9gfcjwfhhOwNbBKnYEkW0LjD2U205efVvK5DKUezb9c4pxGwemlvEN76HE4xifpzv-zRuRp-BQx8M4dbAGci3QlLfTGasgQnKJTWL3EsXcXBkq7q6pzCmvnxfHxZRkabzylp7aU/s200/webmd_rf_photo_of_atrial_fibrillation.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<h3>
<i><span style="color: orange;">What Is Atrial Fibrillation?</span></i></h3>
Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is a condition that disrupts the body's regular
heartbeat. A glitch in the heart’s electrical system makes the upper chambers
(the atria) quiver. This causes the lower chambers (the ventricles) to beat
irregularly. AFib can be dangerous because it raises the risk of stroke and
heart failure.<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMn1rsGeCZwspO49cdRslwkh8HBsmnaGy1CQeyjY3a3pDPrORREKqHkR6uODxlUISlr1caEie7q-EAVATgrNm-0rJQlC8RGDnpmpnVjncQU-4dlw2UC1yZFcjpZL2TpI7uF5h117lVkUc/s1600/webmd_rf_photo_of_man_checking_his_pulse.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i>Warning Sign: Uneven Pulse</i></span></h3>
In many people, AFib does not cause obvious warning signs. <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMn1rsGeCZwspO49cdRslwkh8HBsmnaGy1CQeyjY3a3pDPrORREKqHkR6uODxlUISlr1caEie7q-EAVATgrNm-0rJQlC8RGDnpmpnVjncQU-4dlw2UC1yZFcjpZL2TpI7uF5h117lVkUc/s1600/webmd_rf_photo_of_man_checking_his_pulse.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMn1rsGeCZwspO49cdRslwkh8HBsmnaGy1CQeyjY3a3pDPrORREKqHkR6uODxlUISlr1caEie7q-EAVATgrNm-0rJQlC8RGDnpmpnVjncQU-4dlw2UC1yZFcjpZL2TpI7uF5h117lVkUc/s200/webmd_rf_photo_of_man_checking_his_pulse.jpg" width="200" /></a>When symptoms do
occur, they often include:<br />
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;">An uneven pulse </li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;">A racing or pounding
heart </li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;">A feeling that the heart is
fluttering </li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;">Chest pain</li>
</ul>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i>Normal Heart Rhythm vs. AFib</i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhel2YOLkep-65aC8H8NNq-KMSWiK22jlv428yh9BPdUDHqSFp6gegyY-FIXNT07DtjJ9QwYuk4xeG9txzKernXz84hjAnCAWDacwWdoWCp4xde68HTI1ZcUbOCg5WSKTKhaXR7FRcmdoM/s1600/webmd_rm_photo_of_heart_rhythm.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhel2YOLkep-65aC8H8NNq-KMSWiK22jlv428yh9BPdUDHqSFp6gegyY-FIXNT07DtjJ9QwYuk4xeG9txzKernXz84hjAnCAWDacwWdoWCp4xde68HTI1ZcUbOCg5WSKTKhaXR7FRcmdoM/s200/webmd_rm_photo_of_heart_rhythm.jpg" width="200" /></a>Electrical signals between the atria and ventricles help the heart pump
blood in steady rhythm. In AFib, the atria fire abnormal signals, which
make the top chambers quiver rapidly. The result can be irregular contractions
that can cause a fast, irregular heart rate (100-175 beats per minute). The
normal range is 60-100 beats per minute.<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i>Warning Sign: Dizziness</i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOx9L4SY9XcCXNv6T8iYvq4MCqwyaWhhuY9BCWdY52t0M5lxf2EEcgifGbbdc-WGrZpT2AZtW0cRRVQfaGeJP-0BKmTIhrbaRqya7KnTwGwhlXKXVoPIM4MDqZ5QTiZsXDnGG1h6vifRc/s1600/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_dizzy_person.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOx9L4SY9XcCXNv6T8iYvq4MCqwyaWhhuY9BCWdY52t0M5lxf2EEcgifGbbdc-WGrZpT2AZtW0cRRVQfaGeJP-0BKmTIhrbaRqya7KnTwGwhlXKXVoPIM4MDqZ5QTiZsXDnGG1h6vifRc/s200/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_dizzy_person.jpg" width="200" /></a>An irregular heartbeat can take a toll on the body, leading to problems such
as:<br />
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;">Dizziness</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;">Breathlessness</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;">Weakness and fatigue</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;">Fainting</li>
</ul>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i>AFib and Stroke</i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFRwCDx0-Eem0tRrqR50vn_CURmG8_yhNAwNhhHQUYtPr0_cCVHwWr-XPESXCC7fDcKQmAmSbQG5ZdDWN9AxYl26cWUXgbtcCX2_JEmczEnoqatGVyON_a4B_zrp-hqa37g800X-102uM/s1600/webmd_rm_photo_of_blood_clot.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFRwCDx0-Eem0tRrqR50vn_CURmG8_yhNAwNhhHQUYtPr0_cCVHwWr-XPESXCC7fDcKQmAmSbQG5ZdDWN9AxYl26cWUXgbtcCX2_JEmczEnoqatGVyON_a4B_zrp-hqa37g800X-102uM/s200/webmd_rm_photo_of_blood_clot.jpg" width="200" /></a>If the heart isn’t pumping like it should, blood can pool and may form a
clot. This clot can travel through the bloodstream to the brain, causing a
stroke. People with AFib are five times more likely to have a stroke than those
without it.<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i>When to Seek Emergency Care</i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaj2TDunxbL3uOH7LUf-3k0tHU944WFD61lgMFz9zwUlqwmm5dm7yyS1kfaswm5gmpof-4CpK_18umaBXGsZL2ftaFP3lk3NJcQVWf6ZFyP7tk1aCA-rDz8OFDXzRKCFIg1OYZ-hLCgu0/s1600/getty_rf_photo_of_man_holding_chest.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaj2TDunxbL3uOH7LUf-3k0tHU944WFD61lgMFz9zwUlqwmm5dm7yyS1kfaswm5gmpof-4CpK_18umaBXGsZL2ftaFP3lk3NJcQVWf6ZFyP7tk1aCA-rDz8OFDXzRKCFIg1OYZ-hLCgu0/s200/getty_rf_photo_of_man_holding_chest.jpg" width="200" /></a>AFib is not always an emergency, but you should call 911 if you have any of
these symptoms:<br />
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;">Severe chest pain</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;">Uneven pulse and feeling
faint</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;">Signs of a stroke, such as
numbness or slurred speech</li>
</ul>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i>What Causes AFib?</i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidoQ9sxXMdNjdVNEkfpINhEb_8onE08hAudPOrWMAtmR_ACOFdM0wy4fUuG1AXEGN2aEdfVNnxX6zG7j0J2SBitr6hBJbS4rvYjBwgHmNkHI3R5eBoEkispM6kqo2sGgdxXvQICxUOqyc/s1600/photolibrary_rm_photo_of_blood_pressure_monitor.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidoQ9sxXMdNjdVNEkfpINhEb_8onE08hAudPOrWMAtmR_ACOFdM0wy4fUuG1AXEGN2aEdfVNnxX6zG7j0J2SBitr6hBJbS4rvYjBwgHmNkHI3R5eBoEkispM6kqo2sGgdxXvQICxUOqyc/s200/photolibrary_rm_photo_of_blood_pressure_monitor.jpg" width="200" /></a>The most common triggers are conditions that strain the heart, including:<br />
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;">High blood pressure</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;">Coronary artery disease and
heart attacks</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;">Heart failure</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;">Problems with the heart
valves</li>
</ul>
In some cases, AFib may come from thyroid disorders or serious infections
like pneumonia.<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i>Risk Factors You Can't Control</i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZJ3YOMskXZATKZ6-nXAAIpTek2C2AXH0IKdAcMf3uZ0j9nb25pwHNu5ZWtB4CQWPVm0MGPeP2Y-SEpqm6Eu26Fijxl7ub8_rVgW1zw6uCRXVN22L_gspIA_8wkw2c4FB5_bvJsP3QtIg/s1600/getty_rm_photo_of_older_man_driving.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZJ3YOMskXZATKZ6-nXAAIpTek2C2AXH0IKdAcMf3uZ0j9nb25pwHNu5ZWtB4CQWPVm0MGPeP2Y-SEpqm6Eu26Fijxl7ub8_rVgW1zw6uCRXVN22L_gspIA_8wkw2c4FB5_bvJsP3QtIg/s200/getty_rm_photo_of_older_man_driving.jpg" width="200" /></a>Besides heart conditions, there are several factors that raise your risk of
developing AFib. Some of these are outside of your control:<br />
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;">Being male and white</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;">Being over age 60</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;">A family history of AFib</li>
</ul>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i>Risk Factors You Can Control</i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcGN4MarTSON-WMnmlpJy7rWZEYgQZZ31ZVYUsMB2cGYYcqq91jYosMvZt4Aow_26Z9wZr6S8AsgX8oZKYHxa4nKCpZKVAqHIy_4Efelt_lqAGaRY7P54nAyHgeIbUQnH7L5FoVZ3EA-s/s1600/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_cigar_and_cocktail.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcGN4MarTSON-WMnmlpJy7rWZEYgQZZ31ZVYUsMB2cGYYcqq91jYosMvZt4Aow_26Z9wZr6S8AsgX8oZKYHxa4nKCpZKVAqHIy_4Efelt_lqAGaRY7P54nAyHgeIbUQnH7L5FoVZ3EA-s/s200/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_cigar_and_cocktail.jpg" width="200" /></a>Your lifestyle and habits can also raise your risk. AFib has been linked to:<br />
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;">Obesity</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;">Lung disease</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;">Certain prescription drugs
like albuterol</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;">Stimulants, including some
illegal drugs, and heavy use of nicotine</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;">Drinking too much alcohol</li>
</ul>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i>Heart Surgery Can Be a Trigger</i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV1fgO0jbya7iQmDyTe0T9PXiLhnLFXTvi2yYgQbqkNIDiciwPz73N8niGpQUKN4JuBjB5wjn1qxFiAhwEPgJ1aEVeCo1HLECvDL8JwYkOoJDSdMFrnEtCkkjb1A_3BO0FcPMkGYosfBo/s1600/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_surgeon_conducting_operation.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV1fgO0jbya7iQmDyTe0T9PXiLhnLFXTvi2yYgQbqkNIDiciwPz73N8niGpQUKN4JuBjB5wjn1qxFiAhwEPgJ1aEVeCo1HLECvDL8JwYkOoJDSdMFrnEtCkkjb1A_3BO0FcPMkGYosfBo/s200/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_surgeon_conducting_operation.jpg" width="200" /></a>Having a coronary artery bypass or other type of heart surgery can trigger
AFib. When AFib happens after surgery, it increases the risk of other
complications. The good news is this type of AFib is usually short-lived.<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i>Lone AFib</i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAnOBnH08s_6big5Y4x2t8PUpy3TRUYte6d32SOVMRmF_OO_lpqjDVYD9iz7IsxgqCYUZMi7ezf8n0C4sToR3vb6DwfF3IiKYftPm8pvXVxbZc5yCA7V4orA8dZtc4kXANPGeyQewl498/s1600/getty_rf_photo_of_doctor_listening_to_heart.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAnOBnH08s_6big5Y4x2t8PUpy3TRUYte6d32SOVMRmF_OO_lpqjDVYD9iz7IsxgqCYUZMi7ezf8n0C4sToR3vb6DwfF3IiKYftPm8pvXVxbZc5yCA7V4orA8dZtc4kXANPGeyQewl498/s200/getty_rf_photo_of_doctor_listening_to_heart.jpg" width="200" /></a>Sometimes AFib happens without an obvious trigger. This is called lone AFib,
and it’s more common in people younger than 65. You may need treatment if
a rapid heartbeat causes troubling symptoms. Doctors may recommend treating
lone AFib to reduce the risk of stroke in certain people.<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i>Diagnosing AFib: EKG</i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4pp8-jyYusTwHTP5ywCYyqVd565ONcZ2iz5_BIcOmfuoM_Ks_yu-RTdjqOaddwWch8yLdaakJQmVguiOOkvhyke956ryjRirRqKU8ZTcQSENptjKIx48GRz3LuajF704cxKUcBcB1dew/s1600/getty_rm_photo_of_man_getting_ekg.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4pp8-jyYusTwHTP5ywCYyqVd565ONcZ2iz5_BIcOmfuoM_Ks_yu-RTdjqOaddwWch8yLdaakJQmVguiOOkvhyke956ryjRirRqKU8ZTcQSENptjKIx48GRz3LuajF704cxKUcBcB1dew/s200/getty_rm_photo_of_man_getting_ekg.jpg" width="200" /></a>The surest way to detect AFib is with an electrocardiogram (EKG). This
painless test records the electrical activity of your heart and reveals
problems with the heart’s rhythm. You can take the test in a doctor’s office,
or your doctor may ask you to wear a device that records your heart’s activity
continuously for 24 hours or more.<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i>Other Tests for AFib</i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTbfqt89LvaBMkMVhlCuUrNBmEWFIxEEIb4gCh5ghQL5S7Sc7NxYtXvXYMesP9YnjW_KxAHCzt8jkktfPBAeVkshtBYMcS1po7ls9epwREBjlibweO5VaB3fJqcOPge9iuziujQVlt7TU/s1600/phototake_rm_photo_of_echocardiography.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTbfqt89LvaBMkMVhlCuUrNBmEWFIxEEIb4gCh5ghQL5S7Sc7NxYtXvXYMesP9YnjW_KxAHCzt8jkktfPBAeVkshtBYMcS1po7ls9epwREBjlibweO5VaB3fJqcOPge9iuziujQVlt7TU/s200/phototake_rm_photo_of_echocardiography.jpg" width="200" /></a>If an EKG shows that you have AFib, your doctor may order other tests to
learn more about your heart. An echocardiogram or ultrasound of the heart can
show whether there is any valve damage or signs of heart failure. A stress test
can show how well your heart is performing. Your doctor may also order tests to
look for conditions that may have triggered your AFib.<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i>The Course of AFib</i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJgeeK2gUDdYZnzHtAGTFMs40yWBIZZmDx-mGD2sU6C_ycVCB4sMhnA0kNAQGcsPGloALMwD4OdqS2z6N_JrKGQYuHmxdkeOcEcy4Ps-C7ty7iA9En4qlcm0tboGa9fNtH10ACQfXlGYw/s1600/getty_rf_photo_of_man_running.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJgeeK2gUDdYZnzHtAGTFMs40yWBIZZmDx-mGD2sU6C_ycVCB4sMhnA0kNAQGcsPGloALMwD4OdqS2z6N_JrKGQYuHmxdkeOcEcy4Ps-C7ty7iA9En4qlcm0tboGa9fNtH10ACQfXlGYw/s200/getty_rf_photo_of_man_running.jpg" width="200" /></a>When people first develop AFib, it may come and go. The irregular heart
rhythm may last anywhere from a few seconds to a few weeks before returning to
normal. In some people, the heart rhythm can remain irregular. If the
trigger is a thyroid problem, pneumonia, or other treatable illness, AFib
usually goes away once the cause is treated.<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i>Treatment: Cardioversion</i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ63w1cZBbpX6tFWmmnTIwSXNvHTBpvArW9Loa2EAUDQdeFG1IOww3Wh9Kfe2btJPAsvtkbwvGsXHm1sBZzpd5oY8tM-Mw4Ez0aZxqyM-SW1Hfq12bdGLBISTHf-SU4bfi6-VH9Jp61oA/s1600/getty_rf_photo_of_doctor_with_defibrillator.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ63w1cZBbpX6tFWmmnTIwSXNvHTBpvArW9Loa2EAUDQdeFG1IOww3Wh9Kfe2btJPAsvtkbwvGsXHm1sBZzpd5oY8tM-Mw4Ez0aZxqyM-SW1Hfq12bdGLBISTHf-SU4bfi6-VH9Jp61oA/s200/getty_rf_photo_of_doctor_with_defibrillator.jpg" width="200" /></a>In some cases, your doctor may try to restore a normal heart rhythm with an
electrical shock or medication. This is known as cardioversion. If you’ve been
having AFib for more than 48 hours, cardioversion could raise your risk of
stroke. In that case, you may need to take a blood thinner for several weeks
before your doctor tries it, as well as after cardioversion.<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i>Treatment: Medication</i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNstxN3f0dEgUmIJWWQdeAXPd94OKuTcfqLBFZ1ArAypaM41P40EbW6YnhKDRXR2ecLvu_8-sR1h31DIIkyCX1zuthFuf6tZn12uNFD6P2vjXx4NBZbq-RXBtBjB1X_ZurZ2dBOWZiydc/s1600/getty_rf_photo_of_pills_on_table.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNstxN3f0dEgUmIJWWQdeAXPd94OKuTcfqLBFZ1ArAypaM41P40EbW6YnhKDRXR2ecLvu_8-sR1h31DIIkyCX1zuthFuf6tZn12uNFD6P2vjXx4NBZbq-RXBtBjB1X_ZurZ2dBOWZiydc/s200/getty_rf_photo_of_pills_on_table.jpg" width="200" /></a>If your symptoms are mild, or if AFib comes back after cardioversion, you
may be able to control it with medicine. Rhythm-control medicines help regulate
your heart rhythm. Rate-control medicines keep your heart from beating too
fast. Daily aspirin or anti-clotting medicines such as dabigatran, rivaroxaban,
or warfarin can help reduce the risk of stroke in certain people with
AFib.<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i>Treatment: Ablation</i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf7krb_7c3hJ2Nxx2uYvtu4uUxwQE8BvC9zj-hH9573L06ji8yGukr6I1eCwsJptcapIO-wijsMBS6RvB62s0WsGr2WZ0mje58G6IbwPpZtQuDzh8s7ORjNn7QemKQDAVgD07yYKAVyWw/s1600/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_heart_surgery.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf7krb_7c3hJ2Nxx2uYvtu4uUxwQE8BvC9zj-hH9573L06ji8yGukr6I1eCwsJptcapIO-wijsMBS6RvB62s0WsGr2WZ0mje58G6IbwPpZtQuDzh8s7ORjNn7QemKQDAVgD07yYKAVyWw/s200/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_heart_surgery.jpg" width="200" /></a>If cardioversion and medications can't control the symptoms of AFib,
radiofrequency ablation may help. This procedure uses radiofrequency energy to
destroy the heart tissue that sends out faulty electrical signals. Although it
does not require open heart surgery, ablation has some risks. It is only
recommended for people who have serious symptoms despite trying other
treatments.<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i>Treatment: Surgery</i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYuolWJHFdQRZwhqidKrdGlOunfSrO5SZLUt7i2ZrDcTUsx62U3zentlsWU2EsiIYRsHfHSldw313LeGQzkTZnPJ62Yw8UngiP5WwAgsBdiqGobNjZXXp_9FNFBNFwMo5AeqwBuY8EEE0/s1600/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_operating_room.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYuolWJHFdQRZwhqidKrdGlOunfSrO5SZLUt7i2ZrDcTUsx62U3zentlsWU2EsiIYRsHfHSldw313LeGQzkTZnPJ62Yw8UngiP5WwAgsBdiqGobNjZXXp_9FNFBNFwMo5AeqwBuY8EEE0/s200/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_operating_room.jpg" width="200" /></a>A type of surgery called the maze procedure can cure AFib. Doctors make a
pattern of small cuts to create scar tissue in the atria. The scar tissue
blocks the abnormal signals that cause AFib. Doctors usually do this procedure
during open heart surgery, but some medical centers are now offering a
minimally invasive procedure.<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i>Treatment: Pacemaker</i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU6AQDMte93qWKI_iEXARdMkMfeWcwmnOHKlHtaq7YfwNyhOMpyckd2BwZrK2PmI2DJcd1vdWawMaGBzL-m1iUucx-Ez4k-qVWTdL6IaF73rHCwnFM-RaUp3lKZc6fvkI1EeuW4gMOz44/s1600/getty_rf_photo_of_pacemaker.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU6AQDMte93qWKI_iEXARdMkMfeWcwmnOHKlHtaq7YfwNyhOMpyckd2BwZrK2PmI2DJcd1vdWawMaGBzL-m1iUucx-Ez4k-qVWTdL6IaF73rHCwnFM-RaUp3lKZc6fvkI1EeuW4gMOz44/s200/getty_rf_photo_of_pacemaker.jpg" width="200" /></a>A pacemaker is a small, battery-powered device that regulates your heart
rate by firing off electrical signals. For example, it can be helpful for
people who have a very slow heart rate. It can relieve symptoms such as fatigue
and shortness of breath. A pacemaker is also required after certain types of
ablation. Implanting a pacemaker in the chest is considered minor surgery and
usually takes about an hour.<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i>AFib: Outlook</i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7JHO7PavQWoYZb3LzrKuf4FIQZKLlpCLgoFjB7rR1M_b07y7jw84i4AtTxhg36_v9JEXkLAObYmZ773Y05UmOEOBh3TrZY1sDQ0jvlrd7wD8_GY91GZOwtnJRG3n0GKGjuTLreBu9iXY/s1600/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_older_man_playing_tennis.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7JHO7PavQWoYZb3LzrKuf4FIQZKLlpCLgoFjB7rR1M_b07y7jw84i4AtTxhg36_v9JEXkLAObYmZ773Y05UmOEOBh3TrZY1sDQ0jvlrd7wD8_GY91GZOwtnJRG3n0GKGjuTLreBu9iXY/s200/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_older_man_playing_tennis.jpg" width="200" /></a>Many people find that AFib has no impact on their daily lives. Others must
try different treatments to manage troubling symptoms like weakness, shortness
of breath, or fainting. In either case, it’s important that people with AFib
take steps to reduce the risk of stroke.<br />
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<span style="color: orange;"><i>Preventing AFib</i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-4oXjoVLGfY6m8vR92jGthuDW2j8T0tTnyay1ruwVetJRw0KUcaxdMa75yiinGQVuts73bqKwfRP_dVO0VrWWz1UZkGebwocfB7bx9h3-3ERjfexHxuS7V0YtJOlvxMQzaC_PQkelvgA/s1600/istock_rf_photo_of_salmon_dinner.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-4oXjoVLGfY6m8vR92jGthuDW2j8T0tTnyay1ruwVetJRw0KUcaxdMa75yiinGQVuts73bqKwfRP_dVO0VrWWz1UZkGebwocfB7bx9h3-3ERjfexHxuS7V0YtJOlvxMQzaC_PQkelvgA/s200/istock_rf_photo_of_salmon_dinner.jpg" width="200" /></a>The same healthy habits that protect against heart disease will protect
against AFib:<br />
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;">Eat a nutritious diet that
includes fish.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;">Exercise regularly.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;">Control your blood pressure.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;">Avoid smoking.</li>
</ul>
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<h3>
<span style="color: orange;"><i>Check Your Pulse Regularly</i></span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZFeNW-9_hOW3jlSY8KkLZnNNZ_3IJOjSkW9SO7mI0eTEHg56ugMjkzbKuWf6APbrVJu7dEpnO5vduXBSXm5hiE51sDdH3vwBgQBf05aJfWYOyjQNmwR78igdWw0kx8WbC3qYDvtdVYYc/s1600/getty_rm_photo_of_woman_checking_her_pulse.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZFeNW-9_hOW3jlSY8KkLZnNNZ_3IJOjSkW9SO7mI0eTEHg56ugMjkzbKuWf6APbrVJu7dEpnO5vduXBSXm5hiE51sDdH3vwBgQBf05aJfWYOyjQNmwR78igdWw0kx8WbC3qYDvtdVYYc/s200/getty_rm_photo_of_woman_checking_her_pulse.jpg" width="200" /></a>AFib can lead to a stroke or other serious problem before it causes
noticeable symptoms. To catch an irregular heartbeat early, the National Stroke
Association recommends checking your pulse once a month -- especially if you
are over 40 or have risk factors for stroke. If the rhythm seems unsteady or
you have any concerns, contact your health care professional.<br />
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Erwinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12982580847034408349noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7218369765904264317.post-82144344241678034732012-09-11T18:51:00.000+07:002012-09-11T18:51:17.289+07:00All About "Cholesterol"<!--[if !mso]>
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</div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">What Is Cholesterol?</span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9UCC1_fiHHXscOH14YrVAAyokK1SP-j7tv5tZRh4BAEP2I_I_q5ShezUsGG6ve9HWUHLF1lecACcpcdEO480ylscLE7dkpeVPloRZ062-kQjIIVZkNEeJHmbxgNQ_a91XF1P5rVE32mU/s1600/cholesterol-101-s1-photo-of-cholesterol-collage.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9UCC1_fiHHXscOH14YrVAAyokK1SP-j7tv5tZRh4BAEP2I_I_q5ShezUsGG6ve9HWUHLF1lecACcpcdEO480ylscLE7dkpeVPloRZ062-kQjIIVZkNEeJHmbxgNQ_a91XF1P5rVE32mU/s200/cholesterol-101-s1-photo-of-cholesterol-collage.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">We may associate
cholesterol with fatty foods, but most of the waxy substance is made by our own
bodies. The liver produces 75% of the cholesterol that circulates in our blood.
The other 25% comes from food. At normal levels, cholesterol actually plays an
important role in helping cells do their jobs. But cholesterol levels are
precariously high in more than 100 million Americans.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Symptoms of High Cholesterol</span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP0NEKp8GjTkzUPsfFQmCBSaxQEs521Rxmd64nIBfMHQQl5umhFb3sGbmRwh05R3guC7lyI77yB4S9Kc8gDplXizsoCcEdWioL6xgobGSxeW4NSn_Rshdmnlr7wMgL03BQPjIvF1iqc3I/s1600/cholesterol-101-s2-illustration-of-clogged-artery.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP0NEKp8GjTkzUPsfFQmCBSaxQEs521Rxmd64nIBfMHQQl5umhFb3sGbmRwh05R3guC7lyI77yB4S9Kc8gDplXizsoCcEdWioL6xgobGSxeW4NSn_Rshdmnlr7wMgL03BQPjIvF1iqc3I/s200/cholesterol-101-s2-illustration-of-clogged-artery.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">High cholesterol
does not cause any symptoms. But it does cause damage deep within the body.
Over time, too much cholesterol may lead to a buildup of plaque inside the
arteries. Known as atherosclerosis, this condition narrows the space available
for blood flow and can trigger heart disease. The good news is high cholesterol
is simple to detect, and there are many ways to bring it down.</span><br />
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<h3>
<span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Cholesterol Testing</span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiG1QS6aILUVSB8PM-AYXtS6oBXMjx3WM3C3R7cn8gF1Cs-iVxbgG6xs1xAwZrEF49In_Y3LCzR9q6ZoH1r5YIQvCQLb-ahKUJ9XjfThrUDobB-ZJ027AKumwL-NBBosF8Lboo_83RNugc/s1600/cholesterol-101-s3-photo-of-hdl-and-ldl.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiG1QS6aILUVSB8PM-AYXtS6oBXMjx3WM3C3R7cn8gF1Cs-iVxbgG6xs1xAwZrEF49In_Y3LCzR9q6ZoH1r5YIQvCQLb-ahKUJ9XjfThrUDobB-ZJ027AKumwL-NBBosF8Lboo_83RNugc/s200/cholesterol-101-s3-photo-of-hdl-and-ldl.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">People older than
20 should have their cholesterol levels checked at least once every five years.
This is done with a simple blood test known as a fasting lipoprotein profile.
It measures the different forms of cholesterol that are circulating in your
blood after you avoid eating for nine to 12 hours. The results show your levels
of "bad" cholesterol, "good" cholesterol, and triglycerides.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">'Bad' Cholesterol</span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_92iy0iL9gs4RAqpf6SbZgUMXZwAPUPD9j7rtraQQeDH9vQ23KIl12WGnsS0nTNTGMhEB7ewGmxy3wENNRsuJWyIl-BXugJotK6YCZgNPU750NOpgJvN-6dEuzUKvM2nJiPgzYj9l-48/s1600/cholesterol-101-s4-photo-of-hamburger-patties.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_92iy0iL9gs4RAqpf6SbZgUMXZwAPUPD9j7rtraQQeDH9vQ23KIl12WGnsS0nTNTGMhEB7ewGmxy3wENNRsuJWyIl-BXugJotK6YCZgNPU750NOpgJvN-6dEuzUKvM2nJiPgzYj9l-48/s200/cholesterol-101-s4-photo-of-hamburger-patties.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Most of the
cholesterol in the blood is carried by proteins called low density lipoproteins
or LDL. This is known as the bad cholesterol because it combines with other
substances to clog the arteries. A diet high in saturated fats and trans fats
tends to raise the level of LDL cholesterol. For most people, an LDL score
below 100 is healthy, but people with heart disease may need to aim even lower.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">'Good' Cholesterol</span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfCTRJwp9rwBWW-MM8NvuVcV9_V54gZ9W80q27wJ0416KnLL3Wd8pgDrSCT9qnkFJpl3aeUfe414ugDCHHo8ExtzemvrDG113XkXzLann8gx1LHQ3tZi2AIXAUsgGMrwJkefMRh6NiqcA/s1600/cholesterol-101-s5-photo-of-olive-oil.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfCTRJwp9rwBWW-MM8NvuVcV9_V54gZ9W80q27wJ0416KnLL3Wd8pgDrSCT9qnkFJpl3aeUfe414ugDCHHo8ExtzemvrDG113XkXzLann8gx1LHQ3tZi2AIXAUsgGMrwJkefMRh6NiqcA/s200/cholesterol-101-s5-photo-of-olive-oil.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Up to a third of
blood cholesterol is carried by high-density lipoproteins or HDL. This is
called good cholesterol because it helps remove bad cholesterol, preventing it
from building up inside the arteries. The higher the level of HDL cholesterol,
the better. People with too little are more likely to develop heart disease.
Eating healthy fats, such as olive oil, may help boost HDL cholesterol.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Triglycerides</span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYnJiqGmrGcuAuFp2_cmaGPjvKKpH0O8y8IzROC2-skziRVSbH-gJZbfADE0MQGR-QfjgOwglezvhI3CLL3h0_KCHSLfnQ05VQrUM_cWNEBaE6DqrpDFLHdhKCGpa0kqOsSRw13D3jWLg/s1600/cholesterol-101-s6-photo-of-gummy-bears.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYnJiqGmrGcuAuFp2_cmaGPjvKKpH0O8y8IzROC2-skziRVSbH-gJZbfADE0MQGR-QfjgOwglezvhI3CLL3h0_KCHSLfnQ05VQrUM_cWNEBaE6DqrpDFLHdhKCGpa0kqOsSRw13D3jWLg/s200/cholesterol-101-s6-photo-of-gummy-bears.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The body converts
excess calories, sugar, and alcohol into triglycerides, a type of fat that is
carried in the blood and stored in fat cells throughout the body. People who
are overweight, inactive, smokers, or heavy drinkers tend to have high
triglycerides, as do those who eat a very high-carb diet. A triglycerides score
of 150 or higher puts you at risk for metabolic syndrome, which is linked to
heart disease and diabetes.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Total Cholesterol</span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNbpEIvByFNq1Rc2EqXPlGxWkgRdnw6kK5bOZD32FLJxyOqvRb0_oliGRAekXlIc6wnAOtLPIIepktmHFejcNJeIWntFz88C4XWfefHW9n3Stz7VQ2ZR8Vg7bUkFkmFnBjhlhwRO0gNUE/s1600/cholesterol-101-s7-photo-of-fat-cells.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNbpEIvByFNq1Rc2EqXPlGxWkgRdnw6kK5bOZD32FLJxyOqvRb0_oliGRAekXlIc6wnAOtLPIIepktmHFejcNJeIWntFz88C4XWfefHW9n3Stz7VQ2ZR8Vg7bUkFkmFnBjhlhwRO0gNUE/s200/cholesterol-101-s7-photo-of-fat-cells.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Total cholesterol
measures the combination of LDL, HDL, and VLDL (very low density lipoprotein)
in your bloodstream. VLDL is a precursor of LDL, the bad cholesterol. A total
cholesterol score of under 200 is considered healthy in most cases. People who
score in the "high" range have an increased risk of developing heart
disease compared to those who score below 200.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Cholesterol Ratio</span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH8IR9zBn_OBZJEpLLBC602lx964-2RiJO5L_z8bviluwz3i_K-HrCMiNpaD-O_tLR4jkzO89NeykODamsoyLpy-aEuiF8KOgdiyORovkO4FDh2A1guk7E3XjBJb6FUdLMX4o98JiHc8c/s1600/cholesterol-101-s8-photo-of-test-tubes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH8IR9zBn_OBZJEpLLBC602lx964-2RiJO5L_z8bviluwz3i_K-HrCMiNpaD-O_tLR4jkzO89NeykODamsoyLpy-aEuiF8KOgdiyORovkO4FDh2A1guk7E3XjBJb6FUdLMX4o98JiHc8c/s200/cholesterol-101-s8-photo-of-test-tubes.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">To calculate your
cholesterol ratio, divide your total cholesterol by your HDL cholesterol. For
example, a total score of 200 divided by an HDL score of 50 equals a
cholesterol ratio of 4 to 1. Doctors recommend maintaining a ratio of 4 to 1 or
lower. The smaller the ratio, the better. While this figure is useful in
estimating heart disease risk, it's not as important in guiding treatment.
Doctors look at total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol to
determine treatment.</span><br />
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<h3>
<span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Cholesterol in Food</span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmSEGWd9kwE4NZK-3-cxtmA5Jh0R8ia87xaT_fVSKM5BtX_BKn2CUQ1tVwKJkyHppWxRSkG-CXclYr01aqo4MGc8xFmASGBWMLBZ9U720FfctoCgHiXtBuHRv4K5pplZwjnNIIShbRIqk/s1600/cholesterol-101-s9-photo-of-cholesterol-rich-foods.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmSEGWd9kwE4NZK-3-cxtmA5Jh0R8ia87xaT_fVSKM5BtX_BKn2CUQ1tVwKJkyHppWxRSkG-CXclYr01aqo4MGc8xFmASGBWMLBZ9U720FfctoCgHiXtBuHRv4K5pplZwjnNIIShbRIqk/s200/cholesterol-101-s9-photo-of-cholesterol-rich-foods.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Cholesterol-rich
foods, like eggs, shrimp, and lobster are no longer completely forbidden.
Research shows that the cholesterol we eat has only a small effect on blood
cholesterol levels for most people. A few people are "responders,"
whose blood levels spike up after eating eggs. But for most, saturated fat and
trans fats are bigger concerns. Daily cholesterol limits are 300 mg for healthy
people and 200 mg for those at higher risk. One egg has 186 mg of cholesterol.</span><br />
<br />
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<h3>
<span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Cholesterol and Family History</span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeT9PnlIZkarJE6VEhVGR3O5onV-FlH5nfPviuFrlrBdby_WdTlH4fxQW-aPZ3QpdfmzAYzgveWFVDvpN1g_vsY27GDtc0Ls3T_ZdVfyouLJtkkElS1_xfRFrlgNIAJaGEh0YBbObYyG4/s1600/cholesterol-101-s10-photo-of-family-dinner.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeT9PnlIZkarJE6VEhVGR3O5onV-FlH5nfPviuFrlrBdby_WdTlH4fxQW-aPZ3QpdfmzAYzgveWFVDvpN1g_vsY27GDtc0Ls3T_ZdVfyouLJtkkElS1_xfRFrlgNIAJaGEh0YBbObYyG4/s200/cholesterol-101-s10-photo-of-family-dinner.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Cholesterol comes
from two sources -- the body and food -- and either one can contribute to high
cholesterol. Some people inherit genes that trigger too much cholesterol
production. For others, diet is the main culprit. Saturated fat and cholesterol
occur in animal-based foods, including meat, eggs, and dairy products made with
milk. In many cases, high cholesterol stems from a combination of diet and
genetics.</span><br />
<br />
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<h3>
<span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">What Boosts Your Risk?</span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhc2emCR17rOhZZFpK9rMbbnqiyF4vQ_0dVvaGs-JcacRePWG_2glwN3MeRVRnmLQrUmAoZ8oz4ab61qD0uU1sUHDVKPD1ulG6IH_LCioxDOMXQ3ndX1hsYv_SZskRIkDhY2kssTC20Evk/s1600/cholesterol-101-s11-photo-of-cake-slice.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhc2emCR17rOhZZFpK9rMbbnqiyF4vQ_0dVvaGs-JcacRePWG_2glwN3MeRVRnmLQrUmAoZ8oz4ab61qD0uU1sUHDVKPD1ulG6IH_LCioxDOMXQ3ndX1hsYv_SZskRIkDhY2kssTC20Evk/s200/cholesterol-101-s11-photo-of-cake-slice.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Several factors
can make you more likely to develop high cholesterol:</span><br />
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">A diet high in saturated fats and cholesterol</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">A family history of high cholesterol</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Being overweight or obese</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Getting older</span></li>
</ul>
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<h3>
<span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Cholesterol and Gender</span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrsd3VT7239SdWBk0JzGdsl4gDT0TEmxDzIJriHtsGtotq9ZoLmYDRcZx1m1ztUd5aAIbX8Ycx8-k4X31eM0SScurLOPaw-p0zcIHpF8AndJv5UfRtnBGn2TF1R0Cmutl1dS1p8Z7y3fM/s1600/cholesterol-101-s12-photo-of-mother-and-daughter.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrsd3VT7239SdWBk0JzGdsl4gDT0TEmxDzIJriHtsGtotq9ZoLmYDRcZx1m1ztUd5aAIbX8Ycx8-k4X31eM0SScurLOPaw-p0zcIHpF8AndJv5UfRtnBGn2TF1R0Cmutl1dS1p8Z7y3fM/s200/cholesterol-101-s12-photo-of-mother-and-daughter.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Until menopause,
women typically have lower total cholesterol levels than men of the same age.
They also have higher levels of HDL cholesterol, the good kind. One reason is <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">estrogen</i>: The female sex hormone raises
the level of HDL cholesterol. Estrogen production peaks during the childbearing
years and drops off during menopause. After age 55, a woman's risk of
developing high cholesterol begins to climb.</span><br />
<br />
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<h3>
<span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Cholesterol and Children</span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCs3wgI15WPpbf-cjytxm4jvg2W99APkB_NFBcZ2iAgJA5Y8uQ5nRXNSCiXd2NOUa_pyuVG5xE652wAg1KdaKDJ-WxOMbiBtxVMm6B562UvGJEFn8_UppMbgtEotrR0LdxhFowfECkfxA/s1600/cholesterol-101-s13-photo-of-child-eating-fast-food.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCs3wgI15WPpbf-cjytxm4jvg2W99APkB_NFBcZ2iAgJA5Y8uQ5nRXNSCiXd2NOUa_pyuVG5xE652wAg1KdaKDJ-WxOMbiBtxVMm6B562UvGJEFn8_UppMbgtEotrR0LdxhFowfECkfxA/s200/cholesterol-101-s13-photo-of-child-eating-fast-food.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">There's evidence
that cholesterol can begin clogging the arteries during childhood, leading to
atherosclerosis and heart disease later in life. The American Heart Association
recommends kids and teenagers with high cholesterol take steps to bring it
down. Ideally, total cholesterol should be below 170 in people ages 2 to 19.</span><br />
<br />
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<h3>
<span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Why High Cholesterol Matters</span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhihDpWr4Mfu584SM88YexGejijFn-UAld5dVDmxMlf_7rP2qh9hEnVM8VHoh3amPfv0pmwckteY1x7ZbuUl3-SbNE8fDx-bTvONEExOOmqZYu2HuNld4cyrLOC2PZPu6pFRJmubbsCxQA/s1600/cholesterol-101-s14-photo-of-cholesterol-and-the-heart.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhihDpWr4Mfu584SM88YexGejijFn-UAld5dVDmxMlf_7rP2qh9hEnVM8VHoh3amPfv0pmwckteY1x7ZbuUl3-SbNE8fDx-bTvONEExOOmqZYu2HuNld4cyrLOC2PZPu6pFRJmubbsCxQA/s200/cholesterol-101-s14-photo-of-cholesterol-and-the-heart.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">High cholesterol
is one of the major risk factors for coronary artery disease, heart attacks,
and strokes. It also appears to boost the risk of Alzheimer's disease. As we
saw earlier, high cholesterol leads to a buildup of plaque that narrows the
arteries. This is dangerous because it can restrict blood flow. If the blood
supply to a part of the heart or brain is completely cut off, the result is a
heart attack or stroke.</span><br />
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<h3>
<span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Cholesterol Buster: Eat More
Fiber</span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeFCKfnpes_UCTeYOsx1lG5mfibkDXWjdKag0ouk9j43lJ6LNw0u6jlanwbb9h__y-rzYY05im-WjdnNSSb6kOJThqblShjV2y-qFIpvGkZyUa5tfbIPVnC8Gts4hCNAZQ6cHbmq9okd4/s1600/cholesterol-101-s15-photo-of-high-fiber-cereal.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeFCKfnpes_UCTeYOsx1lG5mfibkDXWjdKag0ouk9j43lJ6LNw0u6jlanwbb9h__y-rzYY05im-WjdnNSSb6kOJThqblShjV2y-qFIpvGkZyUa5tfbIPVnC8Gts4hCNAZQ6cHbmq9okd4/s200/cholesterol-101-s15-photo-of-high-fiber-cereal.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Diet changes
offer a powerful way to fight high cholesterol. If you've ever wondered why
some cereals claim to be heart-healthy, it's the fiber. The soluble fiber found
in many foods helps reduce LDL, the bad cholesterol. Good sources of soluble
fiber include whole-grain breads and cereals, oatmeal, fruits, dried fruits,
vegetables, and legumes such as kidney beans.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /></span>
<h3>
<span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Cholesterol Buster: Know Your
Fats</span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizBMgX5nA46zl7KzljTK8Ou9m_d-5JnOsPIMsS4XVDfPFbtERqxqz439q39TBYA5GN_1XK_1Vd73H3PAIL_Rl-nhvchZx7XfLXaRKBUKrFFOCAS1o46P4vMcaBmd5VnUlgy6P6EE8J2Uc/s1600/cholesterol-101-s16-photo-of-donut-and-avocado.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizBMgX5nA46zl7KzljTK8Ou9m_d-5JnOsPIMsS4XVDfPFbtERqxqz439q39TBYA5GN_1XK_1Vd73H3PAIL_Rl-nhvchZx7XfLXaRKBUKrFFOCAS1o46P4vMcaBmd5VnUlgy6P6EE8J2Uc/s200/cholesterol-101-s16-photo-of-donut-and-avocado.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">No more than 35%
of your daily calories should come from fat. But not all fats are equal.
Saturated fats -- from animal products and tropical oils -- raise LDL
cholesterol. Trans fats carry a double-whammy, boosting bad cholesterol, while
lowering the good kind. These two bad fats are found in many baked goods, fried
foods (doughnuts, fries, chips), stick margarine, and cookies. Unsaturated fats
may lower LDL when combined with other healthy diet changes. They're found in
avocados, olive oil, and peanut oil. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /></span>
<h3>
<span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Cholesterol Buster: Smart Protein</span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSFzfZeR0d98WofL9nYSmdJlcfmwbmtpP50IwBRJmJsgbBtH1xw0LuWP9zJehRkudoE7AC0AHbu5Wpcl2VSra-6VSF_tu-J4Jhbdumm3h7SgMCpHX5Fun375jn1KSh_X39Ae4WITRIHf4/s1600/cholesterol-101-s17-photo-of-good-protein.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSFzfZeR0d98WofL9nYSmdJlcfmwbmtpP50IwBRJmJsgbBtH1xw0LuWP9zJehRkudoE7AC0AHbu5Wpcl2VSra-6VSF_tu-J4Jhbdumm3h7SgMCpHX5Fun375jn1KSh_X39Ae4WITRIHf4/s200/cholesterol-101-s17-photo-of-good-protein.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Meat and full-fat
milk offer plenty of protein, but they are also major sources of cholesterol.
You may be able to reduce LDL cholesterol by switching to soy protein, such as
tofu, at some meals. Fish is another great choice. It's rich in omega-3 fatty
acids, which can improve cholesterol levels. The American Heart Association
recommends eating fish at least twice a week.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /></span>
<h3>
<span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Cholesterol Buster: Low-Carb Diet</span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhe-hGscYfTYubu847DD8FzRL99TjxQOY3uuAd67zwcRL2asfTfViNmvHsRLnqpY4aisOQ2WhdutwsUwNUxg0lpGF71oD_12D21ZyXbnMfKxBDCpTSc344TXplmOSLnQB92MsJ4QKsKMGs/s1600/cholesterol-101-s18-photo-of-omelette.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhe-hGscYfTYubu847DD8FzRL99TjxQOY3uuAd67zwcRL2asfTfViNmvHsRLnqpY4aisOQ2WhdutwsUwNUxg0lpGF71oD_12D21ZyXbnMfKxBDCpTSc344TXplmOSLnQB92MsJ4QKsKMGs/s320/cholesterol-101-s18-photo-of-omelette.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">There's growing
evidence that low-carb diets may be better than low-fat diets for improving
cholesterol levels. In a two-year study funded by the National Institutes of
Health, people who followed a low-carb plan had significantly better HDL (good
cholesterol) levels than those who followed a low-fat plan.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span><br />
<h3>
<span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal;"> Cholesterol Buster: Lose Weight</span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5ePrQI6ck1e47N60EjaJewApNvpqMb5GXMhSY0UUOhvGQfwmg4UWi7QSg4jtbGultaHg8poFolj8iniAYGkvD4XvsMqYbVJs6K0RIP9DG0Sez3cAA-jkEkgjVF3G-vpPQFG1kiccF7tM/s1600/cholesterol-101-s19-photo-of-woman-on-scale.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5ePrQI6ck1e47N60EjaJewApNvpqMb5GXMhSY0UUOhvGQfwmg4UWi7QSg4jtbGultaHg8poFolj8iniAYGkvD4XvsMqYbVJs6K0RIP9DG0Sez3cAA-jkEkgjVF3G-vpPQFG1kiccF7tM/s200/cholesterol-101-s19-photo-of-woman-on-scale.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">If you're
overweight, talk to your doctor about beginning a weight loss program. Losing
weight can help you reduce your levels of triglycerides, LDL, and total
cholesterol. Shedding even a few pounds can also boost your good cholesterol
level -- it tends to go up one point for every 6 pounds you lose.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /></span>
<h3>
<span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Cholesterol Buster: Quit Smoking</span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSab8BQpbqdXfmRiog9g3PPJ59TiM4VByjOcf-kR7or1o3uOk2QIOVoQvnhyJ2jrB02vUN1oMsPk2ISBbBSZYl1K2_4z1RGzfPFat1trII8P50OwkQ7kSTqSzU3FeMIWufGcWZOxfKJEI/s1600/cholesterol-101-s20-photo-of-no-smoking-sign.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSab8BQpbqdXfmRiog9g3PPJ59TiM4VByjOcf-kR7or1o3uOk2QIOVoQvnhyJ2jrB02vUN1oMsPk2ISBbBSZYl1K2_4z1RGzfPFat1trII8P50OwkQ7kSTqSzU3FeMIWufGcWZOxfKJEI/s200/cholesterol-101-s20-photo-of-no-smoking-sign.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Giving up tobacco
is tough, but here's one more reason to try. When you stop smoking, your good
cholesterol is likely to improve by as much as 10%. You may be more successful
if you combine several smoking cessation strategies. Talk to your doctor about which
options are best for you.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span><br />
<h3>
<span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal;"> Cholesterol Buster: Exercise</span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjS95bfcWj6PR-0cE0WcK5DOUkGjbCBFZjlv7yJxj94tzIYNDiAmHVXN9NLr82E_6r1Sbax6T1iFjLg3wu1L7eiM_xcaJjXipFlpRmN7Yp-OsimA5m-txnWwN8M0unZdC50azs0IJrHrtU/s1600/getty_rm_photo_of_family_walking_in_garden.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjS95bfcWj6PR-0cE0WcK5DOUkGjbCBFZjlv7yJxj94tzIYNDiAmHVXN9NLr82E_6r1Sbax6T1iFjLg3wu1L7eiM_xcaJjXipFlpRmN7Yp-OsimA5m-txnWwN8M0unZdC50azs0IJrHrtU/s200/getty_rm_photo_of_family_walking_in_garden.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">If you're healthy
but not very active, starting an aerobic exercise program could increase your
good cholesterol by 5% in the first two months. Regular exercise also lowers
bad cholesterol. Choose an activity that boosts your heart rate, such as
running, swimming, or walking briskly, and aim for at least 30 minutes on most
days of the week. It doesn't have to be 30 continuous minutes; two 15-minute
walks works just as well.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /></span>
<h3>
<span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Treatment: Medications</span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFQnypdm0MSSeIaAJaem71zia3QCbMP-ypmQ9aPkfb3vdZraRx16J_IcXcZh6uJ6wtWVK3Ki6eiwXV9RDnkrZCCsHSkSy_EWXnWOWx3zqvM3arOglFtqKZLAMDyUF2fJLxAx897pGtd4c/s1600/cholesterol-101-s22-photo-of-colored-pills.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFQnypdm0MSSeIaAJaem71zia3QCbMP-ypmQ9aPkfb3vdZraRx16J_IcXcZh6uJ6wtWVK3Ki6eiwXV9RDnkrZCCsHSkSy_EWXnWOWx3zqvM3arOglFtqKZLAMDyUF2fJLxAx897pGtd4c/s200/cholesterol-101-s22-photo-of-colored-pills.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">If high
cholesterol runs in your family, diet and exercise may not be enough to get
your numbers where you want them. In that case, medication can give your
cholesterol levels an extra nudge. Statins are usually the first choice. They
block the production of cholesterol in the liver. Other options include
cholesterol absorption inhibitors, bile acid resins, and fibrates. Your doctor
may recommend a combination of these medications.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /></span>
<h3>
<span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Treatment: Supplements</span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAaqjaCdVzzU6YGX2Pc6gcYNm6LaPABQ3MklYsilSB2ThUPHL7f5L53nddNVb6MIx9_TYHsGCbgO4PG8PsuB_J6NcCeMvnl7cy0kc4d13Z67neu5KYuzZZwtPzOoyAIWtbMESmDdHNQs0/s1600/cholesterol-101-s23-photo-of-flax-seed-oil.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAaqjaCdVzzU6YGX2Pc6gcYNm6LaPABQ3MklYsilSB2ThUPHL7f5L53nddNVb6MIx9_TYHsGCbgO4PG8PsuB_J6NcCeMvnl7cy0kc4d13Z67neu5KYuzZZwtPzOoyAIWtbMESmDdHNQs0/s200/cholesterol-101-s23-photo-of-flax-seed-oil.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Certain dietary
supplements may also improve cholesterol levels. These include flaxseed oil,
fish oil, and plant sterols, such as beta-sitosterol. Prescription niacin, a
B-complex vitamin, has been found to raise good cholesterol while reducing bad
cholesterol. Niacin found in ordinary supplements should not be used to lower
cholesterol.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /></span>
<h3>
<span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Herbal Remedies</span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3ZrOO3sXtbZ1A3BZPQEf-pHhK3UhffnYyvZ3Cdkb0xpju5c06Jwc39lcjrxDPhnToU6e59WQr_yajM-OkVi3KnHJ8qRn-PQHVrf2MaFXnuPcocgaRnKod9btPiuSOaCjpmsqWBnzrbmk/s1600/cholesterol-101-s24-photo-of-garlic.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3ZrOO3sXtbZ1A3BZPQEf-pHhK3UhffnYyvZ3Cdkb0xpju5c06Jwc39lcjrxDPhnToU6e59WQr_yajM-OkVi3KnHJ8qRn-PQHVrf2MaFXnuPcocgaRnKod9btPiuSOaCjpmsqWBnzrbmk/s200/cholesterol-101-s24-photo-of-garlic.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Some studies
suggest garlic can knock a few percentage points off total cholesterol. But
garlic pills can have side effects and may interact with medications. Other
herbs that may reduce cholesterol include:</span><br />
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Fenugreek seeds</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Artichoke leaf extract</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Yarrow</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Holy basil</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /></span>
<h3>
<span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">How Low Should You Go?</span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiagHInq5AenpEYP1jxY01HaO0V7ltSziAvt9WBhJ4ktVj0Cx2lkGrM9GdL8yAuRMviBjrEyyCvT7lP535DfZcdekvIqzKJoQA5wnwNZLJMTvN5Sksj0421oH9HUUgYpEr7RrQNYXXot4I/s1600/cholesterol-101-s25-photo-of-woman-stretching.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiagHInq5AenpEYP1jxY01HaO0V7ltSziAvt9WBhJ4ktVj0Cx2lkGrM9GdL8yAuRMviBjrEyyCvT7lP535DfZcdekvIqzKJoQA5wnwNZLJMTvN5Sksj0421oH9HUUgYpEr7RrQNYXXot4I/s200/cholesterol-101-s25-photo-of-woman-stretching.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Many people are
able to lower cholesterol levels through a combination of medication and
lifestyle changes. But how low is low enough? For people with diabetes or a high
risk of developing heart disease, an LDL score of less than 100 is desirable.
If you already have heart disease or coronary artery disease, some doctors
recommend reducing LDL to 70 or lower.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /></span>
<h3>
<span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Can the Damage Be Undone?</span></h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXSgetngUPD_VeZhQcmHmof7cyRbgd9TPs6Hrpl7okFNPxE2BnRDwjQRmH0qaucWP36NRHALNPgq2OBnVy43iFYBDUc9q7XL7RrZVP0tIKgX67-_sHLOWpvEjJnrUX3J6yajiRyhUXUXU/s1600/cholesterol-101-s26-photo-of-vegetable-soup.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXSgetngUPD_VeZhQcmHmof7cyRbgd9TPs6Hrpl7okFNPxE2BnRDwjQRmH0qaucWP36NRHALNPgq2OBnVy43iFYBDUc9q7XL7RrZVP0tIKgX67-_sHLOWpvEjJnrUX3J6yajiRyhUXUXU/s200/cholesterol-101-s26-photo-of-vegetable-soup.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">It takes years
for high cholesterol to clog the arteries with plaque. But there is evidence
that atherosclerosis can be reversed, at least to some degree. Dean Ornish, MD,
has published several studies showing that a low-fat vegetarian diet, stress
management, and moderate exercise can chip away at the build-up inside the
coronary arteries. Other research supports the idea that big drops in
cholesterol can somewhat help open clogged arteries.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Erwinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12982580847034408349noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7218369765904264317.post-48270000661854488672012-07-21T08:22:00.000+07:002012-07-21T08:22:38.072+07:00Eye Problems<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcucPyOOhiBVoM95lBkUF6PTSjR3Nw80OXGDJRKRNEbG4l2y6p7F_P2X0hwJd1O0c0KvMEf2qjIhbJepculEsYrNloK5OkDe2ZRRnr8H_74SkTZBj39ZXUmkUCYdTayNH9WJR_Wi3Qjnc/s1600/getty_rm_photo_of_close_up_of_eye.jpg"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcucPyOOhiBVoM95lBkUF6PTSjR3Nw80OXGDJRKRNEbG4l2y6p7F_P2X0hwJd1O0c0KvMEf2qjIhbJepculEsYrNloK5OkDe2ZRRnr8H_74SkTZBj39ZXUmkUCYdTayNH9WJR_Wi3Qjnc/s320/getty_rm_photo_of_close_up_of_eye.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><br />
<br />
<div style="color: #e69138; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;">Warning Signs of
Eye Trouble</span></b></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Blurry vision,
spots, glare at night -- these are common eye complaints that can be harmless
annoyances or an early sign of disease. In the slides ahead, we explore several
eye problems and offer two quick eye tests. You'll see the world through eyes
that have floaters, cataracts, myopia, and glaucoma. Be sure to see an eye
doctor promptly for any concerns.</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL5MfjQErzgGuiRszHvYkwzI2KQZ80VJryDEgRokH8vgdI1DU9dT-katROrrgt7-Y_HuA_W4Bj4slKg2NTUPgcgra-J5YJg_2FdGz6eZ5zwoIq4ULwP3tT_9dzYErlZ68rUEXL7BaxDvo/s1600/getty_rm_photo_of_ishihara_chart.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL5MfjQErzgGuiRszHvYkwzI2KQZ80VJryDEgRokH8vgdI1DU9dT-katROrrgt7-Y_HuA_W4Bj4slKg2NTUPgcgra-J5YJg_2FdGz6eZ5zwoIq4ULwP3tT_9dzYErlZ68rUEXL7BaxDvo/s1600/getty_rm_photo_of_ishihara_chart.jpg"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL5MfjQErzgGuiRszHvYkwzI2KQZ80VJryDEgRokH8vgdI1DU9dT-katROrrgt7-Y_HuA_W4Bj4slKg2NTUPgcgra-J5YJg_2FdGz6eZ5zwoIq4ULwP3tT_9dzYErlZ68rUEXL7BaxDvo/s320/getty_rm_photo_of_ishihara_chart.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><br />
<br />
<div style="color: #e69138; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;">Color Blindness
Test</span></b></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Which number do
you see in the far left? If it's "3," you probably have normal color
vision. If it's a "5," you may be colorblind. This view is
simulated in the center panel and represents a mild color vision
deficiency. About 10% of men are born colorblind, but few women. Complete
color blindness (very rare) is simulated at right. No number is visible. Tinted
glasses may help the colorblind see better.</span> <br />
<br />
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2CHfNzcBsRfOp11jNdfgnxHvCSpHKKwnH_IyF6BFrRh6dmvkG76nfmuOLWf4WnS072ytfXMaGa8Lx7OZ9_vbcU2l4b-DCDSSs9096HKDR5d4js7c0puDfgvV7d6PWQC8WhHWkUbFgDqk/s1600/webmd_rf_photo_of_person_with_presbyopia.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguU3yUXn05Z5x9ytnfPDtW1AL-BLLXARRdlpKQZU0KxCObeVa3qg3VE411iAZO_QaKOJVqmNfkQPFqCBb1_Bv2C54AVLaXYPjek1aWBeJBCmRNaPl6kR2TgZdIAzQ4tuNYzRKYn4AyBuk/s1600/webmd_rf_photo_of_driver_squinting.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguU3yUXn05Z5x9ytnfPDtW1AL-BLLXARRdlpKQZU0KxCObeVa3qg3VE411iAZO_QaKOJVqmNfkQPFqCBb1_Bv2C54AVLaXYPjek1aWBeJBCmRNaPl6kR2TgZdIAzQ4tuNYzRKYn4AyBuk/s200/webmd_rf_photo_of_driver_squinting.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><br />
<br />
<div style="color: #e69138; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;">Nearsightedness
(Myopia)</span></b></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">About 33% of
Americans (ages 12-54) have a blurry view of distant objects, called
myopia, up from about 25% in the early 1970s. Risk factors include:</span><br />
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Family history (one or both parents)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Lots of prolonged, close-up reading</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Trouble with
driving, sports, or seeing a blackboard or the TV may ensue. Symptoms include
headaches, squinting, and fatigue. Myopia can be treated with glasses,
contacts, or surgery in some cases.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSwU6JyWWUk3S6_zUJXVQj0RC8ED1f1CJASAr3TkY-TbUCwUUqJxfXqqdPekRor7WQHo6h10MPcWTXekcQ-WK-TKdH6ldTDHPjgaxq2wnnlZ20G81B6DTwa2-YB7J9t-nG32xe2qT1Xk4/s1600/webmd_rf_photo_of_farsighted_vision.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSwU6JyWWUk3S6_zUJXVQj0RC8ED1f1CJASAr3TkY-TbUCwUUqJxfXqqdPekRor7WQHo6h10MPcWTXekcQ-WK-TKdH6ldTDHPjgaxq2wnnlZ20G81B6DTwa2-YB7J9t-nG32xe2qT1Xk4/s200/webmd_rf_photo_of_farsighted_vision.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: #e69138; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;">Farsightedness
(Hyperopia)</span></b></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Most of us are
born with mild farsightedness, but normal growth in childhood often corrects
the problem. When it persists, you may see distant objects well, but books,
knitting, and other close objects are a blur. Hyperopia runs in families.
Symptoms include trouble with reading, blurry vision at night, eyestrain, and
headaches. It can be treated with glasses, contacts, or surgery in some cases.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2CHfNzcBsRfOp11jNdfgnxHvCSpHKKwnH_IyF6BFrRh6dmvkG76nfmuOLWf4WnS072ytfXMaGa8Lx7OZ9_vbcU2l4b-DCDSSs9096HKDR5d4js7c0puDfgvV7d6PWQC8WhHWkUbFgDqk/s1600/webmd_rf_photo_of_person_with_presbyopia.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2CHfNzcBsRfOp11jNdfgnxHvCSpHKKwnH_IyF6BFrRh6dmvkG76nfmuOLWf4WnS072ytfXMaGa8Lx7OZ9_vbcU2l4b-DCDSSs9096HKDR5d4js7c0puDfgvV7d6PWQC8WhHWkUbFgDqk/s200/webmd_rf_photo_of_person_with_presbyopia.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><br />
<br />
<div style="color: #e69138; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;">Presbyopia</span></b></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Just like gray
hair or wrinkles, trouble reading fine print is a sign of aging.
Called presbyopia -- or "old eye" in Greek -- symptoms appear
in the 40s. The eyes' lenses become less flexible and can't change shape
to focus on objects at reading distance. The solution: reading glasses or
bifocals, which correct both near and distance vision. If you wear contacts,
ask your eye doctor about contacts made for people with presbyopia.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieus6xmH6G-Q8d7zn3K0dIaH4zctIYAdempiLpcIaBCp7EJWTD2Wbb6bRBjfGCTFHBEpl6G-WCbWnTVMwYLyqXPOPRsG_58GUIgD4R_atJaX8Ui_JhPJ1ZpKqWhVJU3z-PCfPOEY1Y200/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_myopia_illustration.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieus6xmH6G-Q8d7zn3K0dIaH4zctIYAdempiLpcIaBCp7EJWTD2Wbb6bRBjfGCTFHBEpl6G-WCbWnTVMwYLyqXPOPRsG_58GUIgD4R_atJaX8Ui_JhPJ1ZpKqWhVJU3z-PCfPOEY1Y200/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_myopia_illustration.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieus6xmH6G-Q8d7zn3K0dIaH4zctIYAdempiLpcIaBCp7EJWTD2Wbb6bRBjfGCTFHBEpl6G-WCbWnTVMwYLyqXPOPRsG_58GUIgD4R_atJaX8Ui_JhPJ1ZpKqWhVJU3z-PCfPOEY1Y200/s200/princ_rm_photo_of_myopia_illustration.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><br />
<br />
<div style="color: #e69138; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;">Nearsightedness:
What Happens</span></b></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Typically, an
eyeball that's too long causes myopia. But an abnormally shaped cornea or lens
can also be to blame. Light rays focus just in front of the retina, instead of
directly on it. This sensitive membrane lines the back of the eye (seen in
yellow) and sends signals to the brain through the optic nerve. Nearsightedness
often develops in school-age children and teens, who need to change glasses or
contacts frequently as they grow. It usually stabilizes by the early 20s.</span><br />
<br />
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3bJSAmuqgUxgBxO79sCqBdgMt6nEgqcacaqcKE3uL5k3Mt4CGIkpSSV5buvl5fcSmn_Pm_VtBk6jPct5AaZBVPKJ_wYdOdSTlDsO_fZl47UaAvCSPu95B1G9L0Ntlbgy4cO5PCNcYUdU/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_hyperopia_illustration.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3bJSAmuqgUxgBxO79sCqBdgMt6nEgqcacaqcKE3uL5k3Mt4CGIkpSSV5buvl5fcSmn_Pm_VtBk6jPct5AaZBVPKJ_wYdOdSTlDsO_fZl47UaAvCSPu95B1G9L0Ntlbgy4cO5PCNcYUdU/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_hyperopia_illustration.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3bJSAmuqgUxgBxO79sCqBdgMt6nEgqcacaqcKE3uL5k3Mt4CGIkpSSV5buvl5fcSmn_Pm_VtBk6jPct5AaZBVPKJ_wYdOdSTlDsO_fZl47UaAvCSPu95B1G9L0Ntlbgy4cO5PCNcYUdU/s200/princ_rm_photo_of_hyperopia_illustration.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><br />
<br />
<div style="color: #e69138; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;">Farsightedness:
What Happens</span></b></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">In hyperopia, the
cause is often an eyeball that is too short. Light rays focus behind the
retina, causing close objects to be blurry. In severe cases of hyperopia,
especially after the age of 40, distance vision can be blurred as well. An
abnormal shape in the cornea or lens can also lead to farsightedness. Children
with significant hyperopia are more likely to have crossed eyes (strabismus)
and may have difficulty reading. That’s one of the reasons eye doctors
recommend vision exams for young children.</span><br />
<br />
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglNB04akPkBG7HnZYZfNcC1Q9wxt0nLrLvOoX210nvs82YQIS4lYp0oyebCIkE0hLKDFmvH-prb13XNW6vtiWU9TCdTDY28c9JUOdUBLaKzfHKRQKQb-J3bPgb9VZRZ-4D8QcTt1nuImI/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_astimatism_illustration.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglNB04akPkBG7HnZYZfNcC1Q9wxt0nLrLvOoX210nvs82YQIS4lYp0oyebCIkE0hLKDFmvH-prb13XNW6vtiWU9TCdTDY28c9JUOdUBLaKzfHKRQKQb-J3bPgb9VZRZ-4D8QcTt1nuImI/s200/princ_rm_photo_of_astimatism_illustration.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><br />
<br />
<div style="color: #e69138; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;">Astigmatism</span></b></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Your vision may
be out of focus at any distance with an astigmatism in one or both eyes. It
occurs when the cornea, the clear “window” that covers the front of the eye, is
misshapen. Light rays can be scattered in different points on the retina,
rather than focusing on a single point. Glasses or contact lenses correct the
problem, and surgery may be another option. Along with blurred vision, symptoms
may include headaches, fatigue, and eye strain.</span><br />
<br />
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2N_fNsXRCB_90n9LRH2IYbOa4v2gYRVE3Dg4g4f3tKT03jjZNfhx0SC-24FY_zoFUP5dJ5GFUnhq3x-vVeQ70GndPZfXtyzwSNDEYqbj6LAoox6BsgXrIUK9EDAJsnVfJ7GHa8OMmQ8I/s1600/phototake_rm_photo_of_eye_surgery.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2N_fNsXRCB_90n9LRH2IYbOa4v2gYRVE3Dg4g4f3tKT03jjZNfhx0SC-24FY_zoFUP5dJ5GFUnhq3x-vVeQ70GndPZfXtyzwSNDEYqbj6LAoox6BsgXrIUK9EDAJsnVfJ7GHa8OMmQ8I/s200/phototake_rm_photo_of_eye_surgery.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><br />
<br />
<div style="color: #e69138; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;">Refractive Eye
Surgery</span></b></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Do you dream of
seeing clearly without glasses? Surgery to reshape the cornea can correct
nearsightedness, farsightedness, or astigmatism with a success rate of better
than 90%. People with severe dry eye, thin or abnormally shaped corneas, or
severe vision problems may not be good candidates. Possible side effects
include glare or sensitivity to light.</span><br />
<br />
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjryEwftR8hHTfLjoEY4asyuzCSbQQY4kpNfc5jopndhp4lWfRztLBW79E_1qepb_aLwSQhiIrJfCsG6kqxNyE49MeHUTTB_KR2O9BQ7k1oXJ0sucmOsveSo2LOWC7VWkcb2YQxkIGGGR0/s1600/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_glaucoma_vision.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjryEwftR8hHTfLjoEY4asyuzCSbQQY4kpNfc5jopndhp4lWfRztLBW79E_1qepb_aLwSQhiIrJfCsG6kqxNyE49MeHUTTB_KR2O9BQ7k1oXJ0sucmOsveSo2LOWC7VWkcb2YQxkIGGGR0/s1600/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_glaucoma_vision.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjryEwftR8hHTfLjoEY4asyuzCSbQQY4kpNfc5jopndhp4lWfRztLBW79E_1qepb_aLwSQhiIrJfCsG6kqxNyE49MeHUTTB_KR2O9BQ7k1oXJ0sucmOsveSo2LOWC7VWkcb2YQxkIGGGR0/s200/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_glaucoma_vision.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><br />
<div style="color: #e69138; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;">Glaucoma: View</span></b></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">You can't feel
it, but deterioration of the optic nerve oftentimes with elevated eye
pressure can silently steal your sight, a condition called
glaucoma. There may be no symptoms until central vision is lost
(following gradual loss of peripheral vision), so regular eye exams are
critical to find it early. Those at higher risk include:</span><br />
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">African-Americans over 40</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Anyone over 60, especially Mexican-Americans</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">People with a family history</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Fortunately,
glaucoma can be treated with medications or surgery. Regular eye exams every
1-2 years after age 40 can catch it early.</span><br />
<br />
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg38ihp_QMbnaVxUriRcaONeLS0ga5WNsWkIl09fnvmyaxJTf1G9YdPTEfhGHQi8iIC3oQlMV9-TokaB6obKSwfnA2-OHC3YK5DSvIf9Kd0vuQPZhtmiS5ruzv0QUGQexJ_aRK3SPj1NrI/s1600/phototake_rm_photo_of_fundoscopy_of_eye.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg38ihp_QMbnaVxUriRcaONeLS0ga5WNsWkIl09fnvmyaxJTf1G9YdPTEfhGHQi8iIC3oQlMV9-TokaB6obKSwfnA2-OHC3YK5DSvIf9Kd0vuQPZhtmiS5ruzv0QUGQexJ_aRK3SPj1NrI/s200/phototake_rm_photo_of_fundoscopy_of_eye.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><br />
<br />
<div style="color: #e69138; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;">Glaucoma: What
Happens</span></b></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">In the most
common form of glaucoma, increased eye pressure leads to optic nerve damage and
loss of vision. The eye is filled with circulating fluid that nourishes its
internal structures. Sometimes the balance between fluid creation and exit is
abnormal. The buildup of fluid increases pressure and damages the optic nerve
at the back -- the bundle of 1 million nerve fibers that carry information to
the brain. Without treatment, glaucoma can cause total blindness.</span><br />
<i><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The bright
yellow circle shows an optic nerve head that is damaged by glaucoma. The dark
central area is the macula, responsible for finely-detailed central vision.</span></i><br />
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibyBwHsizJBiZyIfo4DCHyw34SWhd5qMiNxlxfI1lAfgq_R0F0q35xaSVZ03nBIYXrAyY5XXwTTqa5E9_eojMlOELzwgAXZ17VWFe0QbuJFXFqlbUiyWma8uPtuh-I_T2sXkLzTyKDrJI/s1600/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_macular_degeneration.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibyBwHsizJBiZyIfo4DCHyw34SWhd5qMiNxlxfI1lAfgq_R0F0q35xaSVZ03nBIYXrAyY5XXwTTqa5E9_eojMlOELzwgAXZ17VWFe0QbuJFXFqlbUiyWma8uPtuh-I_T2sXkLzTyKDrJI/s200/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_macular_degeneration.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><br />
<br />
<div style="color: #e69138; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;">Macular
Degeneration: View</span></b></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Age-related
macular degeneration (AMD) damages, then destroys, the eye's finely-detailed
central vision, making it difficult to read or drive. Symptoms can include a
central blurry spot or straight lines that appear wavy. Finding and treating
AMD promptly can help slow vision loss. Being over 60, smoking, high blood
pressure, obesity, and a family history of AMD increase your risk.</span><br />
<br />
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9TydPEIEjs52R86JwMMu98a4nUa_m1pdLelR2TtVojVWguRMib5rjId4VRubUX6MMvFqm60JxFM3eCPjgh3nSr3PslaxAjVOA5okRlsRAGolzkMaDdXPN1FojlVx1mX9HUJCbJaZ4ayQ/s1600/phototake_rm_photo_of_retinal_photograph.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9TydPEIEjs52R86JwMMu98a4nUa_m1pdLelR2TtVojVWguRMib5rjId4VRubUX6MMvFqm60JxFM3eCPjgh3nSr3PslaxAjVOA5okRlsRAGolzkMaDdXPN1FojlVx1mX9HUJCbJaZ4ayQ/s200/phototake_rm_photo_of_retinal_photograph.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><br />
<br />
<div style="color: #e69138; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;">Macular
Degeneration: What Happens</span></b></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">In AMD, the
central part of the retina, called the macula, deteriorates. In the dry form,
doctors often see yellow deposits called drusen in the macula. As dry AMD
progresses, the macular tissue deteriorates, gradually shutting down the
delivery of images to the brain. In the wet form, abnormal blood vessels grow.
They leak blood and fluid (seen here), causing scarring and further damage to
the macula. Both types lead to a central blind spot.</span><br />
<br />
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnrEd6-kNVkyK5hUd73RkHOQQw1TPD0MXMAUNrqNNzGQ8ZP_WPRMWG3KjoxjakkUIul8sOckQTOLpiz6HMr6MIUyAyYSoM44BESurtKVfbxIMaxKxEXnnv180DrPFyojsyfEKRuCBsdbQ/s1600/webmd_rf_photo_of_amsler_grid.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnrEd6-kNVkyK5hUd73RkHOQQw1TPD0MXMAUNrqNNzGQ8ZP_WPRMWG3KjoxjakkUIul8sOckQTOLpiz6HMr6MIUyAyYSoM44BESurtKVfbxIMaxKxEXnnv180DrPFyojsyfEKRuCBsdbQ/s200/webmd_rf_photo_of_amsler_grid.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><br />
<br />
<div style="color: #e69138; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;">Macular
Degeneration: Test</span></b></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Cover one eye and
stare at the center dot in this Amsler Grid, from a distance of 12 to 15
inches. (You can wear your reading glasses.) Do you see wavy, broken, or blurry
lines? Are any areas distorted or missing? Repeat the procedure for your other
eye. While no self-test can substitute for an eye exam, this grid is used to
help detect early symptoms of AMD.</span><br />
<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgndFzdqSSjsN2pAX-eRe2C2bEfLAttQWk-3YX4LFJ5F9wBKCC1otudd3IEmxDPX5tYlp4ZxSa8PLpvVZJkf8wlzmm2XZEj2AHg7G_um38dBb0g-GTrTczeusCASx_piymRlBMv7shYCA/s1600/webmd_rf_photo_of_amsler_grid_with_amd.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgndFzdqSSjsN2pAX-eRe2C2bEfLAttQWk-3YX4LFJ5F9wBKCC1otudd3IEmxDPX5tYlp4ZxSa8PLpvVZJkf8wlzmm2XZEj2AHg7G_um38dBb0g-GTrTczeusCASx_piymRlBMv7shYCA/s200/webmd_rf_photo_of_amsler_grid_with_amd.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><br />
<br />
<div style="color: #e69138; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;">Macular
Degeneration:Signs</span></b></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">As seen here, the
Amsler Grid can look quite distorted to someone with significant macular
degeneration and may include a central dark spot. Straight lines that appear
wavy are also cause for concern, as they can be an early symptom of
"wet" AMD, the more serious and fast-moving type of macular
degeneration. Your eye care professional will want to evaluate you right away,
starting with a thorough dilated eye exam.</span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />
<div style="color: #e69138; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;">Diabetic
Retinopathy: View</span></b></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Type 1 and type 2
diabetes can cause partial vision loss (seen here) and lead to blindness. The
damage involves tiny blood vessels in the retina and can often be treated, but
don't wait for symptoms. By the time they occur -- blurry vision, spots,
shadows, or pain -- the disease may be severe. People with known diabetes need
annual eye exams, sometimes even more often if diabetic eye changes have begun.
The best prevention is keeping your blood sugar in check.</span><br />
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj94R_V2y5T04O5Vwl_3Ausd-70QnCLVTOcrXfwcTJZfWvwoGGRLCoRUDRlOmYqM-8loUrlzRwXSanqtjFX0gvl2MM_vMjYxLxZSQ62DEiM_llJk6fNO0pbq4tDuDIpsaKyNo9pBpXn0G4/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_eye_with_diabetic_retinopathy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj94R_V2y5T04O5Vwl_3Ausd-70QnCLVTOcrXfwcTJZfWvwoGGRLCoRUDRlOmYqM-8loUrlzRwXSanqtjFX0gvl2MM_vMjYxLxZSQ62DEiM_llJk6fNO0pbq4tDuDIpsaKyNo9pBpXn0G4/s200/princ_rm_photo_of_eye_with_diabetic_retinopathy.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><br />
<br />
<div style="color: #e69138; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;">Diabetic
Retinopathy: What Happens</span></b></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">When high blood
sugar levels go unchecked, it can damage the tiny blood vessels that support
the retina. These blood vessels can swell, break, and leak fluid. In some
cases, dozens of new, abnormal blood vessels grow, a condition called
proliferative retinopathy. The abnormal vessels are very fragile and break open
easily. These processes gradually damage the retina, causing blurred vision,
blind spots, or blindness. </span><br />
<br />
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5UUWiSsD_K8c29cgImaZ1R9oQwnYr5Z6LwYkcc8FVU-nMMT0rF-Zl7KIJPdmbjz13L2LVsI-XwS7Y5fckdW1qhhGE3T_SX3yVRQOUHhpBdHcr3_1bicJ4EOrakfJGJoS-vtX5blHikak/s1600/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_cataracts_image.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5UUWiSsD_K8c29cgImaZ1R9oQwnYr5Z6LwYkcc8FVU-nMMT0rF-Zl7KIJPdmbjz13L2LVsI-XwS7Y5fckdW1qhhGE3T_SX3yVRQOUHhpBdHcr3_1bicJ4EOrakfJGJoS-vtX5blHikak/s200/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_cataracts_image.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><br />
<br />
<div style="color: #e69138; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;">Cataracts: View</span></b></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Age is not kind
to our eyes. By the time we're 80 years old, more than half of us will have had
a cataract, or clouding of the lens. Vision gradually gets foggy and makes it
hard to read, drive, and see at night. Diabetes, smoking, or prolonged
sunlight exposure may increase the risk. Surgery that replaces the clouded lens
with an artificial lens is highly effective.</span><br />
<br />
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQZIH-9nJdVkH3EwsG9J2C67Mz0mtETxTc2fznaGldfbFj_6v0_qamiQxttaXLFGzykDK-KO253bqzK3-90OWcI9Dzs6x1mtl8mbyK98TAhqhgIJdMQccPeC-wf_Pmom3hnR8C3ODlEnQ/s1600/phototake_rm_photo_of_close_up_of_cataract.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQZIH-9nJdVkH3EwsG9J2C67Mz0mtETxTc2fznaGldfbFj_6v0_qamiQxttaXLFGzykDK-KO253bqzK3-90OWcI9Dzs6x1mtl8mbyK98TAhqhgIJdMQccPeC-wf_Pmom3hnR8C3ODlEnQ/s200/phototake_rm_photo_of_close_up_of_cataract.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><br />
<br />
<div style="color: #e69138; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;">Cataracts: What
Happens</span></b></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">In good health,
the lens focuses light into a sharp, clear image on the retina, which captures
the image like film in a camera. As we age, protein builds up in the lens,
clouding it, and sending scattered rays of light to the retina, instead of one
sharp clear image. The result can be blurred vision, changes in color vision,
and glare, especially at night. Very advanced cataracts are visible to the
naked eye -- the muddy-colored circle at the center of this picture.</span><br />
<br />
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3ZE1UuUCbfNlCwtEuBCV2AkSmnMlNCO0X8HDZ-sQlAmd0vfJ5JTYpVqs3zegGDYJhhZmiGFYxSC5HYYUS-cibUJJoqUDTngZ4S4iZBlNLd5Sb7odCW_ouUkDAK4Dosp9if-iH4Es1za8/s1600/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_retinitis_pigmentosa.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3ZE1UuUCbfNlCwtEuBCV2AkSmnMlNCO0X8HDZ-sQlAmd0vfJ5JTYpVqs3zegGDYJhhZmiGFYxSC5HYYUS-cibUJJoqUDTngZ4S4iZBlNLd5Sb7odCW_ouUkDAK4Dosp9if-iH4Es1za8/s200/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_retinitis_pigmentosa.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><br />
<br />
<div style="color: #e69138; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;">Retinitis
Pigmentosa</span></b></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">RP is an
inherited disorder that often begins with night vision problems, followed by a
gradual loss of side vision, developing into tunnel vision, and finally, in
some cases, blindness. One in 4,000 American have RP. A promising study showed
that high-dose vitamin A supplements can reduce vision loss. However, you should
consult a health care expert before taking supplements because too much vitamin
A can be toxic.</span><br />
<br />
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX9GX8mVxRUNMZN1-N_0wbEPwmmYg4fIhd5jgRskl0-VXbMmteoWXkiPAZyihmB492cV-Ilv8R7PD32guisOLitzdO3pPVejaozD5ZfiNkzOCjbLcNhkghQtJA86oYWPRP3K_pRtoskXE/s1600/phototake_rm_photo_of_pigmentary_retinopathy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX9GX8mVxRUNMZN1-N_0wbEPwmmYg4fIhd5jgRskl0-VXbMmteoWXkiPAZyihmB492cV-Ilv8R7PD32guisOLitzdO3pPVejaozD5ZfiNkzOCjbLcNhkghQtJA86oYWPRP3K_pRtoskXE/s200/phototake_rm_photo_of_pigmentary_retinopathy.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><br />
<br />
<div style="color: #e69138; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;">Retinitis
Pigmentosa: What Happens</span></b></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The
light-sensitive tissue of the retina slowly deteriorates over many years in
people with RP. As this tissue dies, it stops sending signals to the brain, and
some vision is lost. Eye exams show abnormal dark spots (pigments)
sprinkled around the retina. Early cataracts can also occur, as well as a
swelling of the retina called macular edema (the central orange mass seen here).</span><br />
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihjY0ttnZA_Gs44keZg1lo08ms7GxQA0zIjxHoS8ea_80MQqBe6VEtRP5KEmetAi_xO5oFdTiZio0PwkGT9gHqHOZdkfwuRycfs5L_SfzRsbKDHBgPuYH5ofWbKh9mtZ0jUsXWWRxrML4/s1600/getty_rf_photo_of_eye_floaters.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihjY0ttnZA_Gs44keZg1lo08ms7GxQA0zIjxHoS8ea_80MQqBe6VEtRP5KEmetAi_xO5oFdTiZio0PwkGT9gHqHOZdkfwuRycfs5L_SfzRsbKDHBgPuYH5ofWbKh9mtZ0jUsXWWRxrML4/s200/getty_rf_photo_of_eye_floaters.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><br />
<br />
<div style="color: #e69138; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;">Floaters and
Specks</span></b></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Blurry spots or
specks in your vision that move may be floaters -- debris in the eye's vitreous
gel. They don't block vision and are more easily seen in bright light. Floaters
are common and usually harmless. But if they appear or increase suddenly, or
are accompanied by light flashes, you should see a doctor. Vision abnormalities
that tend to be more serious include persistent white or black spots and
a sudden shadow or loss of peripheral vision. These require immediate
evaluation.</span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKZX-7ilx1msiDgUUY6IZGUNZQqbFonaIYS_8UIWD6lHgic46-8OG0Ez7RlQxwcQnV9nZhI1huSBngzzxht36CtzaRDGvu32NaBIzB8D92QS6jnxIit7ODNVHpKvDMrVzU0qlIT-US4bc/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_boy_with_lazy_eye.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKZX-7ilx1msiDgUUY6IZGUNZQqbFonaIYS_8UIWD6lHgic46-8OG0Ez7RlQxwcQnV9nZhI1huSBngzzxht36CtzaRDGvu32NaBIzB8D92QS6jnxIit7ODNVHpKvDMrVzU0qlIT-US4bc/s200/princ_rm_photo_of_boy_with_lazy_eye.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><br />
<br />
<div style="color: #e69138; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;">Ambylopia (Lazy
Eye)</span></b></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">During childhood,
when vision is reduced in one eye, the brain sometimes favors the other eye.
This condition, called ambylopia, may stem from a misalignment of the eyes
(strabismus or crossed eyes) or poorer vision in one eye. A patch or drops that
blur the vision in the "good" eye can prod the brain to use the other
eye. If untreated during childhood, vision loss from amblyopia can be permanent.</span><br />
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIc9ooK-t4q06z003jNZstcRMr10OIlNw_vGOjdjfabjv4GAhpdJtG_thX696jM9qnWX7xH6PaXkZqz6aXKu1PuHt129fJmw_vLfUrb67Nh5yVBgzJMGew9Wk48BWKPit3yhfJQXtTsPg/s1600/princ_rm_photo_of_eye_with_corneal_abrasion.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIc9ooK-t4q06z003jNZstcRMr10OIlNw_vGOjdjfabjv4GAhpdJtG_thX696jM9qnWX7xH6PaXkZqz6aXKu1PuHt129fJmw_vLfUrb67Nh5yVBgzJMGew9Wk48BWKPit3yhfJQXtTsPg/s200/princ_rm_photo_of_eye_with_corneal_abrasion.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: #e69138; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;">Eye Care: Object
in the Eye</span></b></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Many nerve
endings lurk just beneath the surface or your cornea, so a tiny speck can be
surprisingly painful. Don't rub the eye, or you may cause serious damage.
Gently flushing the eye with lukewarm water is often recommended. If it doesn't
dislodge the foreign body, or you have any questions, call a medical provider
who can remove the object and provide antibiotic drops to protect the cornea
from infection.</span><br />
<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><br />
<br />
<div style="color: #e69138; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;">Eye Care: Tears
and Dry Eye</span></b></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Tears are the
lubrication for our eyes. When not enough flow, perhaps due to dry air, aging,
or other health conditions, the eyes can become painful and irritated. For
people with mild cases of dry eye, occasionally using eye drops labeled
artificial tears may do the trick. Others with more pronounced and frequent dry
eye symptoms may need other medications or a procedure to block the exit ducts.</span><br />
<br />
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<br />
<div style="color: #e69138; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;">Eye Care:
Pinkeye</span></b></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Pinkeye, or
conjunctivitis, is an inflammation caused by a virus, bacteria, irritant, or
allergy. Along with the telltale redness, you might have an itching or burning
sensation and a discharge. If itching is the main symptom, the cause is likely
to be allergy. Most cases of infectious pinkeye are viral, which don't require
antibiotics. Bacterial conjunctivitis is typically treated with antibiotic eye
drops. Bacterial and viral conjunctivitis are very contagious, so wash your
hands frequently while you wait for it to clear up.</span><br />
<br />
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<div style="color: #e69138; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;">Eye Care: Stye</span></b></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">A stye is a
tender red bump that looks like a pimple on or near the edge of the eyelid. It
is just one type of infection of the eyelids (blepharitis). Styes usually heal
in a week, but using a very warm, wet compress three to six times a day can
speed the healing. Don’t wear contact lenses or eye makeup until it heals.</span><br />
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<div style="color: #e69138; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;">Eye Care:
Allergies</span></b></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Millions of
Americans suffer from allergies -- and watery, itchy eyes. Pollen, grass, dust,
weeds, and pet dander are common triggers. Reduce the allergens in your home
with allergen impermeable covers on mattresses and pillows, thorough cleaning,
and allergen filters in the furnace and air conditioner. Allergy eye drops,
artificial tears, and antihistamines also may soothe the symptoms.</span><br />
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<div style="color: #e69138; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;">Eye Care:
Regular Exams</span></b></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Everyone needs
regular eye exams. This is particularly important if you have risk factors
or a family history of eye problems. Children need their vision checked at
6 months, 3 years, and before first grade. Adults should see an eye doctor at
least every two years and annually after age 60. Beyond vision issues, the eyes
can reveal underlying health problems, such as diabetes and high blood
pressure, or serious disorders like stroke or brain tumor. Bulging eyes are a
sign of thyroid disease, and a yellow tint of the whites of the eyes may
indicate liver problems.</span><br />
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<div style="color: #e69138;">
<i><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Tips to keep your eyes healthy
:</span></b></span></i></div>
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<h4>
<i><b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;">Eye Protection:
Sun</span></b></i></h4>
</div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">UV rays can
damage your eyes, just as they do your skin. Regular overexposure to sun can
cause cataracts 8-10 years early, and a single lengthy exposure can actually
burn your corneas. The solution is sunglasses that block UV rays and a hat.
People with light-colored eyes are likely to have a greater sensitivity to
light. New or pronounced sensitivity to bright light can be a sign of a more
serious eye condition.</span><br />
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<h4>
<i><b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;">Eye Protection:
Everyday Hazards</span></b></i></h4>
</div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Grease splatters
from a pan, yard debris flies up from the lawn mower, cleaning solution
splashes in a bucket. Some of the greatest hazards to the eyes are in the home.
The American Academy of Ophthalmology recommends that
every household have ANSI-approved protective eyewear. Even if an eye injury
seems minor, go to the emergency room immediately to check it out.</span><br />
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<h4>
<i><b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 12pt;">Foods for Eye
Health</span></b></i></h4>
</div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Carrots really
are good for your eyes. So are spinach, nuts, oranges, beef, fish, whole
grains, and many other foods in a healthy diet. Look for foods with
antioxidants such as omega-3 fatty acids; vitamins C, E, and beta-carotene; as
well as zinc, lutein, and zeaxanthin. Research suggests those nutrients may
reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration.</span><br />
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">All about </span><i style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"> <a href="http://erwinadr.blogspot.com/2011/03/eye.html" style="color: #e69138;" target="_blank">"EYE"</a></span></b></i><br />
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<br />Erwinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12982580847034408349noreply@blogger.com12tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7218369765904264317.post-18929028516366865732012-06-21T08:11:00.000+07:002012-06-21T08:11:27.392+07:00Low Back Pain<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />
<span style="color: #ffcc99; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">What
Is Low Back Pain?</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Low back pain is
a universal human experience -- almost everyone has it at some point. The lower
back, which starts below the ribcage, is called the lumbar region. Pain here
can be intense and is one of the top causes of missed work. Fortunately, low
back pain often gets better on its own. When it doesn't, there are effective
treatments.</span><br />
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<h3>
<span style="color: #ffcc99; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Symptoms
of Low Back Pain</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Symptoms range
from a dull ache to a stabbing or shooting sensation. The pain may make it hard
to move or stand up straight. Acute back pain comes on suddenly, often after an
injury from sports or heavy lifting. Pain that lasts more than three months is
considered chronic. If your pain is not better within 72 hours, you should
consult a doctor.</span><br />
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<h3>
<span style="color: #ffcc99; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Symptoms
That Require Urgent Care</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Severe back pain
after a fall or injury should be checked out by a health care professional.
Other warning signs include a loss of bowel or bladder control, leg weakness,
fever, and pain when coughing or urinating. If you have any of these symptoms
along with your back pain, contact your doctor.</span><br />
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<h3>
<span style="color: #ffcc99; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Muscle
Strain or Sciatica?</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The kind of back
pain that follows heavy lifting or exercising too hard is often caused by
muscle strain. But sometimes back pain can be related to a disc that bulges or
ruptures. If a bulging or ruptured disc presses on the sciatic nerve, pain may
run from the buttock down one leg. This is called sciatica.</span><br />
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<h3>
<span style="color: #ffcc99; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Back
Pain Culprit: Your Job</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">If your job
involves lifting, pulling, or anything that twists the spine, it may contribute
to back pain. However, sitting at a desk all day comes with risks of its own,
especially if your chair is uncomfortable or you tend to slouch.</span><br />
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<h3>
<span style="color: #ffcc99; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Back
Pain Culprit: Your Bag</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Although you may
wear your purse, backpack, or briefcase over your shoulder, it is the lower
back that supports the upper body -- including any additional weight you carry.
So an overstuffed bag can strain the lower back, especially if you carry it day
after day. If you must tote a heavy load, consider switching to a wheeled briefcase.</span><br />
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<h3>
<span style="color: #ffcc99; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Back
Pain Culprit: Your Workout</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Overdoing it at
the gym or golf course is one of the most common causes of overextended muscles
leading to low back pain. You're especially vulnerable if you tend to be
inactive during the work week and then spend hours at the gym or softball field
on the weekend.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja0rjk3UtADmwZrw7uor22ATSFbhZfQn1G3uu_9F0FunDfZcpXGugA8xDG_A_Q1t-JezDDEEbrEls_Jn_TmiBmICCxqYtrslUH6w74jqR2wc4GXGCShLgqYJ-G29yyJ587089A9gk-kzA/s1600/getty_rf_photo_of_man_holding_lower_back.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja0rjk3UtADmwZrw7uor22ATSFbhZfQn1G3uu_9F0FunDfZcpXGugA8xDG_A_Q1t-JezDDEEbrEls_Jn_TmiBmICCxqYtrslUH6w74jqR2wc4GXGCShLgqYJ-G29yyJ587089A9gk-kzA/s320/getty_rf_photo_of_man_holding_lower_back.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: #ffcc99; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Back
Pain Culprit: Your Posture</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Mom was right
when she said, "Stand up straight!" Your back supports weight best
when you don't slouch. This means sitting with good lumbar support for your
lower back, shoulders back, with feet resting on a low stool. When standing,
keep weight evenly balanced on both feet.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGY0hrHkGBb-3EnWm9Fo1B1rOIFsAd_piDk3t6BPuGRKcd5s5Y5midePTFzNNFIWDn-ju5xdyfZhufmv0fTcVqpCk-6hZsZ4IEE8LywOr-CNjGgqQUa-TQpDn_jHU-K27oJzIxGKRQa2U/s1600/PRinc_rm_illustration_of_herniated_disc.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGY0hrHkGBb-3EnWm9Fo1B1rOIFsAd_piDk3t6BPuGRKcd5s5Y5midePTFzNNFIWDn-ju5xdyfZhufmv0fTcVqpCk-6hZsZ4IEE8LywOr-CNjGgqQUa-TQpDn_jHU-K27oJzIxGKRQa2U/s320/PRinc_rm_illustration_of_herniated_disc.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: #ffcc99; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Back
Pain Culprit: Herniated Disc</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The spine's
vertebrae are cushioned by gel-like discs that are prone to wear and tear from
aging or injuries. A weakened disc may rupture or bulge, putting pressure on
the spinal nerve roots. This is known as a herniated disc and can cause intense
pain.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiITsPQByRym0cInxcZT4eOG9wKsafiZDvmWxxyI9Ga7jvw3aG2waX4rzZa6eEqHj9BQj769Toq1aZAEzhvAzZGovAJIlroHPOAInJLnAZ3AL0JBmMTOOBw9u5ZFBkuh852AlQVhIK5JFc/s1600/PRinc_rm_photo_of_spinal_mri.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiITsPQByRym0cInxcZT4eOG9wKsafiZDvmWxxyI9Ga7jvw3aG2waX4rzZa6eEqHj9BQj769Toq1aZAEzhvAzZGovAJIlroHPOAInJLnAZ3AL0JBmMTOOBw9u5ZFBkuh852AlQVhIK5JFc/s320/PRinc_rm_photo_of_spinal_mri.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: #ffcc99; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Back
Pain Culprit: Chronic Conditions</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Several chronic
conditions can lead to low back pain.</span><br />
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Spinal stenosis is a narrowing of the space
around the spinal cord, which can put pressure on the spinal nerves.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Spondylitis refers to chronic back pain and
stiffness due to severe inflammation of the spinal joints.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Fibromyalgia causes widespread muscle aches,
including back pain.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: #ffcc99; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Who's
at Risk for Low Back Pain?</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Most people get
their first taste of low back pain in their 30s. The odds of additional attacks
increase with age. Other reasons your low back may hurt include:</span><br />
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Being overweight</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Inactive lifestyle</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Jobs that require heavy lifting</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjV-ZulLvIQnFuOLKwvADRKplTe66Amd11EeUrPbaFj2-VaHej8fLUFbt5YesdXX4Txpl6ppuJAaemORXKAxMVWG7kbpSdyhGCt0EB4jbjAyttB4p3O5tQMmOSKLbNkwlTH3HaKrUDW6I0/s1600/age_rm_photo_of_mri_of_lower_spine.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjV-ZulLvIQnFuOLKwvADRKplTe66Amd11EeUrPbaFj2-VaHej8fLUFbt5YesdXX4Txpl6ppuJAaemORXKAxMVWG7kbpSdyhGCt0EB4jbjAyttB4p3O5tQMmOSKLbNkwlTH3HaKrUDW6I0/s320/age_rm_photo_of_mri_of_lower_spine.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: #ffcc99; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Diagnosing
Low Back Pain</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">To help your
doctor diagnose the source of low back pain, be specific in describing the type
of pain, when it started, related symptoms, and any history of chronic
conditions. Your doctor may order X-rays, CT or MRI scans to look for damaged
bones or discs, or other injuries to the spine.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: #ffcc99; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Home
Care for Low Back Pain</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Back pain due to
muscle strain will usually get better on its own, but you can take steps to
make yourself more comfortable. A heating pad or warm baths may provide
temporary pain relief.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: #ffcc99; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">The
Bed Rest Debate</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">When your back
hurts, you may not feel like getting out of bed. But if the problem is muscle
strain, doctors recommend returning to your normal activities as soon as
possible. Studies suggest that any more than a day or two of bed rest can
actually make the pain worse and may reduce muscle tone and flexibility.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijLcpWBN3RXtOLN6FNsqWT2FNLPCBd1pF1CAkYwXw-aPvoqIgQe-3RwEtDpLE1Nwh5lOIqq3m-ITTUT-SrC8yQR6X57DFSOFaJ4boFaCbfw_yAqruqlXt7-pvKskXSquFb_oJxV04giX8/s1600/getty_rm_photo_of_down_dog_yoga_pose.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijLcpWBN3RXtOLN6FNsqWT2FNLPCBd1pF1CAkYwXw-aPvoqIgQe-3RwEtDpLE1Nwh5lOIqq3m-ITTUT-SrC8yQR6X57DFSOFaJ4boFaCbfw_yAqruqlXt7-pvKskXSquFb_oJxV04giX8/s320/getty_rm_photo_of_down_dog_yoga_pose.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: #ffcc99; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Yoga</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">If back pain
doesn't go away in three months, there's evidence that yoga can help. In one
recent study, people who took 12 weeks of yoga classes had fewer symptoms of
low back pain than people who were given a book about care for back pain. The
benefits lasted several months after the classes were finished. The study
suggests conventional stretching also works just as well. Make sure your
instructor is experienced at teaching people with back pain and will modify
postures for you as needed.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdse72r2pCQN21FUoSFLuyOu1-Rtnz2uI47qm1SBl9CfhqIxKAwma1pAGHCESYtNfGyiGAAP2w02UEhkkv9ss3-rvSLOrS7YI0VtU3d_ezhMvcuQT_Yd5h4fP6FbBlydHzfPFW8UBNHPg/s1600/getty_rf_photo_of_spinal_manipulation.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdse72r2pCQN21FUoSFLuyOu1-Rtnz2uI47qm1SBl9CfhqIxKAwma1pAGHCESYtNfGyiGAAP2w02UEhkkv9ss3-rvSLOrS7YI0VtU3d_ezhMvcuQT_Yd5h4fP6FbBlydHzfPFW8UBNHPg/s320/getty_rf_photo_of_spinal_manipulation.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: #ffcc99; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Spinal
Manipulation</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Chiropractors and
some osteopathic doctors use spinal manipulation to treat low back pain by
applying pressure with their hands to bones and surrounding tissues. This
treatment is not appropriate for everyone.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: #ffcc99; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Massage
Therapy</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">A study funded by
the government suggests that massage may help relieve chronic low back pain.
After 10 weeks, people who had weekly massages had less pain and were better
able to go about their daily activities than people who got traditional care.
That was true no matter what type of massage they got, and the benefits lasted
at least six months.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMxSeREXp0ehUfK0dbg0yDlDwSi1wOIOVr91AtP521kocm0-BLLlhuCqmQsg2vP-XPJ7N7Grf-Ln6Yy0xba3KuuMP5gMi77FhnOD_TG-YAQd5qMSBD31xjezj8_v_msf1HIjT9aI_z2p4/s1600/getty_rf_photo_of_acupuncture_needles.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMxSeREXp0ehUfK0dbg0yDlDwSi1wOIOVr91AtP521kocm0-BLLlhuCqmQsg2vP-XPJ7N7Grf-Ln6Yy0xba3KuuMP5gMi77FhnOD_TG-YAQd5qMSBD31xjezj8_v_msf1HIjT9aI_z2p4/s320/getty_rf_photo_of_acupuncture_needles.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: #ffcc99; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Acupuncture</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Can acupuncture
treat back pain? The evidence is mixed. In 2009, a study of several hundred
people with long-lasting back pain found surprising results. Those who had
simulated acupuncture (involving toothpicks tapping the skin) got the same
benefits as those who had real acupuncture with needles. After eight weeks,
both groups had greater relief than people who did not have acupuncture.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: #ffcc99; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Medications</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Mild back pain
often feels better with over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen,
ibuprofen, or naproxen. Pain-relieving creams may be helpful for muscle aches.
For severe pain or chronic pain, your doctor may recommend prescription
medication.</span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn9DYdylGBeQo2gz9bWtNc5TEVEp8j9Un3VX9pmDvyd4K7HU7j24rKbrxLwIa8d4Mze_eL61_X0_feh1du2LjGiqjcuUFsXjKmuOMhcl4Ynv2ep2S7NH_TKXUHh16rMgTfk_GOtN-PCs8/s1600/PRinc_rm_photo_of_pain_treatment.jpg.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn9DYdylGBeQo2gz9bWtNc5TEVEp8j9Un3VX9pmDvyd4K7HU7j24rKbrxLwIa8d4Mze_eL61_X0_feh1du2LjGiqjcuUFsXjKmuOMhcl4Ynv2ep2S7NH_TKXUHh16rMgTfk_GOtN-PCs8/s320/PRinc_rm_photo_of_pain_treatment.jpg.jpg" width="320" /></a><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: #ffcc99; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Injections</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">If simpler
therapies and medications aren't helping, your doctor may recommend injections
to the back. One procedure, called a nerve root block, targets irritated
nerves. Injections for back pain usually contain steroid medication.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRTxMkUAVSwGNzUhJ4J_MoxXXMNdKAiCy6ETgkzwNY7KXE7Fysov-0iGt8PdBcpau9XysjBnns5PRawDPdUEh64A1hY7Uzk0qmlryvwjDiBg3Wy20ROpbInlQ6qREDhjxXV3KZoET_Zjg/s1600/getty_rm_photo_of_post-operative_spine_x-ray.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRTxMkUAVSwGNzUhJ4J_MoxXXMNdKAiCy6ETgkzwNY7KXE7Fysov-0iGt8PdBcpau9XysjBnns5PRawDPdUEh64A1hY7Uzk0qmlryvwjDiBg3Wy20ROpbInlQ6qREDhjxXV3KZoET_Zjg/s320/getty_rm_photo_of_post-operative_spine_x-ray.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: #ffcc99; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Surgery</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">If long-lasting
back pain is interfering with your daily life, and other treatments have not
provided relief, you may be a candidate for surgery. Depending on the cause of
your pain, a surgeon may remove a herniated disc, widen the space around the
spinal cord, and/or fuse two spinal vertebrae together.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3OpFQAkYKqZ_tM0qMPvg5t0NqKZWD5hPq-MZcd6WBo-Jt6Doktl8rLuZsxA2H64ydBgFaqIU32bepKL_e46VX3EBgiiQTdm3jfmFNFz_8XlTjOEgqekOaac4SFTv_0eC7hyphenhyphenvPLfOBf48/s1600/getty_rm_photo_of_woman_exercising_with_trainer.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3OpFQAkYKqZ_tM0qMPvg5t0NqKZWD5hPq-MZcd6WBo-Jt6Doktl8rLuZsxA2H64ydBgFaqIU32bepKL_e46VX3EBgiiQTdm3jfmFNFz_8XlTjOEgqekOaac4SFTv_0eC7hyphenhyphenvPLfOBf48/s320/getty_rm_photo_of_woman_exercising_with_trainer.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: #ffcc99; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Physical
Therapy</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">If back pain has
left you inactive for a long time, a rehabilitation program can help you
strengthen your muscles and get back to your daily activities. A physical
therapist can guide you through stretches, strength exercises, and low-impact
cardio that will help you be fitter without straining your back.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeOOM74dEjC9gVcWeqoy49FJG7ohl7FAyhyphenhyphenKroZF_CL2TGbKLb815sFcjx1HzKupZd1y-x3wYJLMF0Q1BvJfKxzCIk9CTwqlVG9uUPUVO_4dSVuj7MxwbMmT_BLYJevx6D_pE8RnavKW8/s1600/getty_rm_photo_of_woman_stretching_lower_back.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeOOM74dEjC9gVcWeqoy49FJG7ohl7FAyhyphenhyphenKroZF_CL2TGbKLb815sFcjx1HzKupZd1y-x3wYJLMF0Q1BvJfKxzCIk9CTwqlVG9uUPUVO_4dSVuj7MxwbMmT_BLYJevx6D_pE8RnavKW8/s320/getty_rm_photo_of_woman_stretching_lower_back.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: #ffcc99; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Strengthening
the Back</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Two types of
strength-training moves that may benefit the lower back are flexion and
extension exercises. In flexion exercises, you bend forward to stretch the
muscles of the back and hips. In extension exercises, you bend backward to
develop the muscles that support the spine. One example is doing leg lifts
while lying on your stomach. Depending on the cause of your back pain, there
are some exercises you should not do. If you have back pain, make sure to talk
to your doctor about what exercises are safe for you.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWCF0SlhSn3MxyK5ilMyg7hXQRolJkx2Gv3arUOLaoZVdtbdrxpJfT78esz1SwpBsk2yPmWoJnhgeTmIhoVkcX3kKC-4prvhYu56a-bbZ9ex1z9Vy1VNvJmo5GVt6IpbI3aTfuLQDSk6c/s1600/getty_rf_photo_of_back_support_belt.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWCF0SlhSn3MxyK5ilMyg7hXQRolJkx2Gv3arUOLaoZVdtbdrxpJfT78esz1SwpBsk2yPmWoJnhgeTmIhoVkcX3kKC-4prvhYu56a-bbZ9ex1z9Vy1VNvJmo5GVt6IpbI3aTfuLQDSk6c/s320/getty_rf_photo_of_back_support_belt.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: #ffcc99; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Preventing
Low Back Pain</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">There's no sure
way to prevent back pain as you age, but there are steps you can take to lower
your risk:</span><br />
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Stay at a healthy weight.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Exercise regularly.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Lift with your legs, not your back.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Make sure your work station position isn't
contributing to your pain. </span></li>
</ul>
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<br /></div>Erwinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12982580847034408349noreply@blogger.com38tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7218369765904264317.post-38343201949042641642012-04-08T07:50:00.000+07:002012-04-08T07:50:10.687+07:00Video : Heart and Hypertension<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;"></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #ffcc99; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: large;">Chambers and the valves of the heart</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">A
normal heart has two upper and two lower chambers. The upper chambers, the
right and left atria, receive incoming blood. The lower chambers, the more
muscular right and left ventricles, pump blood out of your heart. The heart
valves, which keep blood flowing in the right direction, are gates at the
chamber openings</span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiANix9Jah2nQUuERjIycYkPa-F9rJCzqVbTxyOYBgG7RI_hlqtRYWqmyy0cOyV3eBbn9GQ1qieMDCAY2AneIZu1wUrXlfIuAc31VUZDjNyjwXk9z-RqxcxqSLruBVgyY383yvbYzUatf0/s1600/ch7_theheart.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="311" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiANix9Jah2nQUuERjIycYkPa-F9rJCzqVbTxyOYBgG7RI_hlqtRYWqmyy0cOyV3eBbn9GQ1qieMDCAY2AneIZu1wUrXlfIuAc31VUZDjNyjwXk9z-RqxcxqSLruBVgyY383yvbYzUatf0/s320/ch7_theheart.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<span style="color: #ffcc99; font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"><span style="font-size: large;">Heart and circulatory system</span> — How they work</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Your heart is a pump. It's a muscular organ about the size
of your fist and located slightly left of center in your chest. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Your heart is divided into the right and the left side. The
division protects oxygen-rich blood from mixing with oxygen-poor blood. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Together, your heart and blood vessels comprise your
cardiovascular system, which circulates blood and oxygen around your body. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">In fact: </span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Your
heart pumps about 5 quarts of blood every minute.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">It
beats about 100,000 times in one day — that's about 35 million times in a
year.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Oxygen-poor blood, "blue blood," returns to the
heart after circulating through your body. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">The right side of the heart, composed of the right atrium
and ventricle, collects and pumps blood to the lungs through the pulmonary
arteries. The lungs refresh the blood with a new supply of oxygen, making it
turn red. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Oxygen-rich blood, "red blood," then enters the
left side of the heart, composed of the left atrium and ventricle, and is
pumped through the aorta to the body to supply tissues with oxygen. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Four valves within your heart keep your blood moving the
right way. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">The tricuspid, mitral, pulmonary and aortic valves work like
gates on a fence. They open only one way and only when pushed on. Each valve
opens and closes once per heartbeat — or about once every second. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">A beating heart contracts and relaxes. Contraction is called
systole, and relaxing is called diastole. </span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dw-TIdg_9-uwsBk3uNla61BddKj5OJs9dT-2ACN00mHqQpy-kJHQZFb5PhRdpuZQt5hraZi5veQOPWPpxGpEQ' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">During systole, your ventricles contract, forcing blood into
the vessels going to your lungs and body — much like ketchup being forced out
of a squeeze bottle. The right ventricle contracts a little bit before the left
ventricle does. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Your ventricles then relax during diastole and are filled
with blood coming from the upper chambers, the left and right atria. Then the
cycle starts over again. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Your heart is nourished by blood, too. Blood vessels called
coronary arteries extend over the surface of your heart and branch into smaller
capillaries. Here you can see just the network of blood vessels that feed your
heart with oxygen-rich blood. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Your heart also has electrical wiring, which keeps it
beating. Electrical impulses begin high in the right atrium and travel through
specialized pathways to the ventricles, delivering the signal to pump. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">The conduction system keeps your heart beating in a
coordinated and normal rhythm, which in turn keeps blood circulating. The
continuous exchange of oxygen-rich blood with oxygen-poor blood is what keeps
you alive. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="color: #ffcc99; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: large;">Your heart is a pump</span><span style="font-size: large;"><b><i><span style="color: #ffcc99; font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"> </span></i></b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">When it
contracts, or beats, it sends a surge of blood through the vessels, increasing
blood pressure. This is called systolic pressure. When your heart relaxes
between beats, your blood pressure decreases. This is called diastolic
pressure. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">For example, if
your systolic pressure is 120 and your diastolic is 70, your blood pressure is
recorded as 120 over 70. </span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dzTo7mWH6VOd2MvAL1YGUvfyMcfO6rV4z8USKo7KZDucy0hficx0bs51-B5a8CZDQUx_E-FyiFIiaCVj4KlqQ' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Monitoring your
blood pressure at home is easy to do. It's done with a blood pressure monitor.
There are two main types: manual, also called aneroid, and automatic. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Automatic
equipment contains electronics that sense the pulse wave under an inflated arm
cuff. Automatic equipment minimizes human error and is recommended if you have
hearing or vision loss. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Using the proper
cuff will help ensure an accurate reading. Look for a D-ring cuff style for
easier use. Children and adults with smaller or larger than average sized arms
may need special-sized cuffs. </span><br />
<br />
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<span style="color: #ffcc99; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: large;">How to measure blood pressure using a manual monitor</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Manual, or
aneroid, equipment includes a cuff, an attached pump, a stethoscope and a
gauge. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">This equipment
requires coordination. It's difficult to use if you're hearing or visually impaired
or if you're unable to perform the hand movements needed to squeeze the bulb
and inflate the cuff. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">When you're ready
to take your blood pressure, sit quietly for three to five minutes beforehand. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">To begin, place
the cuff on your bare upper arm one inch above the bend of your elbow. Pull the
end of the cuff so that it's evenly tight around your arm. You should place it
tight enough so that you can only slip two fingertips under the top edge of the
cuff. Make sure your skin doesn't pinch when the cuff inflates. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Once the cuff is
on, place the disk of the stethoscope facedown under the cuff, just to the
inner side of your upper arm. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Next, place the
stethoscope earpieces in your ears, with the earpieces facing forward, pointing
toward the tip of your nose. Rest the gauge in the open palm of the hand of
your cuffed arm so that you can clearly see it. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Then, squeeze the
pump rapidly with your opposite hand until the gauge reads 30 points above your
usual systolic pressure. (Be sure to inflate the cuff rapidly). Stop squeezing.
Turn the knob on the pump toward you (counterclockwise) to let the air out
slowly. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Let the pressure
fall 2 millimeters, or lines on the dial, per second while listening for your
heart sounds. Note the reading when you first hear a heartbeat. This is your
systolic pressure. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Note when you no
longer hear the beating sounds. This is your diastolic pressure. </span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dygdYlnsNrCfLksKaHQNMeeMeJoq7hW-dJSsTBSN6b3CzIP2U2wjM82lXJTsAhHZtHVnw09mvMxcTbaeytKrg' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Rest quietly and
wait about one to two minutes before taking another measurement. Record your
numbers either by writing the information down or by entering the information
into an electronic personal health record. </span><br />
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<span style="color: #ffcc99; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: large;">How to measure blood pressure using an automatic monitor</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">To monitor your
blood pressure using an automatic blood pressure monitor, find a comfortable
place to sit with good back support at a table or desk. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">When you're ready
to take your blood pressure, sit quietly for three to five minutes beforehand. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Place your feet
flat on the floor and rest your arm on a tabletop even with your heart. Lean
against the back of the chair. Stretch out your arm, palm upward. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Place the cuff on
your bare upper arm one inch above the bend of your elbow. Make sure the tubing
falls over the front center of your arm so that the sensor is correctly placed.
Pull the end of the cuff so that it's evenly tight around your arm. You should
place it tight enough so that you can only slip two fingertips under the top
edge of the cuff. Make sure your skin doesn't pinch when the cuff inflates. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">To get started,
wait a moment, then press start. Remain still and quiet as the machine begins
measuring. The cuff will inflate, then slowly deflate so that the machine can
take your measurement. When the reading is complete, the monitor displays your
blood pressure and pulse on the digital panel. If the monitor doesn't record a
reading, reposition the cuff and try again. </span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dwQKKP0qIYiXObt9a2XHb9yIrRVYmAdkZsspafi-Q8TtzS7OwbhkZwzWRovJNF7oQofUM-8vIoyIuy7LpVZ5Q' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Rest quietly and wait about one to
two minutes before taking another measurement. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt;">Record your
numbers, either by writing the information down or by entering the information
into an electronic personal health record. Some monitors can upload your blood
pressure readings automatically into a computer or mobile device. </span><br />
<br />
<br />Erwinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12982580847034408349noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7218369765904264317.post-33876256751564686362012-03-09T21:22:00.000+07:002012-03-09T21:38:03.674+07:00Kehamilan Trimester 3<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="DA" style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">~ Minggu : 26</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="DA" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 255, 255); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><br />
</span><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Janin Dapat
Mendengar Suara Ibu</span><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Umurku 24 minggu saat ini.
Panjangku 33 cm dan beratku hampir 1 kg. Mataku sudah terbuka dan aku sudah
belajar bernapas. Tinggal 14 minggu lagi!</span><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTT29zhSAeX63ED5RhoYW5_08BQ1MtPrUYfGs1KLo1v6iFT2NpJXRt1MDYpYlFjZT7BWsug0CHZwLqUPPDHk8v3zBGtJ_q8nK3aN6xD7IKmH5BKtBgtSOHvyCtd7JQyy4_4wj_wpVEndQ/s1600/w26.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTT29zhSAeX63ED5RhoYW5_08BQ1MtPrUYfGs1KLo1v6iFT2NpJXRt1MDYpYlFjZT7BWsug0CHZwLqUPPDHk8v3zBGtJ_q8nK3aN6xD7IKmH5BKtBgtSOHvyCtd7JQyy4_4wj_wpVEndQ/s320/w26.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Jaringan
saraf pendengaran janin berkembang lebih cepat dan menjadi lebih sensitif saat
ini. Janin dapat mendengar suara Ibu dan orang-orang yang berbicara di
sekitarnya. Janin juga menginhalasi atau menghirup dan mengeluarkan sedikit
cairan ketuban yang penting untuk perkembangan paru-parunya. Pergerakan
pernapasan yang sudah mulai dipelajari janin berguna pada saat janin lahir dan
menghirup udara untuk pertama kalinya. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Mata
janin yang sebelumnya tertutup sekarang mulai terbuka dan mengedip, namun
pigmentasi pada iris tetap masih belum sempurna. Beberapa bulan terakhir mata
janin masih tertutup sehingga retina dapat berkembang sempurna. Mata janin
dapat memiliki berbagai macam warna (biru, coklat, hitam, hijau) tergantung
etnis masing-masing.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Janin
saat ini semakin menumpuk lemak di seluruh tubuhnya sehingga memiliki berat
badan hampir 1 kg (800-900 gram) dengan panjang badan dari kepala sampai tumit
33 cm. Janin Ibu semakin bertambah gemuk. Apabila janin Ibu laki-laki, testis
janin mulai turun dari perut menuju ke skrotum (kantung kemaluan). Apabila
testis janin tidak turun maka akan terjadi kelainan yang disebut dengan
undescendent testis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Ibu:</span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Ibu
mungkin sekarang sudah mulai sibuk menyiapkan segala kebutuhan bayi dari baju
sampai kamar bayi. Jangan lupa tetap makan makanan bergizi dan istirahat yang
cukup. Jika Ibu mengikuti petunjuk nutrisi seimbang, maka kemungkinan berat
badan Ibu saat ini naik sebesar 7,2 – 9,9 kg dengan rahim berada 6 cm diatas
pusar. Dalam trimester kedua, orang-orang di sekitar Ibu juga sudah dapat merasakan
gerakan janin.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Gizi
tetap menjadi perhatian utama untuk perkembangan janin. Setiap hari usahakan
Ibu makan satu porsi sayuran hijau, makanan atau jus yang kaya akan vitamin C,
dan satu porsi makanan yang kaya akan vitamin A sebanyak 2700 IU (makanan yang
berwarna kuning seperti ubi, wortel, blewah), vitamin B6, B9, dan B12
(susu, tempe, tahu, telur, pisang, kentang, alpukat), dan vitamin E (daging,
minyak zaitun, biji gandum, bayam). Jangan lupa jaga selalu asupan cairan Ibu.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Preeklampsia :</span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Preeklampsia
adalah gangguan kehamilan serius yang ditandai dengan peningkatan tekanan
darah, edema (pembengkakan) di kaki atau seluruh tubuh, dan terdapatnya protein
di air seni setelah minggu ke-20 kehamilan. Umumnya preeklampsia terjadi
setelah minggu ke-37, namun tidak menutup kemungkinan preeklampsia terjadi
lebih awal. Karena hal itulah dibutuhkan kewaspadaan dan pengetahuan mengenai
penyakit ini.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Preeklampsia
dapat menyebabkan vasokonstriksi (penyempitan) pembuluh darah, termasuk di
dalamnya adalah pembuluh darah yang terdapat di plasenta sehingga menurunkan
suplai nutrisi dan oksigen untuk janin. Apabila Ibu mengalami pembengkakan
di wajah, sekitar mata, kaki, tangan, atau seluruh tubuh dengan peningkatan
berat badan Ibu yang terlalu cepat ( lebih dari 2 kg dalam seminggu) maka
segera berkonsultasi ke dokter.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Gejala
preeklampsia lain yang perlu diwaspadai juga adalah sakit kepala terus menerus,
gangguan penglihatan (melihat dobel, melihat flash atau spot cahaya, sensitif
terhadap cahaya, kehilangan penglihatan tiba-tiba), nyeri perut bagian atas,
dan muntah-muntah. Preeklampsia dapat berbahaya bagi janin dan Ibu.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Tips : Cara Mengurangi Rasa Nyeri</span></i></b></div>
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<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pakailah
sepatu berhak rendah (tapi tidak datar)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Hindari
mengangkat benda berat</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Lakukan
posisi berjongkok ketika mengambil barang yang terjatuh dibandingkan dengan
posisi membungkuk</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Jangan
berdiri terlalu lama, bila harus berdiri dalam waktu lama maka letakkan salah
satu kaki di atas kotak kecil di bawah</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
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<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Duduk
di kursi yang memiliki penahan punggung yang baik, atau tempatkan bantal
kecil dibelakang punggung dan letakkan kaki diatas kotak kecil di bawah</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Tidur
pada sisi kiri atau kanan dengan menggunakan guling diantara kedua tungkai
untuk penahan</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Berikan
sebotol air panas dan usapkan di punggung. Dapat juga mandi dengan air panas
atau dipijat</span></div>
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</tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Lakukan
olahraga untuk memperkuat otot punggung</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Berdiri
dalam posisi yang benar. Berdiri tegak akan meredakan peregangan punggung</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Hubungi
tenaga kesehatan apabila mengalami nyeri punggung bagian bawah yang menjalar
ke perut dan tidak membaik dengan perubahan posisi atau istirahat selama 1
jam. Hal ini mungkin merupakan tanda-tanda persalinan dini</span></div>
</td>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">~ Minggu : 27</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> </span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Trimester Ketiga</span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Trimester
ini adalah trimester terakhir dari kehamilan. Janin Ibu sedang berada di dalam
tahap penyempurnaan dan akan semakin bertambah besar, besar, dan besar sampai
memenuhi seluruh rongga rahim. Semakin besar janin maka akan semakin terasa
seluruh pergerakan yang dilakukan olehnya. Jangan lupa untuk selalu
berhati-hati dan memperhatikan tanda-tanda kegawatan seperti tanda kelahiran
prematur. Konsumsilah asupan nutrisi yang bergizi dan juga jaga asupan cairan
untuk janin Ibu. Trimester terakhir ini akan diwarnai dengan peningkatan
frekuensi ke kamar mandi, sesak karena tekanan di diafragma, dan heartburn.
Jangan lupa untuk merencanakan dengan matang persiapan untuk prosesi persalinan
nantinya.</span></div>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Otak Janin Berkembang Sangat
Progresif</span><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Umurku 25 minggu sekarang.
Panjangku 34 cm dan 900 -1000 g. Aku sudah dapat merespon terhadap suara yang
datang dari luar. Tinggal 13 minggu lagi!</span><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDFzr7AP1R1ZdH0D6qe1qa_FErUvliGxWjGjeDEGoOYfIrJZbUycZWq_jFt9H9cwBQ7OO_W5YhdOudALf5gQRwTVAUSxBr6ENLhZyoFoh8sDY8nuWENKoPf03Z-jmshl0fXLl4NWLc1r0/s1600/w27.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDFzr7AP1R1ZdH0D6qe1qa_FErUvliGxWjGjeDEGoOYfIrJZbUycZWq_jFt9H9cwBQ7OO_W5YhdOudALf5gQRwTVAUSxBr6ENLhZyoFoh8sDY8nuWENKoPf03Z-jmshl0fXLl4NWLc1r0/s320/w27.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Minggu ini adalah awal dari trimester ketiga. </span><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Sekarang berat janin mencapai 900g - 1000g dengan
panjang janin dari kepala ke tumit sekitar 34cm. Janin makan dan tidur teratur,
membuka dan menutup matanya, serta menghisap jarinya. Otak janin berkembang
sangat progresif. Telinga janin masih diliputi oleh verniks kaseosa yang
melindungi janin dari cairan ketuban sehingga suara yang mereka dengar masih
berdengung. Apabila janin lahir minggu ini, kemungkinan bertahan hidup adalah
85% dengan bantuan medis.</span></div>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Katarak dapat menjadi salah satu kelainan bawaan yang
dibawa sejak lahir. Lensa yang seharusnya bening menjadi keruh. Hal ini
disebabkan karena genetik (keturunan) atau ditemukan pada bayi yang lahir
dari Ibu yang mengalami campak jerman (rubela) pada minggu ke-6 atau
ke-7. </span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Ibu :</span></i></b></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Rahim Ibu berada 7 cm diatas pusar atau 27 cm diatas
tulang pubis atau tulang kemaluan. Karena rahim semakin membesar dan sudah
dekat dengan paru sekarang, maka paru-paru Ibu tidak dapat mengembang sempurna
sehingga terkadang Ibu merasakan sedikit sesak napas.</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Payudara Ibu sudah membesar sejak awal kehamilan dan
semakin bertambah berat saat ini. Ingatlah untuk selalu memeriksa payudara
setiap 4- 5minggu sekali. Selain payudara yang membesar, air seni yang merembes
umum dialami oleh Ibu hamil. Pembesaran rahim akan menekan kandung kemih
sehingga apabila terdapat peningkatan tekanan intraabdomen (perut) seperti
tertawa, berolahraga, batuk, perubahan posisi, atau bahkan bergerak terlalu
cepat dapat menyebabkan penekanan pada kandung kemih dan menyebabkan rembesan
air seni. Karena itu ada latihan yang dapat dilakukan untuk memperkuat otot
dasar panggul dan mengurangi inkontinensia urin (rembesan air seni) yaitu
latihan Kegel.</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Antara minggu 28 – 36 Ibu akan berkonsultasi setiap 2
minggu sekali dengan dokter Ibu. Satu bulan sebelum masa persalinan pertemuan
ini akan meningkat menjadi 1 minggu sekali. </span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Tips : Bekerja pada Ibu Hamil</span></i></b></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Wanita hamil tetap dapat bekerja namun aktivitas yang
dijalaninya tidak boleh terlalu berat. Istirahat untuk wanita hamil dianjurkan
sesering mungkin. Seorang wanita hamil disarankan untuk menghentikan
aktivitasnya apabila mereka merasakan gangguan dalam kehamilan seperti
perdarahan dari kemaluan atau keram hebat di perut. Pekerjaan yang membutuhkan
aktivitas fisik berat, berdiri dalam jangka waktu lama, pekerjaan dalam
industri mesin, atau pekerjaan yang memiliki efek samping lingkungan (contoh :
limbah) harus dimodifikasi. Pada minggu-minggu akhir kehamilan, tanda-tanda
permulaan persalinan harus diketahui oleh wanita hamil tersebut sehingga akan
lebih waspada apabila muncul tanda-tanda persalinan.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Tips Latihan Kegel :</span></i></b></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Senam kegel sangat mudah dilakukan dimana saja dan
tanpa seorang pun tahu</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Langkah
pertama, posisi duduk atau berbaring, cobalah untuk mengkontraksikan otot
panggul dengan cara yang sama ketika kita menahan kencing. Anda harus dapat
merasakan otot panggul anda meremas uretra dan anus. Apabila otot perut atau
bokong juga mengeras maka anda tidak berlatih dengan otot yang benar</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Ketika
anda sudah menemukan cara yang tepat untuk mengkontraksikan otot panggul maka
lakukan kontraksi selama 10 detik, kemudian istirahat selama 10 detik</span></div>
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<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Lakukan latihan ini berulang-ulang sampai 10-15 kali
per sesi. Sebaiknya latihan ini dilakukan 3 kali sehari</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Latihan
kegel hanya efektif bila dilakukan secara teratur</span></div>
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</tr>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">~ Minggu : 28</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pembentukan Jantung telah sempurna </span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Umurku 26 minggu. Panjang total tubuhku 35cm dan
berat badankuk 1100g. Ibu dapat mendengar detak jantungku saat ini. Tinggal 12
minggu lagi!</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Janin
Ibu meningkatkan berat badannya lebih dari 10 kali dalam 11 minggu. Namun
selama 4 minggu terakhir ini, berat badanya meningkat sampai 2 kali. Pada akhir
minggu ke-28, berat badan janin mencapai 1100g, panjang badan-bokong janin
mencapai 25cm dengan total panjang 35cm. Kulit tipis janin berwarna kemerahan
dan dilapisi dengan verniks kaseosa. Produksi sel darah merah sudah dilakukan
seluruhnya oleh sumsum tulang janin.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Janin
Ibu masih bergerak aktif sekarang, namun sekitar minggu ke-32 gerak janin akan
berkurang karena sempitnya ruang gerak bagi janin di dalam kantong ketuban. Hal
ini terjadi karena janin yang semakin bertambah besar. Otak janin saat ini
mengendalikan refleks pernapasan dan suhu. Janin Ibu sekarang memiliki rambut
di kepalanya dan lanugo hampir menghilang seluruhnya dari tubuh kecuali di
bagian punggung dan bokong. Sebagai respon terhadap suara, detak jantung janin
akan semakin cepat apabila mendengar suara Ibu. </span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Ibu :</span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Rahim
Ibu berada 8 cm di atas pusar dengan kenaikan berat badan saat ini adalah 7,7 –
10,8 kg. Dari puting payudara Ibu, terkadang keluar rembesan cairan berwarna
kekuningan yang disebut dengan kolostrum. Hal ini tidak berbahaya dan merupakan
pertanda payudara sedang menyiapkan ASI untuk menyusui bayi. Dalam kunjungan
berikutnya, dokter dapat memberitahu posisi janin Ibu sekarang, apakah kepala
di bawah atau kaki dan bokong dibawah (sungsang). Janin dalam posisi sungsang
kemungkinan akan dilahirkan dengan operasi sesar. Namun Ibu jangan khawatir
apabila saat ini janin Ibu berada di posisi sungsang, masih ada waktu 2 bulan
lagi bagi janin untuk merubah posisi. Kebanyakan janin akan merubah posisinya
sendiri.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Dalam
trimester ketiga ini, umumnya wanita hamil akan meningkatkan berat badannya
sebanyak 5,5 kg. Apabila Ibu sedang berkunjung rutin ke dokter Ibu, maka
cobalah untuk mendiskusikan mengenai cara persalinan nanti, apakah normal atau
memerlukan operasi. Apabila ini adalah persalinan pertama, maka pertanyaan
mengenai episiotomi, monitoring janin, dan pereda rasa nyeri adalah pertanyaan
yang paling sering ditanyakan. Mulailah untuk mendiskusikan dengan dokter
kebidanan Ibu mengenai A-Z perencanaan melahirkan untuk Ibu. Minggu ke-28
merupakan masa untuk mengulangi tes darah tertentu seperti tes toleransi
glukosa.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Tips untuk Ayah </span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Trimester
terakhir adalah trimester terberat bagi Ibu. Pastikan Anda terlibat dalam
kesibukannya. Suport dari ayah dapat mempermudah keluhan dan kesulitan Ibu
hamil. Ibu akan memerlukan pendampingnya lebih dari biasanya. Anda dan Ibu
dapat berbelanja untuk membeli segala kebutuhan bagi bayi, membeli pakaian
hamil, atau membeli minyak untuk memijat kaki Ibu.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">~ Minggu : 29</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Otot dan Paru Janin Semakin Matang</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Umurku 27 minggu sekarang. Panjangku 37 cm dan
beratku 1,25 kg. Aku tumbuh semakin besar dan ruang gerakku menjadi sempit.
Tinggal 11 minggu lagi!</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pada
minggu ini berat janin Ibu sekitar 1,25 kg dengan panjang total janin sekitar
37 cm. Otot dan paru janin semakin matang dan janin mengeluarkan air seni
sekitar setengah liter ke cairan ketuban setiap harinya. Perhatikan selalu
gerakan janin Ibu, apabila janin kurang aktif dari biasanya segera hubungi
dokter.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Ruang
gerak janin semakin kecil karena janin bertumbuh semakin besar dan semakin
besar. Pergerakan janin akan semakin berkurang saat ini, namun tidak menghilang
dan Ibu masih tetap dapat merasakannya.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Berat
badan bayi laki-laki umumnya lebih berat dari perempuan. Dan setiap kali Ibu
melahirkan, maka berat badan bayi tersebut akan lebih berat dari sebelumnya.
Rata-rata berat badan janin adalah 2,5 kg – 3, 5 kg.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Testis
dari janin laki-laki sedang berjalan turun ke skrotum (kantong kemaluan), dan
klitoris (organ seksual pada wanita di daerah kemaluan) pada janin perempuan
mulai terbentuk namun belum diliputi oleh labia minora (bibir vagina bagian
dalam). Selain itu, ekstremitas bawah janin sudah terbagi antara lutut, tumit,
dan kaki janin. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Untuk
memenuhi kebutuhan janin, Ibu akan membutuhkan asupan protein, vitamin C, asam
folat, dan zat besi. Saat ini tulang janin sedang tumbuh dan membutuhkan banyak
kalsium, karena itu pastikan Ibu minum susu (atau sumber kalsium lain seperti
keju, yoghurt, jus jeruk) dalam jumlah cukup.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Trimester
ini, sekitar 250 mg kalsium dideposit setiap harinya untuk memperkuat
tulang janin. Kelenjar adrenal mulai menghasilkan hormon yang disebut
prolaktin. Prolaktin ini akan merangsang pembentukan kolostrum pada payudara
Ibu yang akan memberikan nutrisi pada bayi di beberapa hari pertama
kehidupannya. </span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Ibu :</span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Bila
diukur, rahim Ibu sekitar 7,6 – 10 cm di atas pusar. </span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pertumbuhan rahim Ibu sekitar 1cm/minggu. Ibu dapat
mengalami Sindrom Hipotensi apabila berbaring telentang. Berbaring dengan
punggung di bawah dapat menyebabkan perubahan detak jantung dan tekanan darah
sehingga Ibu akan merasa sedikit pusing ketika akan merubah posisi.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Asma</span></i></b></div>
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<span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Asma adalah penyakit pernapasan yang ditandai dengan
peningkatan respon atau sensitivitas pada stimulasi trakea dan bronkus (saluran
pernapasan). Asma ditandai dengan gejala sesak napas, batuk berdahak, dan napas
berbunyi. Apabila Ibu memiliki asma sebelum hamil, maka di dalam kehamilan,
beberapa ada yang gejalanya membaik namun beberapa wanita hamil ada yang
gejalanya semakin memburuk. </span></div>
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<span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Umumnya pengobatan asma tetap dapat dilanjutkan dalam
kehamilan, seperti terbutalin, steroid, aminofilin, dan teofilin. Menghindari
pencetus dan mempertahankan hidrasi yang baik dengan banyak minum dapat
membantu mencegah serangan asma pada wanita hamil.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Kelahiran Prematur</span></i></b></div>
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<span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Ketika bayi lahir antara minggu ke 38 – 42, maka disebut
dengan bayi cukup bulan (full term). Apabila bayi lahir dibawah 38 minggu
kehamilan, maka disebut dengan prematur dan memiliki risiko lebih tinggi.
Apabila terjadi tanda persalinan dini, bedrest total dapat membantu mengurangi
gejala tersebut. Beberapa obat <i>muscle relaxant</i>, sedatif, atau narkotik
dapat membantu menghentikan gejala persalinan prematur. Dokter Ibu yang akan
menentukan apakah janin lebih baik ditahan di dalam rahim atau dapat langsung
dilahirkan.</span></div>
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<span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Beberapa penyebab dari kelahiran prematur adalah janin
kembar, inkompetensi serviks (leher rahim), penyakit dalam kehamilan
(toksoplasma), polihidramnion (terlalu banyak cairan ketuban), abnormalitas
dari janin maupun bentuk rahim, plasenta previa atau abruptio plasenta, ketuban
pecah dini karena infeksi, dan kematian janin dalam rahim.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="DE" style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">~ Minggu : 30</span></b></div>
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<span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Daya Lihat Janin Semakin Berkembang</span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Umurku 28 minggu sekarang.
Panjangku 38 cm dan berat badanku 1,35 kg. Seluruh panca inderaku sudah
bekerja hampir sempurna. </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Tinggal 10
minggu lagi!</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4HZLDvOli97n9-rELwF0HmMADvVAUYFiUfW5EEwrifY0AaqquQq07FVqHNs1yP4XSBwcKI18oLDL7CPcWMWQBhJ04rI8i8X9XxIyX0tau8UmbYGOoHSoCtH12Kbif1iIhUaA5p9fsXfc/s1600/w30.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4HZLDvOli97n9-rELwF0HmMADvVAUYFiUfW5EEwrifY0AaqquQq07FVqHNs1yP4XSBwcKI18oLDL7CPcWMWQBhJ04rI8i8X9XxIyX0tau8UmbYGOoHSoCtH12Kbif1iIhUaA5p9fsXfc/s320/w30.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Berat
janin Ibu saat ini berkisar 1,35 kg dengan panjang total 38 cm. Lapang pandang
dan daya lihat janin semakin berkembang. Ketika janin membuka mata, janin hanya
akan berespon terhadap cahaya karena visusnya yang hanya 20/400 (orang dewasa
normal memiliki visus 20/20) sehingga hanya dapat mengenali objek beberapa cm
saja dari wajahnya. Janin akan terus menumpuk lemak di tubuhnya yang akan
membuat kulit janin lebih halus dan menjaga kehangatan tubuh janin saat lahir
nanti.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Janin
Ibu berada dalam posisi menekuk-melingkar saat ini dengan lutut tertekuk,
lengan dan kaki melintang, dan dagu menyentuh dada. Ini disebut dengan posisi
janin. Seluruh panca indera janin sudah bekerja hampir sempurna. Apabila janin
bergerak terlalu aktif karena suara yang keras maka perlahan usap perut Ibu,
hal ini dapat membantu menenangkan mereka.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Ibu :</span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Ibu
mungkin merasa sedikit lelah beberapa minggu terakhir dan terutama karena
mengalami kesulitan tidur. Ibu juga mungkin lebih ceroboh dari biasanya. Hal
tersebut dapat dimengerti, bukan hanya karena pertambahan berat badan, namun
kehamilan dan daerah sekitar perut yang berat dapat mengganggu konsentrasi
Ibu.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Hormonal
juga menyebabkan relaksasi dari ligamen yang menyebabkan sedikit gangguan
keseimbangan. Kombinasi antara keluhan yang tidak nyaman dan perubahan hormonal
membawa emosi Ibu naik turun. Apabila hal ini tidak dapat teratasi maka
bicarakanlah dengan dokter, depresi ketika masa kehamilan terjadi pada 1 dari
10 wanita.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Membran
atau selaput yang berada di sekitar janin disebut dengan kantong kehamilan (<i>amniotic
sac</i>). Di dalam kantung tersebut terdapat cairan ketuban yang umumnya tidak
akan pecah atau merembes sampai saat persalinan tiba. Apabila cairn ketuban
merembes sebelum waktunya maka segeralah ke rumah sakit. Membran tersebut
melindungi janin dari infeksi. Dengan bocornya kantung maka infeksi akan mudah
terjadi.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Plasenta Previa</span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Plasenta
previa adalah plasenta yang letaknya abnormal yaitu di segmen bawah rahim
sehingga dapat menutupi sebagian atau seluruh jalan lahir. Plasenta previa
dapat menjadi masalah serius karena dapat menyebabkan perdarahan saat kehamilan
dan persalinan. Penyebabnya belum diketahui secara pasti namun frekuensinya
meningkat pada grande multipara, primigravida tua, bekas seksio sesarea, bekas
aborsi, kelainan janin, dan mioma uteri.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Gejala
utama plasenta previa adalah perdarahan jalan lahir yang berwarna merah segar,
tanpa nyeri, tanpa sebab, dan terutama terjadi pada multigravida pada kehamilan
setelah 20 minggu. Untuk diagnosis pasti digunakan pemeriksaan
USG. Persalinan sebaiknya dilakukan di rumah sakit dengan fasilitas
operasi mengingat komplikasinya yaitu perdarahan hingga syok.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Sebelum
tiba masa persalinan, Ibu umumnya dianjurkan untuk tirah baring total dengan
menghadap kiri, tidak melakukan hubungan intim, dan menghindari peningkatan
tekanan rongga perut (batuk, mengedan). Tergantung derajatnya, Ibu dengan
plasenta previa dapat melahirkan secara normal (pervaginam). Namun apabila Ibu
mengalami plasenta previa totalis (jalan lahir tertutup semua dengan plasenta),
maka persalinan perabdominam atau operasi sesar adalah jawabannya.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Tips mengatasi ketidaknyamanan di
kala hamil</span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Bersandar
dalam posisi nyaman untuk menjaga tulang punggung Ibu</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Jaga
postur tubuh yang baik. Postur tubuh sesuai dengan anatomis akan membantu
mengurangi keluhan punggung, pernapasan, dan saluran pencernaan. Salah satu
cara menjaga postur tubuh adalah dengan mengangkat dada Ibu sehingga membantu
menjaga punggung tetap lurus</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Nutrisi
seimbang. Kebutuhan nutrisi janin paling tinggi saat ini. Pastikan Ibu
berdiet seimbang dengan kandungan zat besi dan kalsium yang cukup</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Istirahat.
Istirahat yang cukup sangat penting selama kehamilan. </span><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Gunakan bantal di punggung untuk membantu tidur di kala
malam. Cobalah untuk tidur menyamping dengan bantal diantara lutut dan
satunya di bawah perut Ibu</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Olahraga.
Olahraga rutin sebaiknya dilanjutkan selama trimester ketiga ini. Lakukan
pemanasan dan pendinginan serta jangan terlalu dipaksakan</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pakai baju dan sepatu yang nyaman untuk mencegah nyeri
punggung</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">~ Minggu : 31</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Janin Mulai Dapat Memutar Kepala</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Umurku 29 minggu sekarang. </span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Panjangku 39cm - 40cm dan
beratku 1,5kg – 1,6kg. </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Gerakanku
akan semakin banyak. Tinggal 9 minggu lagi!</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Berat
janin Ibu saat ini mencapai 1,5kg – 1,6kg dengan panjang total 39cm - 40cm.
Pertumbuhan janin sudah mulai melambat saat ini, namun meskipun melambat,
perkembangan dari organnya akan terus terjadi sampai mencapai tahapan
pematangan. Janin mulai dapat memutar kepalanya ke samping dan bergerak semakin
banyak, termasuk pada saat Ibu sedang berusaha tidur. Jangan kesal dahulu,
pergerakan janin ini menandakan janin aktif dan sehat.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Kulit
janin sudah berwarna merah jambu saat ini dengan lapisan lemak di bawahnya.
Kulitnya semakin terlihat sempurna seperti saat dia akan dilahirkan nantinya.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Ibu :</span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Rahim
Ibu berada 11 cm diatas pusar dan sekitar 31 cm diatas simfisis pubis.
Penambahan berat badan Ibu seharusnya mencapai 9,5 – 12 kg saat ini. Pada
trimester ini, rahim akan memenuhi hampir seluruh bagian perut Ibu dan Ibu akan
mulai merasakan adanya tekanan di bawah tulang iga. Ibu juga akan merasakan
nyeri punggung lebih sering karena perut dan janin Ibu mengakibatkan
peningkatan regangan dari otot di punggung. Asupan diet Ibu tetap harus
diperhatikan, kebutuhan kalsium, protein, zat besi, dan asam folat. Kalsium
perlu lebih diperhatikan karena proses osifikasi atau pengerasan pada tulang
sedang berlangsung sampai akhir kehamilan dan kalsium diperlukan untuk
perkembangan tulang tersebut.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Mungkin
Ibu mulai mengalami perut yang tiba-tiba menjadi kencang. Kontraksi yang
disebut dengan kontraksi Braxton Hicks umumnya terjadi pada paruh akhir masa
kehamilan. Kontraksi berlangsung kurang lebih 30 detik, iregular, dan tidak
nyeri. Berhati-hatilah apabila kontraksi terjadi teratur, lebih dari 4 kali
dalam 1 jam (meskipun tidak nyeri), mungkin saja itu adalah tanda persalinan preterm
(prematur). Apalagi jika diikuti dengan bercak vagina yang cair, kental, atau
mengandung darah; nyeri atau keram pada perut; terasa adanya peningkatan
tekanan pada panggul bagian bawah; dan nyeri punggung yang tidak seperti biasa.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Saat
ini payudara Ibu mungkin mengeluarkan cairan yang disebut dengan kolostrum.
Jika memang iya, maka Ibu dapat memakai bantalan (pad) di payudara agar baju
Ibu tidak basah. Pilihlah bra dengan satu ukuran lebih besar. Ibu akan sangat
berterimakasih dengan ruang ekstra ini apabila bra dipakai pada saat Ibu
menyusui nanti.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pemeriksaan
USG dapat dilakukan pada minggu ini, memastikan perkembangan janin berlangsung
baik</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Retardasi Pertumbuhan dalam Rahim</span></i></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">(Intrauterine Growth Retardation-IUGR)</span></i></b></div>
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<span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Retardasi pertumbuhan dalam rahim memiliki definisi berat
badan bayi kurang dari persentil sepuluh untuk usia kehamilan bayi, dalam
artian bayi baru lahir berukuran lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan usia
kehamilannya. IUGR ini dapat dideteksi dengan pengukuran rahim dan pemeriksaan USG
ketika kontrol ke dokter. Retardasi pertumbuhan dapat disebabkan karena rokok,
pertambahan berat badan yang kurang pada Ibu, penggunaan obat-obatan dan
alkohol, janin kembar, kelainan tali pusat atau plasenta, preeklampsia, dan
riwayat IUGR sebelumnya. Retardasi mental ini meningkatkan risiko janin
meninggal di dalam kandungan. Karena hal inilah pentingnya kontrol teratur ke
dokter. Apabila Ibu dikatakan mengalami IUGR maka segera dicari penyebabnya,
hentikan hal-hal yang dapat memperburuk seperti merokok, alkohol, obat-obatan,
dan perbaiki gizi Ibu.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Cara mengatasi ketakutan yang umum dialami ketika melahirkan</span></i></b></div>
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<span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Apakah Ibu merasa gugup ketika akan melahirkan nanti?
jangan khawatir, Ibu tidak sendirian. Di bawah ini terdapat beberapa ketakutan
yang umum dirasakan ketika akan melahirkan.</span></div>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">• <i>Tidak mampu menahan nyeri ketika melahirkan</i></span></div>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Beberapa Ibu mengetahui kapan mereka menginginkan obat
pereda rasa nyeri ketika akan melahirkan, dan beberapa berakhir dengan bius
epidural. Kelompok Ibu lainnya berkomitmen untuk melahirkan tanpa obat apapun.
Mereka belajar teknik mengurangi rasa nyeri ketika melahirkan. Dengan persiapan
yang tepat dan dukungan dari suami dan keluarga, beberapa wanita mengatakan
bahwa melahirkan bayi secara alami lebih memuaskan</span></div>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">• <i>Episiotomi</i></span></div>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Episiotomi adalah proses memotong otot yang berada antara
vagina dan anus (daerah perineum) yang dilakukan sesaat sebelum melahirkan
untuk membantu pembukaan vagina dan menghindari perobekan saat kepala bayi
melalui jalan lahir. Beberapa wanita robek perineumnya spontan sebelum
melahirkan dan terkadang robekan bisa memanjang dan membutuhkan banyak jahitan
untuk diperbaiki. Episiotomi saat ini tidak dilakukan secara rutin, tergantung
kasusnya. Beberapa penelitian membuktikan bahwa pemijatan pada perineum 5
minggu sebelum melahirkan akan mengurangi kejadian robekan.</span></div>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">• <i>Dorongan ‘pup’ ketika melahirkan</i></span></div>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Beberapa wanita mengatakan ketakutannya akan ‘pup’ ketika
mengedan saat melahirkan nanti. Meskipun terkadang Ibu akan ‘pup’ saat
melahirkan nanti, Ibu tidak usah malu. Para petugas kesehatan akan
membersihkannya dengan cepat bahkan sebelum Ibu tahu.</span></div>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">• <i>Operasi sesar</i></span></div>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Satu dari lima wanita yang melahirkan pertama kalinya
berakhir dengan operasi sesar. Bila Ibu merencanakan melahirkan secara normal
dan ternyata berakhir dengan sesar, tentu saja hal ini dapat mengecewakan.
Serahkan hal tersebut kepada dokter Ibu, percayalah bahwa mereka akan melakukan
yang terbaik bagi Ibu dan bayi Ibu.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="DA" style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">~ Minggu : 32</span></b></div>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Janin
Memiliki Kuku Jari Tangan dan Kaki</span><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Umurku 30 minggu sekarang. </span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Panjangku 40cm - 41cm dan
beratku 1,7kg – 1,8kg. Warna kulitnya berubah dari kemerahan menjadi merah
muda. Tinggal 8 minggu lagi!</span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Minggu
ini berat janin Ibu sekitar 1,7cm – 1,8kg dengan panjang total 40cm -
41cm. Pertumbuhannya yang pesat akan semakin mengambil ruang di rahim. Ibu
akan mengalami peningkatan berat badan sekitar 0,5 kg/minggu dan kebanyakan
diserap oleh janin. Janin akan mengalami peningkatan berat badan sekitar 1/3 –
½ dari berat totalnya ketika dilahirkan selama 7 minggu ke depan. Janin saat
ini memiliki kuku jari tangan dan kaki serta rambut. Kulitnya semakin lembut
dan kerutan di kulitnya akan menghilang menjelang masa persalinan. Sistim
kekebalan tubuh janin mulai terbentuk dan akan semakin diperkuat dengan asupan
ASI ketika lahir nanti.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Sepuluh
persen dari bayi dilahirkan sebelum minggu ke-37. Jadi apabila saat ini bayi
dilahirkan prematur, maka mereka memiliki kesempatan untuk hidup cukup besar.
Organ utama yang belum berkembang sempurna adalah paru-paru.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Ibu :</span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Rahim
Ibu berada sekitar 12cm diatas pusar dan 32cm diatas simfisis pubis. Volume
darah Ibu akan meningkat sekitar 30% – 50% di akhir kehamilan. Karena hal
itulah terkadang terjadi pembengkakan pada tubuh yang normal terjadi selama
kehamilan. Cairan ekstra ini akan masuk ke dalam jaringan tubuh Ibu. Saat rahim
Ibu yang membesar menekah pembuluh vena yang berada di pelvis (panggul), darah
yang berasal dari bagian bawah tubuh diblokir dan akhirnya cairan masuk ke
dalam kaki Ibu. Hal inilah yang menyebabkan pembengkakan, sepatu terasa sempit,
dan terkadang cincin maupun arloji juga terasa ketat di tangan. Apabila terjadi
pembengkakan maka lepaskan semua benda yang dapat menghambat sirkulasi (cincin,
arloji), jangan pakai pakaian yang ketat), dan hindari duduk dengan
menyilangkan kaki Ibu.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Selama
kunjungan prenatal, dokter akan memonitor tekanan darah, urin (air seni),
pembengkakan yang terjadi, dan tanda-tanda penyakit lain seperti eklampsia atau
IUGR. Beritahukanlah ke dokter Ibu keluhan apa saja yang Ibu alami dan
perubahan sekecil apapun agar dapat dianalisa dengan baik.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Cara mengatasi sulit tidur </span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
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<span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pergi tidur dan bangun pada waktu yang sama</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Berbaring
dengan posisi miring, bantal diantara kedua kaki dan bantal menyangga perut</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Jangan
terlalu banyak minum di waktu malam atau Ibu akan bolak-balik ke toilet
sepanjang malam</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Hindari kafein sejak sore hari</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Berolahraga
teratur</span></div>
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<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
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<span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Tidur di ruangan yang nyaman</span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Apabila
Ibu mengalami heartburn, tidurlah dengan bantal yang sedikit ditinggikan</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">~ Minggu : 33</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Tulang-Tulang Janin Semakin
Mengeras</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Umurku 31 minggu sekarang. Panjangku 41cm -42cm dan
berat badanku 1,9kg - 2kg. Tulangku sudah mengeras dan tendanganku semakin
kuat. Tinggal 7 minggu lagi!</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXL4_KUBjuPDYa39O0aSkgH6qy79DDYBheVGtctCO4lCqwL8X_Q7jwzMcNb1xVLbEvSYQC6N_StLYXAgWdfxoxaCADVmon30zhztIhv0f_9mbQdJmAe6ZpjLOUY15G0wObMLPQ4Npqq8o/s1600/w33.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXL4_KUBjuPDYa39O0aSkgH6qy79DDYBheVGtctCO4lCqwL8X_Q7jwzMcNb1xVLbEvSYQC6N_StLYXAgWdfxoxaCADVmon30zhztIhv0f_9mbQdJmAe6ZpjLOUY15G0wObMLPQ4Npqq8o/s320/w33.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Berat badan janin Ibu sekitar 1,9-2 kg saat ini dengan
panjang total badan 41-42 cm. Tulang-tulangnya semakin mengeras dan bergabung
menjadi satu sehingga memudahkan janin untuk bergerak dan memasuki saluran
ketika dilahirkan nanti (panggul). Tulang ini belum berfusi (bergabung) secara
sempurna sampai saat remaja nantinya, karena itulah tulang dapat tetap tumbuh
seperti layaknya jaringan otak. Mata janin sudah dapat mengenali cahaya dengan
berkonstriksi dan berdilatasi ketika terpapar oleh cahaya.</span></div>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Perkembangan paru janin hampir sempurna dengan lemak
tubuh yang terus berakumulasi di bawah kulitnya untuk perlindungan dan menjaga
kehangatan janin. Berat badan janin akan meningkat drastis dalam beberapa
minggu terakhir sebelum dilahirkan.</span></div>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Cairan ketuban mencapai level terbanyak pada trimester
ini dan akan memiliki jumlah yang tetap sampai saat melahirkan tiba. Sejak
minggu ini janin umumnya berada pada presentasi kepala, yaitu posisi cephalic
atau posisi kepala di bawah. Namun apabila Ibu tidak mendapatkan posisi janin
seperti ini di dalam rahim, masih ada waktu untuk janin berubah posisi. Umumnya
dokter menganjurkan posisi tertentu agar janin memutar posisinya. Apabila janin
tetap berada pada posisi sungsang di saat akan melahirkan natinya, dokter Ibu
dapat merekomendasikan operasi sesar. </span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Ibu :</span></i></b></div>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pengukuran dari simfisis Ibu saat ini mencapai 33 cm
dengan pengukuran dari pusat ke rahim mencapai 13 cm. Semakin besar rahim
Ibu akan mempermudah terjadinya heartburn. Makanlah dalam jumlah kecil namun
sering (6x/hari) dan pertahankan posisi tegak setelah makan dapat mengurangi
gejala heartburn.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Terdapat beberapa pilihan untuk mengurangi nyeri di kala
melahirkan nanti, diantaranya adalah teknik bernapas seperti yang diajarkan di
kelas Lamaze, obat pereda rasa nyeri melalui suntikan, dan bius epidural. Obat
untuk meredakan rasa nyeri akan diberikan oleh dokter sesuai dengan indikasi.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Abruptio Plasenta</span></i></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Abruptio plasenta adalah kondisi dimana plasenta
(ari-ari) terlepas dari dinding rahim. Kondisi ini merupakan komplikasi serius
dan sangat berbahaya bagi janin dan Ibu serta harus ditangani dengan segera.
Dengan terlepasnya plasenta, terputuslah suplai oksigen dan nutrisi bagi
janin. Penyebab dari abruptio plasenta adalah luka / trauma fisik Ibu,
tali pusar yang pendek, hipertensi, tekanan darah tinggi, kelainan bentuk
rahim, dan riwayat operasi rahim sebelumnya. Abruptio plasenta ditandai dengan
gejala:</span></div>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">• Nyeri perut hebat</span></div>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">• Perut terasa lembek</span></div>
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<span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">• Perdarahan dari vagina</span></div>
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<span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">• Kontraksi rahim</span></div>
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<span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">• Tanda-tanda persalinan prematur</span></div>
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<span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">• Tanda gawat janin</span></div>
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<span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Apabila Ibu mengalami tanda-tanda di atas, tindakan yang
dilakukan adalah segera hubungi petugas kesehatan. Apabila perdarahan berat
terjadi maka persalinan bayi segera mungkin diperlukan.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Tips : Senam Kegel</span></i></b></div>
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<span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Senam kegel sangat mudah dilakukan dimana saja dan tanpa
seorang pun tahu</span></div>
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<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Langkah
pertama, posisi duduk atau berbaring, cobalah untuk mengkontraksikan otot
panggul dengan cara yang sama ketika kita menahan kencing. Anda harus dapat
merasakan otot panggul anda meremas uretra dan anus. Apabila otot perut atau
bokong juga mengeras maka anda tidak berlatih dengan otot yang benar</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Ketika
anda sudah menemukan cara yang tepat untuk mengkontraksikan otot panggul maka
lakukan kontraksi selama 10 detik, kemudian istirahat selama 10 detik</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
</td>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Lakukan latihan ini berulang-ulang sampai 10-15 kali
per sesi. Sebaiknya latihan ini dilakukan 3 kali sehari</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Latihan
kegel hanya efektif bila dilakukan secara teratur</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">~ Minggu : 34</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Cairan Ketuban Sudah Mencapai
Kapasitas Maksimum</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Umurku 32 minggu sekarang. Panjangku 43cm dan berat
badanku 2kg - 2,1kg. Aku hampir tidak bisa bergerak sekarang, sempit. Tinggal 6
minggu lagi!</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Berat
janin saat ini mencapai 2kg - 2,1kg dengan panjang total 43cm. Janin sudah
mulai membangun sistim kekebalan tubuhnya untuk membantu melawan infeksi.
Cairan ketuban sudah mencapai kapasitas maksimumnya sehingga janin akan semakin
melekat ke dinding rahim dibandingkan berenang dalam cairan ketuban. Hal ini
berarti Ibu akan merasakan setiap gerakan dari janin.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Apabila
Ibu khawatir mengenai kemungkinan terjadi persalinan prematur, maka
kekhawatiran itu dapat berkurang karena bayi yang dilahirkan pada minggu ke-34
sampai ke-37 yang tidak memiliki masalah kesehatan (kelainan bawaan) maka akan
dapat bertahan di dunia luar. Bayi mungkin akan menghabiskan beberapa hari di
rumah sakit namun untuk selanjutnya mereka dapat berkembang normal seperti bayi
cukup bulan lainnya.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Ibu :</span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Tinggal
6 minggu lagi! Ibu mulai mengitung mundur saat ini. Prioritas pada
minggu-minggu terakhir adalah nutrisi bergizi, olahraga ringan, dan istirahat
cukup. Ukuran rahim Ibu diukur dari simfisis pubis mencapai 34 cm, dan apabila
diukur dari pusar sekitar 14 cm. Jangan membandingkan antara kehamilan Ibu
dengan kehmilan dari teman atau keluarga yang lain. Yang terpenting adalah
perkembangan rahim sesuai dengan masa kehamilan yang mengindikasikan
pertumbuhan dan perkembangan janin di dalam berlangsung normal.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Banyak
wanita mengeluhkan lelah, cemas, dan nyeri punggung dalam minggu terakhir. Saat
ini cobalah bersantai dan merelaksasikan pikiran. Tidur siang teratur dan
jangan mengkonsumsi kafein. Banyak pertanyaan mengenai prosesi melahirkan
nantinya, berapa lama, nyeri atau tidak, apakah Ibu bisa sampai di rumah sakit
tepat waktu, dll. Semua pertanyaan itu akan kita bahas di bawah.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Semakin
rahim bertambah besar maka kulit perut akan teregang sampai mencapai maksimal.
Hal ini dapat menyebabkan rasa gatal yang semakin bertambah bila udara panas
atau berkeringat. Cara terbaik mengatasinya adalah menjaga kelembaban kulit
perut dengan sering membalurkan pelembab.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Beberapa
dokter merekomendasikan pemeriksaan Grup B-Streptokokkus karena bakteri ini
dapat berada di rektal atau vagina Ibu dan mengakibatkan infeksi langsung pada
bayi melalui jalan lahir. Apabila tes ini positif maka Ibu menerima antibiotik
intravena (suntikan) selama persalinan yang dapat mengurangi risiko infeksi
jalan lahir pada janin.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Tips : Bagaimana Ibu mengetahui
selaput ketuban sudah pecah ?</span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Umumnya
pecahnya selaput ketuban dirasakan sebagai kebasahan atau rembesan air yang
turun ke kaki ketika Ibu berdiri. Cairan ketuban umumnya bening dan encer,
terkadang disertai darah atau berwarna kuning hijau. Dua tes dapat dilakukan
oleh dokter untuk membedakan antara cairan ketuban dengan air seni atau cairan
vagina adalah tes nitrazin (berdasarkan pH cairan ketuban) dan tes ferning
(melalui pemeriksaan mikroskop). Yang sebaiknya Ibu lakukan apabila ketuban Ibu
pecah adalah segera hubungi petugas kesehatan. Jangan ditunda-tunda karena pecahnya
ketuban berarti membuka pintu masuk bagi kuman dan memudahkan terjadinya
infeksi dalam rahim.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">~ Minggu : 35</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Organ Janin Sudah Sempurna</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Umurku 33 minggu sekarang. </span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Panjangku 45cm dan berat
badanku 2,2kg. </span><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Aku akan berkonsentrasi meningkatkan berat badanku sekarang. Tinggal 5
minggu lagi! </span><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Berat janin sekarang mencapai 2,2 kg dengan panjang total
45 cm. Sebagian besar organ janin sudah sempurna saat ini, janin akan
berkonsentrasi untuk meningkatkan berat badannya di minggu terakhir kehamilan.
Bila janin Ibu laki-laki maka testisnya sudah berada di kantung skrotum
sekarang (kantung zakar).</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Ibu :</span></i></b></div>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pengukuran rahim dari pusar berkisar 15 cm dan pengukuran
dari simfisis pubis sampai bagian atas rahim mencapai 35 cm. Ibu mungkin mulai
merasakan peningkatan dari frekuensi berkemih. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena
janin yang semakin besar mulai menekan kandung kemih. Kurangi minum sebelum
tidur dapat membantu mengurangi frekuensi berkemih di malam hari. Produksi ASI
di payudara Ibu dapat menyebabkan sedikit rembesan yang disebut kolostrum.
Mulai minggu ini, Ibu akan diminta untuk datang kontrol 1 minggu sekali. Saat
ini juga merupakan saat yang tepat untuk membicarakan rencana persalinan
bersama pasangan dan dokter Ibu.</span></div>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Persiapkan barang-barang yang akan dibawa apabila Ibu
akan bersalin nantinya dan tentukan rumah sakit dimana Ibu akan melakukan
persalinan (lengkap dengan rute menuju rumah sakit tersebut). Jangan lupa untuk
selalu makan dengan frekuensi yang teratur dan mempersiapkan makanan kecil
untuk tenaga Ibu. Di saat persalinan nanti Ibu akan membutuhkan seluruh
cadangan glukosa untuk mengedan.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Operasi Sesar (Caesar)</span></i></b></div>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Operasi sesar dapat direncanakan atau tidak tergantung
kondisi Ibu saat itu. Mungkin saja perencanaan awal adalah melahirkan secara
normal namun di tengah jalan tiba-tiba pembukaan Ibu tidak maju-maju atau
terdapat gawat janin, maka operasi sesar dapat dilakukan segera. </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Beberapa
indikasi untuk melakukan operasi sesar adalah:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Riwayat
operasi sesar sebelumnya dengan insisi klasik vertikal, atau operasi sesar
lebih dari 1 kali</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Riwayat
operasi rahim sebelumnya (miomektomi)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Janin
kembar (beberapa bayi kembar dapat dilahirkan secara pervaginam namun bagi
mereka yang memiliki risiko tinggi atau mengandung kembar lebih dari 2 direkomendasikan
untuk menjalani operasi sesar)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Bayi
besar (makrosomia, memiliki berat > 4kg)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Disproporsi
sefalo-pelvis (CPD)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Posisi bayi sungsang (bokong di bawah) atau lintang</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
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<span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Plasenta previa pada Ibu (plasenta menutupi jalan
lahir), Abruptio Plasenta</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Ibu
adalah pengidap HIV positif</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Bayi
memiliki kelainan yang membuat persalinan pervaginam berisiko tinggi</span></div>
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<br />
Ibu dapat ditemani dengan pasangan atau keluarga ketika melahirkan dengan
operasi sesar (tergantung kebijakan rumah sakit dan kasus Ibu). Ibu akan
diberikan anestesi (bius) epidural atau spinal yang akan mematikan separuh
bawah badan sementara Ibu masih sadar namun tidak akan merasakan sakit. Kain
akan dibentangkan antara Ibu dengan tubuh Ibu bagian bawah sehingga Ibu tidak perlu
melihat prosedur operasi sesar tersebut. Operasi ini umumnya berlangsung selama
30 menit. Setelah bayi lahir dan selesai diperiksa serta dibersihkan, bayi akan
diberikan pada Ibu untuk inisiasi menyusu dini. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Keuntungan
melahirkan dengan operasi sesar adalah melahirkan bayi yang sehat. Kerugiannya
adalah adanya komplikasi dari operasi sesar (infeksi, perdarahan, syok), Ibu
akan tinggal di rumah sakit lebih lama, dan pemulihan di rumah pasca operasi
lebih lama dari persalinan normal (4-6 minggu).</span></div>
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<b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #ffcc99; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Empat
Tahapan Melahirkan</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #ffcc99; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i>Tahapan pertama (Kala I, Kala
Pembukaan):</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Tahapan
pertama adalah tahapan kontraksi dan pembukaan dari serviks (leher rahim).
Serviks akan meregang, menipis, dan membuka. Permulaan kala I adalah datangnya
kontraksi yang teratur dan semakin meningkat baik frekuensi maupun
intensitasnya. Dokter atau petugas kesehatan akan memeriksa serviks Ibu dan
menghitung waktu kontraksi untuk menandakan apakah Ibu sudah masuk ke dalam
fase aktif atau belum. Pada saat memasuki tahapan inilah Ibu sebaiknya segera
bersiap-siap menuju rumah sakit. Fase ini dapat berlangsung selama 14-15 jam
pada primi (persalinan pertama kali) dan dapat berlangsung lebih cepat pada
multigravida (persalinan > 1 kali)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i>Tahapan kedua (kala 2, Kala
Pengeluaran):</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Kala
2 adalah kala pengeluaran. Apabila pembukaan Ibu sudah lengkap (10 cm atau 10
jari) maka masuklah ke dalam fase mengedan. Teknik mengedan yang baik adalah
kedua tangan mengait lutut dan mengedan hanya dilakukan bila kontraksi atau
mulas datang. Kontraksi akan datang setiap 2-3 menit. Tutup mulut Ibu dan
mulailah mengedan panjang dan kuat. Hentikan mengedan apabila kontraksi
berhenti. Pada primigravida, kala 2 berlangsung selama 1 – 1,5 jam, dan pada
multigravida berlangsung selama ½ jam.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pada
akhir tahapan ini dokter mungkin melakukan episiotomi (terutama untuk
persalinan pertama) untuk melebarkan jalan lahir (apabila diperlukan). Janin
Ibu akan melihat dunia pertama kalinya pada tahapan ini.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i>Tahapan ketiga (Kala 3, Kala
Pengeluaran Plasenta):</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Setelah
bayi dilahirkan, antara 6 - 15 menit plasenta atau ari-ari akan dilahirkan.
Umumnya kala ini berlangsung cepat, tidak nyeri, dan tanpa masalah.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i>Tahapan keempat (Kala 4):</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Tahapan
ini adalah tahapan observasi atau pengawasan perdarahan dan baik atau tidaknya
kontraksi rahim selama kurang lebih satu jam. Tahapan ini penting terutama bagi
Ibu yang memiliki risiko perdarahan pasca melahirkan (<i>Haemoragic Post Partum</i>).</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">~ Minggu : 36</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Kepala Janin Mulai Berada di Bawah</span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Umurku sekarang 34 minggu. Panjangku 46cm dan berat
badanku 2,3kg - 2,5kg. Kepalaku akan mulai berada di bawah. Seluruh organku
sudah sempurna! Tinggal 4 minggu lagi!</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkbH6Zv0bxq97-2EFs-NMyNahFB_x0O2_oToPSDKm2K9jTviLziBiYXAyJ_XNllYt8XVzzSadAkcDKmCRGNlTiGUnsoHTqBd9rvUnwKZZLfqJqJV-7k-Y2LwCcmU-7osVEr35QNF_hung/s1600/w36.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkbH6Zv0bxq97-2EFs-NMyNahFB_x0O2_oToPSDKm2K9jTviLziBiYXAyJ_XNllYt8XVzzSadAkcDKmCRGNlTiGUnsoHTqBd9rvUnwKZZLfqJqJV-7k-Y2LwCcmU-7osVEr35QNF_hung/s320/w36.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Minggu
ini berat janin Ibu sekitar 2,3-2,5 kg dengan panjang total 46 cm. Saat ini
lanugo (rambut tipis) yang masih berada di dada dan punggung janin mulai
menghilang. Begitu juga dengan verniks kaseosa, lapisan serupa lilin yang
melindungi janin selama 9 bulan ini dari cairan ketuban. Janin Ibu akan menelan
semua substansi ini dan akan menghasilkan hasil sisa di ususnya yang berwarna
kehitaman dan disebut mekonium. Mekonium akan keluar dalam waktu 24 jam setelah
bayi dilahirkan. Apabila bayi mengalami stres di dalam rahim, maka mekonium
dapat keluar dini di dalam rahim.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Akhir
minggu ini janin Ibu akan mencapai tahapan full-term atau cukup bulan (37 – 42
minggu). Bayi yang lahir sebelum usia 37 minggu adalah bayi pre-term (kurang
bulan), dan bayi yang lahir lebih dari 42 minggu adalah bayi post-term. Umumnya
pada akhir minggu ini kepala janin Ibu sudah berada di bawah. Bersiaplah, bayi
Ibu bisa lahir kapan saja.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Tulang
yang membentuk kepala janin dapat mengalami overlap pada saat melalui jalan
lahir nanti. Fenomena ini disebut molase dan membantu janin untuk melewati
jalan lahir. Jangan kaget apabila bayi Ibu lahir dengan sedikit benjolan di
kepala. Setelah beberapa jam atau beberapa hari, kepala bayi Ibu akan kembali
ke bentuk semula (bulat).</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Ibu:</span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pengukuran
dari simfisis pubis sampai bagian atas rahim Ibu adalah 36 cm dengan pengukuran
dari pusar mencapai 14 cm. Dengan ukuran janin yang besar dan rahim yang
berkembang ini, Ibu akan mudah untuk mengalami heartburn. Makan makanan dengan
jumlah sedikit dengan frekuensi sering dapat mengurangi keluhan. Menjelang
persalinan kontraksi Braxton-Hicks akan lebih sering terjadi. Kenalilah
perbedaan antara kontraksi palsu dan kontraksi asli.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Lightening
adalah kondisi dimana hasil pengukuran pada rahim Ibu lebih kecil daripada
minggu sebelumnya akibat kepala janin yang sudah memasuki jalan lahir atau
cairan ketuban yang sudah mulai berkurang. Kejadian lightening bisa baru
terjadi ketika persalinan akan dimulai. Lightening dapat memberikan lebih
banyak ruang bagi Ibu untuk mengambil napas panjang ketika mengedan karena
diafragma sudah tidak tertekan lagi. Lightening juga akan mengurangi
keluhan heartburn. Namun lightening juga menyebabkan penekanan pada kandung
kemih dan rektum sehingga meningkatkan frekuensi berkemih dan meningkatkan rasa
ingin ‘pub’.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Bergeraklah
selalu untuk menjaga kelancaran aliran darah pada Ibu. Berjalan akan
meningkatkan aliran darah ke janin dan juga mencegah pembengkakan pada kaki,
varises vena, dan komplikasi lain. Hindari duduk dengan menyilangkan kaki dan
hindari berdiri dalam satu posisi selama lebih dari 10 menit. Angkat kaki Ibu
ketika beristirahat. Dalam perjalanan, selalu kenakan sabuk pengaman di bawah
perut Ibu. Melakukan perjalanan jauh pada usia kehamilan lebih dari 34 minggu
tidak dianjurkan. Apabila Ibu terpaksa melakukan perjalanan, maka konsultasikan
terlebih dahulu dengan dokter Ibu.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Nyeri Saat Persalinan</span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Mungkin
akan banyak pertanyaan mengenai mengapa terdapat nyeri pada saat persalinan.
Nyeri persalinan berhubungan dengan hormonal dan kontraksi. Hormon yang
dihasilkan membuat rahim berkontraksi. Saat rahim mendorong bayi keluar,
terjadilah peregangan dan pembesaran dari serviks (leher rahim). Hal inilah
yang menyebabkan terjadinya nyeri pada saat persalinan.</span></div>
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<i><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Tips : Membedakan Tanda Persalinan Asli dan Kontraksi Palsu</span></b></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Berjalanlan.
Apabila kontraksi semakin meningkat dengan Ibu berjalan maka segeralah ke
dokter. Kontraksi palsu akan menurun dengan pergerakan</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Apakah kontraksi teratur? Tanda persalinan asli
ditandai dengan interval kontraksi yang regular. </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Kontraksi
palsu berlangsung singkat (< 45 detik) dan iregular</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•</span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Nyeri
pada kontraksi palsu didapatkan pada perut bagian bawah. Pada persalinan
asli, nyeri dan kontraksi terjadi dari bagian atas rahim menjalar ke seluruh
perut.</span></div>
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</tr>
</tbody></table>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">~ Minggu : 37</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Janin Sudah Cukup Bulan</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Umurku 35 minggu sekarang. Panjangku 47cm dan berat
badanku 2,6kg - 2,8kg. Aku sudah siap melihat dunia! Tinggal 3 minggu lagi!</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Selamat
Ibu! Janin Ibu sudah cukup bulan saat ini. Hal ini berarti bayi Ibu siap untuk
lahir kapanpun,. Paru-parunya sudah matang dan dapat berfungsi di luar rahim. Berat
badan bayi mencapai 2,6-2,8 kg dengan panjang total 47 cm. Beberapa bayi
memiliki rambut tebal dan beberapa bahkan tidak memiliki rambut.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Ibu<span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 255, 255);"> </span></span></i></b></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Saat ini Ibu berada pada masa aterm. Rahim Ibu
berukuran sama dengan 1 atau 2 minggu yang lalu. </span><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Dokter Ibu akan melakukan pemeriksaan dalam atau
pemeriksaan pelvis (panggul) saat ini. Pemeriksaan ini akan membantu untuk
mengevaluasi kemajuan dari persalinan dan posisi dari bayi di jalan lahir.
Serviks sepenuhnya terbuka bila diameter bukaan serviks 10cm</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Tips : Tanda Persalinan</span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•
Lightening (bayi jatuh)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">•
Bloody show. </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Keluarnya
lendir beserta darah dari vagina</span></div>
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<span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">• Pecah ketuban. Rembesan cairan ketuban dari
vagina</span></div>
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<span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">• Peregangan, penipisan, dan pembukaan serviks
(leher rahim)</span></div>
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<span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">• Kontraksi teratur disertai nyeri persalinan</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES" style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">~ Minggu : 38</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Tinggal 2 Minggu Lagi </span></i></b></div>
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<span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Umurku 36 minggu sekarang.
Panjangku 47cm dan beratku 2,8kg -3kg. Tinggal 2 minggu lagi!</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pada
saat ini bayi Ibu akan memiliki berat sekitar 2,8kg - 3kg dengan panjang total
47cm. Lingkaran kepala dan lingkaran perut bayi Ibu memiliki ukuran yang sama.
Verniks kaseosa hampir seluruhnya menghilang dari tubuh bayi Ibu saat ini.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Ibu</span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pengukuran
simfisis pubis sampai bagian atas rahim mencapai 36-38 cm saat ini. Karena
janin yang sudah cukup bulan, Ibu dapat merasakan pergerakannya lebih sering.
Umumnya Ibu hamil pada minggu terakhir tidak akan bertambah besar. Kontraksi
palsu akan semakin sering terasa. Dokter juga akan megevaluasi kadar zat besi
pada tubuh Ibu. Jangan sampai Ibu mengalami anemia karena defisiensi besi. Ibu
dengan anemia akan mengalami gejala mudah lelah dan dikhawatirkan tidak akan
kuat saat persalinan nanti.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Tips : ASI</span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">ASI
atau Air Susu Ibu adalah makanan yang paling alami dengan nutrisi terlengkap
bagi bayi. ASI memiliki komposisi yang seimbang dengan protein, karbohidrat,
dan lemak, juga dilengkapi dengan vitamin dan mineral yang dibutuhkan oleh bayi
dalam 6 bulan pertama kehidupannya.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">ASI
Ibu baru akan keluar dalam waktu 2-3 hari setelah persalinan. Cairan yang
pertama kali keluar adalah cairan yang disebut kolostrum. Kolostrum memiliki
antibodi yang bermanfaat untuk membantu tubuh bayi melawan infeksi. Produksi
dari ASI akan dipengaruhi oleh hormon prolaktin. Sebelumnya mungkin Ibu akan
merasanya nyeri dan keras di payudara, hal ini wajar terjadi. Gunakan bra
khusus untuk menyusui guna membuat Ibu lebih nyaman.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Ibu
tetap dapat menyusui bayi meskipun Ibu merencanakan untuk kembali bekerja
setelah melahirkan. Saat ini sudah tersedia alat pompa ASI sehingga dapat
menyimpan ASI untuk bayi di saat Ibu sedang bekerja. Keuntungan dari menyusui
sangat banyak, diantaranya adalah:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Mengurangi
kejadian alergi pada anak</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Mengurangi
risiko diare, infeksi saluran pernapasan, dan infeksi pada telinga anak</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">IQ
anak lebih tinggi</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Mengurangi
risiko <i>Sudden Infant Death Syndrome</i> (SIDS), kematian bayi usia 2-4
bulan yang tidak diketahui sebabnya</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Mengurangi
risiko kanker payudara dan kanker indung telur pada Ibu</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Mengurangi risiko osteoporosis dan patah tulang panggul
setelah menopause</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Menurunkan
kejadian obesitas paska kehamilan</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Hormon
oksitosin dilepaskan selama menyusui yang menyebabkan peningkatan kontraksi
rahim, mencegah involusi rahim, dan menurunkan angka kejadian perdarahan
setelah melahirkan</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Menciptakan
ikatan antara ibu dengan bayi</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Mengurangi
biaya dibandingkan dengan pemakaian susu formula</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Menyusui
memperlambat ovulasi (keluar dan matangnya sel telur) setelah melahirkan
sehingga menjadi suatu bentuk KB alamiah</span></div>
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<b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Cara Menyusui yang Benar</span></i></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp8w0GNotAGEmWlJzC0iUub3asAqQVbhG7OsQrtcOFEmMaqz3PC5UnAcG5wt5e0xeV5b3rByLU5Z2c3qNz_esYsBfaSfkjcUIaUY2IjiOOszDsQp6mKjTEeKSaecsqO2x0wpwREm3LmRE/s1600/cara+menyusui.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp8w0GNotAGEmWlJzC0iUub3asAqQVbhG7OsQrtcOFEmMaqz3PC5UnAcG5wt5e0xeV5b3rByLU5Z2c3qNz_esYsBfaSfkjcUIaUY2IjiOOszDsQp6mKjTEeKSaecsqO2x0wpwREm3LmRE/s320/cara+menyusui.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Terdapat
berbagai posisi untuk menyusui namun posisi yang baik adalah dimana posisi
kepala dan badan bayi berada pada garis yang lurus sehingga bayi dapat menyusui
dengan nyaman. Selain itu posisi ibu pun harus nyaman. Cara menyusui yang benar
adalah:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">1</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Cobalah
untuk menyangga punggung, bahu, dan leher bayi. Bayi sebaiknya dapat
menggerakkan kepalanya ke depan dan ke belakang dengan mudah</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Letakkan
bayi dengan posisi hidungnya setara dengan puting sehingga bayi akan melekat
sempurna dengan payudara</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">3</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Tunggu
sampai bayi membuka mulut lebar dengan lidah di bawah, ibu dapat membuat bayi
dalam posisi ini dengan merangsang bibir bagian atas bayi dengan jari ibu</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">4</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Bayi
anda akan mendekatkan kepalanya ke payudara dengan dahi terlebih dahulu</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">5</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Bayi
akan membuka mulutnya lebar untuk mencakup putting dan lingkaran gelap di
sekitar puting, puting ibu sebaiknya berada pada langit-langit mulut bayi</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">6</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Untuk
merangsang bayi melepaskan mulutnya dari puting, dengan lembut letakkan ujung
jari ibu pada sudut mulut bayi dan bayi akan secara otomatis membuka
mulutnya. Jangan menarik secara paksa karena akan menimbulkan luka pada
puttin</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Beberapa
wanita mengalami depresi pada akhir kehamilan. Apabila Ibu merasa hal ini
terjadi maka segeralah bicarakan dengan pasangan, keluarga, atau dokter Ibu. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pada
minggu terakhir kehamilan, Ibu dapat melakukan pijatan ringan di perineum
(daerah antara vagina dan dubur) yang akan meningkatkan elastisitas perineum
dan membantu mengurangi risiko robekan perineum saat proses kelahiran nanti.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">~ Minggu : 40</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Siap untuk Melahirkan</span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Umurku 38 minggu sekarang. Aku sudah sempurna dan
sangat siap melihat dunia. Jika aku tidak keluar sekarang maka akan berbahaya
bagi ibu maupun aku.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy9l-SaSj6N1wlEKvg5ML4SzfL36cemEAz1LRd2GQOI9E3gE9nbfDxvOUjXg2-HPvBApcQ7bIjbtQs4gsSqap3KrOg1hyd37HX-wxzcvSjn-VPjfekOzzVG-DJNlsYDc66kK3m0NB6dD4/s1600/w40.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy9l-SaSj6N1wlEKvg5ML4SzfL36cemEAz1LRd2GQOI9E3gE9nbfDxvOUjXg2-HPvBApcQ7bIjbtQs4gsSqap3KrOg1hyd37HX-wxzcvSjn-VPjfekOzzVG-DJNlsYDc66kK3m0NB6dD4/s320/w40.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Minggu
ini janin sudah berkembang dengan sempurna, panjang total 48 cm dan berat badan
3400 g. Bayi Ibu memenuhi ruang rahim dan hampir tidak memiliki ruang gerak.
Imunitas atau kekebalan dari Ibu akan bertahan di tubuh bayi dan membantunya
melawan infeksi selama 6 bulan ke depan. Bayi memiliki 300 tulang pada saat
dilahirkan, dewasa memiliki 206 tulang. Hal ini disebabkan karena beberapa
tulang bayi akan bergabung menjadi satu di kemudian hari. Sebagian besar
verniks kaseosa pada bayi sudah menghilang.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Lima</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> belas persen
total tubuh bayi adalah lemak, 80%-nya berada di bawah kulit, dan 20% lainnya
berada di sekitar organ. Bayi laki-laki atau perempuan, puting mereka dapat
mengeluarkan sedikit air susu. Apabila hal ini berlangsung maka tidak usah
khawatir karena kejadian ini akan menghilang dalam beberapa hari ke depan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Saat
bayi Ibu dilahirkan, dokter akan memotong tali pusatnya kemudian mulut dan
tenggorokan bayi akan disedot. Selanjutnya, bayi akan diperiksa, dibersihkan,
dan dilakukan penilaian Apgar Score. Sesudah pemeriksaan, bayi akan diberikan
selimut bersih dan diletakkan di dada Ibu untuk inisiasi menyusu dini. Sangat
penting untuk menjaga kehangatan bagi bayi baru lahir. Ubun-ubun kecil bayi
yang saat ini masih terbuka akan menutup dalam waktu 3 bulan setelah dilahirkan,
sedangkan ubun-ubun besar akan menutup sekitar pertengahan tahun kedua.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Setelah
itu, bayi Ibu akan diberikan tetes mata untuk mencegah infeksi dan suntikan
vitamin K untuk membantu faktor bekuan darah bayi. Kemudian bayi diletakkan di
tempat penghangat selama 30 menit sampai 2 jam. Vaksin hepatitis dianjurkan
diberikan pada bayi baru lahir.</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Jaundice pada bayi baru lahir dapat terjadi. Jaundice
memiliki artian kadar bilirubin yang meningkat dan mengakibatkan kuning pada
kulit bayi. Kadar bilirubin dapat meningakat selama 3-4 hari setelah kelahiran
bayi dan kemudian turun. Namun apabila jaundice terjadi dalam 24 jam pertama
kelahiran dan kadar biliribun tidak menurun, maka mungkin bayi Ibu memerlukan
fototerapi untuk membantu menghancurkan bilirubin.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Ibu : </span></i></b></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Selamat Ibu, Ibu sudah melakukan pekerjaan yang sangat
baik. Bayi Ibu saat ini sudah sangat siap untuk melihat dunia. Untuk Ibu, ini
adalah akhir dari perjalanan yang panjang.</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Dari simfisis pubis ke bagian atas rahim berukuran 36
– 40 cm. Ibu saat ini sudah sangat siap untuk melahirkan bayi. Bila kehamilan
melebihi batas tanggal, plasenta akan gagal memenuhi kebutuhan nutrisi bayi dan
akibatnya bayi dapat kehilangan nutrisi. Keadaan ini disebut dengan postmatur.
Berdasarkan beberapa pertimbangan, dokter dapat melakukan induksi atau
rangsangan agar terjadi persalinan. Induksi akan dilakukan dengan obat-obatan
yang diberikan meningkat secara perlahan sampai kontraksi dimulai. Saat Ibu
menerima obat, kondisi Ibu juga keadaan janin akan dimonitor secara ketat.</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Selain induksi, digunakan juga obat untuk mematangkan
serviks agar terjadi peregangan dan pembukaan. Apabila induksi dengan
obat-obatan tidak berhasil atau terjadi gawat janin, kemungkinan dokter Ibu
akan menyarankan operasi sesar untuk melahirkan bayi.</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Rahim Ibu akan mengecil dari ukuran semangka ke ukuran
bola voli setelah melahirkan. Dalam waktu beberapa minggu, rahim Ibu akan
kembali ke ukuran normal.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Tips : Profil Biofisikal </span></i></b></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Profil biofisikal adalah tes komprehensif yang
digunakan untuk memeriksa janin yang masih berada di rahim. Fungsi dari tes ini
adalah membantu melihat kesehatan dan kesejahteraan janin di dalam rahim. Tes
ini umumnya dilakukan apabila Ibu melewati batas waktu persalinan. Profil
biofisikal menggunakan sistim skoring menggunakan USG dan monitor janin
eksternal. Tes profil biofisikal dibagi menjadi 5:</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">• <i>Pernapasan janin: </i></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Evaluasi pernapasan janin dengan melihat pergerakan
dada janin di dalam rahim. Penilaian dilakukan berdasarkan jumlah pernapasan
dalam beberapa waktu tertentu</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">• <i>Pergerakan janin: </i></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Penilaian dilakukan berdasarkan banyaknya gerakan
janin dalam beberapa waktu tertentu</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">• <i>Tonus janin: </i></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Penilaian berdasarkan pergerakan tangan dan kaki</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">• <i>Jumlah cairan amnion: </i></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Jumlah cairan amnion dihitung berdasarkan pemeriksaan
USG</span></div>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">• <i>Detak jantung janin: </i></span></div>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Monitor eksternal digunakan untuk memantau detak jantung
janin</span></div>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Apabila penilaian pada tes ini rendah maka
direkomendasikan untuk segera melahirkan bayi. Tes ini dapat dilakukan satu
atau dua kali seminggu dan dapat diulangi apabila hasil yang didapat kurang
meyakinkan.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxTZxrU11CKPRZwlO_4_K9Ff82a_9qYrRC3rHX2fRX2umzdLcGyuCrXNel92IF5F-9sTYrVYXjZudQ1qyPsTptOvIR3PCv8hQwwD4_ygxCuGZXwC4haNOo0GpVpxWANDSWAYs_ExiD-ig/s1600/lahir.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="247" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxTZxrU11CKPRZwlO_4_K9Ff82a_9qYrRC3rHX2fRX2umzdLcGyuCrXNel92IF5F-9sTYrVYXjZudQ1qyPsTptOvIR3PCv8hQwwD4_ygxCuGZXwC4haNOo0GpVpxWANDSWAYs_ExiD-ig/s320/lahir.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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(Sumber : klikdokter.com)<br />
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</div>Erwinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12982580847034408349noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7218369765904264317.post-29083289975544956702012-02-17T16:09:00.000+07:002012-02-17T16:09:54.751+07:00Kehamilan Trimester 2<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #e69138;">
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">~ Minggu : 13</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><b>Plasenta berkembang sempurna</b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Umurku 11 minggu sekarang.
Panjangku6,5 – 7,8 cm dan beratku antara 13 – 20 gram. Aku dapat menghisap ibu
jariku dan aku dapat menelan saat ini. Tinggal 27 minggu lagi!</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7syaT8sZjU6iAUwym8vBVefQScwXK51kXBQ7tzjjozq1E2cQkfcDcjNZ69OPBfd4r2ksleoV41aGnM28KwlkI8G0E7jTu-8UKfbpzppgZQIi8jAMgWv3RJuR_NR2U5rQXVBXXg0CWyBA/s1600/w13.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="272" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7syaT8sZjU6iAUwym8vBVefQScwXK51kXBQ7tzjjozq1E2cQkfcDcjNZ69OPBfd4r2ksleoV41aGnM28KwlkI8G0E7jTu-8UKfbpzppgZQIi8jAMgWv3RJuR_NR2U5rQXVBXXg0CWyBA/s320/w13.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Janin Ibu memiliki panjang dari
kepala ke bokong sekitar 65 – 78 mm dan beratnya antara 13 – 20 gram, seukuran
buah peach. Memasuki trimester kedua, plasenta sudah berkembang sempurna dan
memberikan oksigen, nutrisi, serta membuang produk sisa janin. </span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Plasenta
juga memproduksi hormon progesteron dan estrogen untuk menjaga kehamilan.
Kelopak mata bayi sudah terbentuk untuk melindungi mata janin selama
perkembangan. Janin Ibu dapat memasukkan ibu jarinya ke dalam mulut meskipus
refleks menghisap janin belum sempurna. </span><span lang="IT" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Usus janin sudah berada di dalam
rongga perutnya saati ini. Pita suara dan laring janin sudah sempurna
terbentuk, namun tentu saja Ibu masih belum bisa mendengar suaranya karenan
janin masih belum dapat mengeluarkan suara. Pusat penulangan primer terdapat di
semua tulang panjang anggota badan menjelang perkembangan minggu ke-14.</span></div>
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<span lang="IT" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Sidik
jari sebagai indentitas individu sudah terbentuk di jari janin. Perkembangan
tubuhnya sudah mulai meningkat seiring perkembangan kepala janin (yang
berukuran 1/3 dari seluruh tubuh). Bila janin Ibu perempuan, dia sekarang
memiliki hampir 2 juta telur di indung telurnya. Rambut halus yang disebut
dengan lanugo akan meliputi seluruh tubuh janin minggu ini.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><b>Ibu :</b></span></div>
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<span lang="ES" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Pada
beberapa pasangan didapatkan peningkatan libido minggu-minggu ini. Proses
melahirkan masih lama namun payudara ibu sudah mulai membentuk kolostrum,
cairan kaya nutrisi dengan fungsi memberikan asupan nutrisi pada bayi Ibu pada
hari-hari pertama kehidupannya sebelum payudara Ibu mulai menghasilkan ASI.
Payudara Ibu sendiri mengalami ‘peningkatan’ ukuran dibandingkan sebelum
kehamilan.</span></div>
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<span lang="ES" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Ibu
memerlukan tambahan 300 kalori setiap harinya. Peningkatan asupan kalori bukan
berarti Ibu bebas makan apa saja, hindari <i>junk food</i> dan makan makanan
manis berlebihan (hanya mengandung sedikit gizi) agar Ibu tidak berlebihan
berat badan. Tidak perlu berlebihan karena 300 kalori setaraf dengan 1 buah kue
bolu. Zat besi diperlukan untuk menghindari anemia defisiensi besi serta
kalsium untuk perkembangan gigi dan tulang janin.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><i><b>Tips : Mencegah Gingivitis Kehamilan</b></i></span></div>
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<span lang="ES" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Sekitar
50% wanita hamil mengalami gingivitis (radang pada gusi) pada kehamilan.
Gingivitis tersebut terjadi karena peningkatan kadar hormon progesteron yang
berakibat gusi Ibu bereaksi lebih terhadap bakteri yang terdapat di plak gigi.
Peningkatan suplai pendarahan pada rongga mulut juga dapat meningkatkan
sensitivitas gusi dan perdarahan terhadap gusi. Pencegahan gingivitis kehamilan
dilakukan dengan menjaga kebersihan rongga mulut, gosok gigi secara teratur,
dan <i>dental floss</i>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><i><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Tips : Bekerja Selama Kehamilan</span></b></i></span></div>
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<span lang="ES" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Wanita
hamil tetap dapat bekerja namun aktivitas yang dijalaninya tidak boleh terlalu
berat. Istirahat untuk wanita hamil dianjurkan sesering mungkin. Seorang wanita
hamil disarankan untuk menghentikan aktivitasnya apabila mereka merasakan
gangguan dalam kehamilan. Pekerjaan yang membutuhkan aktivitas fisik berat,
berdiri dalam jangka waktu lama, pekerjaan dalam industri mesin, atau pekerjaan
yang memiliki efek samping lingkungan (contoh : limbah) harus dimodifikasi.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Arial;">~
Minggu : 14</span></b></span></div>
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<span lang="ES" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Trimester kedua merupakan tahapan paling nyaman di dalam 3 jenjang
kehamilan. Keluhan-keluhan Ibu akan menghilang dan selera makan Ibu kembali
normal. Yang paling menyenangkan di trimester ini adalah Ibu dapat merasakan
gerakan janin. Berat badan Ibu akan mulai bertambah dan orang di sekitar Ibu
akan menyadari bahwa Ibu sedang hamil.</span><br />
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<b>Lihat Jenis Kelamin Janin Anda</b></div>
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<b><span lang="ES" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Umurku
12 minggu sekarang, panjang badanku sekitar 8 – 9,3 cm dengan berat
tubuhku hampir 25 - 45 gram. Aku diliputi rambut halus yang disebut lanugo.
Hati, pankreas, dan limpaku sudah berfungsi. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Tingga; 26 minggu lagi!</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGKcZzIX-cA5kbLvodQy-jZsEt53uvIlzfLGtg-tMWx7MuueKILuvFLKQZO9LMOFsIsdeR3f5O-1CNSn5OgxA-Tn7g0wXawiF3FdYMT8aidAbSomTc0DAOiebT2ZPq2-wLTRWrjiGuLzY/s1600/w14.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="272" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGKcZzIX-cA5kbLvodQy-jZsEt53uvIlzfLGtg-tMWx7MuueKILuvFLKQZO9LMOFsIsdeR3f5O-1CNSn5OgxA-Tn7g0wXawiF3FdYMT8aidAbSomTc0DAOiebT2ZPq2-wLTRWrjiGuLzY/s320/w14.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Panjang janin dari kepala ke bokong
saat ini berkisar 80 – 93 mm dengan perkiraan berat badan hampir 25 - 45 gram.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Janin Ibu sekarang sudah mulai
belajar membuat ekspresi di dalam rahim. Menyipit, berkerenyit, menyeringai,
dan bahkan menghisap jempolnya. Berkat impuls atau rangsangan dari otaknya,
otot wajah janin sudah dapat bekerja menghasilkan berbagai macam ekspresi
wajah.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Akhir minggu ini, lengan janin akan
tumbuh dengan ukuran yang proporsional sesuai dengan panjang badannya dan janin
akan bergerak lebih aktif. Hati janin akan mulai membentuk cairan empedu,
pankreas mulai menghasilkan insulin, dan limpa janin sudah membantu
menghasilkan sel darah merah. Leher janin akan bertambah panjang dan membantu
kepala janin untuk berposisi lebih tegak. Ketika lahir nanti, ukuran kepala
bayi hanya ¼ dari panjang badan. Rambut halus yang disebut lanugo juga sudah
didapatkan di muka dan tubuh janin sampai lanugo menghilang menjelang
kelahiran. Lanugo berfungsi untuk menjaga temperatur tubuh janin untuk
menggantikan peran lemak tubuh sementara.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Akhir bulan ke-3, lipatan uretra
menutup dan membentuk saluran uretra (saluran kemih). Saluran ini akan terbuka
sampai ujung pada akhir bulan ke-4. Hipospadia adalah keadaan akibat lipatan
uretra tidak menyatu sempurna sehingga muara uretra tidak berada di ujung penis
namun di dorsal penis.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Tunas-tunas untuk gigi tetap
terletak pada permukaan lingual gigi susu dan dibentuk selama perkembangan
bulan ke-3. Tunas tersebut tetap tidur hingga kurang lebih 6 tahun setelah
lahir. Kemudian tunas-tunas gigi tetap ini mulai tumbuh, sambil mendorong sisi
bawah gigi susu yang bersangkutan dan membantu perlepasannya.</span></div>
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<b style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Ibu :</b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Kehidupan Ibu sudah nyaris tanpa
keluhan kehamilan. Selamat datang di trimester kedua Ibu! Pada trimester ini
risiko keguguran sudah berkurang dan peningkatan berat badan sudah mulai
didapatkan. Terkadang beberapa orang menyebut trimester kedua adalah Bulan Madu
di kala kehamilan karena energi Ibu yang sudah kembali normal, berkurangnya
keluhan muntah, dan meningkatnya rangsang libido. Rahim Ibu yang sekarang sudah
berada sedikit di atas tulang pubis atau sekitar 10 cm di bawah pusar sudah
terlihat membesar dari luar, menunjukkan adanya suatu bukti nyata kehidupan
yang sedang bertumbuh di rahim.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Laki-laki, perempuan, atau Ibu
memutuskan jenis kelamin sebagai kejutan saja saat melahirkan nanti? Banyak
orangtua yang memilih untuk mengetahui jenis kelamin dari anak mereka sewaktu
masih di kandungan. Saat ini merupakan waktu yang tepat untuk melakukan
pemeriksaan USG guna mengetahui jenis kelamin anak Ibu. Jika pasangan orangtua
memutuskan sabar menanti kelahiran untuk mengetahui jenis kelamin bayi, maka
jangan lupa memberitahukan kepada dokter yang memeriksa untuk mencegah sang
dokter memberitahukan kepada Ibu secara tidak sengaja ketika melakukan
pemeriksaan USG.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Untuk beberapa wanita, efek samping
dari pertumbuhan rahim adalah nyeri ligament bundar. Nyeri ligament Bundar
adalah rasa nyeri tajam di satu atau kedua sisi perut yang terjadi
karena meregangnya ligamen penunjang rahim. Rahim ditunjang atau digantung
oleh pita ligamen tebal yang berada dari regio inguinal (selangkangan) sampai
ke abdomen (perut). Ketika rahim membesar karena kehamilan, ligament penunjang
tersebut teregang dan menipis guna menjaga pembesaran rahim. Nyeri ini umum
terjadi bila Ibu merubah posisi tiba-tiba, berdiri dari posisi duduk atau
berbaring, dan ketika batuk. Cara terbaik mengatasinya adalah berbaring dalam
posisi nyaman dengan kaki diangkat lebih tinggi.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Pada Ibu hamil terdapat retensi atau
peningkatan kadar cairan di mata yang menyebabkan penebalan dari kornea
sehingga pandangan Ibu menjadi sedikit kabur.</span></div>
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<i><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Tips : Perlukah Ibu Melakukan Amniosintesis ?</span></b></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Apakah Ibu termasuk di dalam
kehamilan risiko tinggi atau memiliki faktor risiko kelainan genetik atau
kromosom? Jika iya maka Ibu sebaiknya mendiskusikan pemeriksaan amniosintesis
serta pemeriksaan AFP (<i>alfa fetoprotein</i>) bersama dokter.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Amniosintesis adalah tes prenatal
yang dilakukan antara usia 15 – 20 minggu. Keakuratannya berkisar 99% di dalam
mendeteksi kelainan kromosom, seperti Sindrom Down. Pemeriksaan amniosintesis
juga dapat dilakukan untuk mendeteksi kelainan genetik seperti fibrosis kistik,
Sickle Cell Anemia, Tay-Sachs, dan kelainan <i>neural tube</i> (seperti spina
bifida dan anencefali-tidak memiliki tulang tengkorak). Karena amniosintesis
merupakan tindakan yang invasif (jarum yang tipis dan panjang dimasukkan ke
dalam kantong amnion dan sedikit cairan ketuban diambil untuk dianalisa) dan
memiliki risiko peningkatan angka keguguran (o,5%), wanita yang melakukannya
adalah mereka yang memiliki faktor risiko untuk kelainan kromosom dan genetik.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">AFP sendiri merupakan protein yang
ditemukan dalam jumlah meningkat di air ketuban. Jumlah AFP dapat diukur dengan
memeriksa darah Ibu. AFP yang abnormal mengindikasikan kelainan seperti yang
disebutkan di atas. Amniosintesis dan pemeriksaan AFP sebaiknya dikonsultasikan
terlebih dahulu dengan dokter.</span></div>
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<i><b style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Tips : Radiasi Bagi Ibu Hamil</b></i></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Tidak ada jumlah sinar radiasi yang
aman untuk janin. Cara paling aman adalah menghindari radiasi seperti
pemeriksaan roetngen x-ray, CT-scan, dan MRI. Bahaya pada janin adalah
meningkatnya risiko mutasi dan risiko kanker. Apabila Ibu memang memiliki
indikasi untuk melakukan pemeriksaan tersebut maka pastikan petugas kesehatan
mengetahui kehamilan Ibu. Sebelum melakukan pemeriksaan ini konsultasikanlah
terlebih dahulu dengan dokter Ibu.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">~ Minggu : 15</span></b></span><br />
<br /></div>
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<i><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Berburu Pakaian Hamil</span></b></i><br />
<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Umurku 13 minggu sekarang. Panjangku
9 – 10,3 cm dan beratku 50 gram. Aku saat ini sudah berlatih bernapas,
menghisap, dan menelan. Mataku juga sudah bereaksi dengan cahaya. Tinggal 25
minggu lagi!</span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwPFVHr9l4TlRPa6ZfwC0cvsSnxE2a4Mxv09UeuYQsqMRRlcQAcgcQjMrLjvxSHY482R_D8pgx1pINvCqelf1fJrie6SuknuSblYYC9vv1GRsYx-O_87acA5P3AyxnX68N9ltMWVAIR1s/s1600/w15.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwPFVHr9l4TlRPa6ZfwC0cvsSnxE2a4Mxv09UeuYQsqMRRlcQAcgcQjMrLjvxSHY482R_D8pgx1pINvCqelf1fJrie6SuknuSblYYC9vv1GRsYx-O_87acA5P3AyxnX68N9ltMWVAIR1s/s320/w15.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Panjang kepala sampai bokong janin
saat ini berkisar 9 – 10,3 cm dengan berat badan janin sekitar 50 gram (sebesar
apel). Aktivitas janin saat ini adalah berlatih, berlatih, dan berlatih. Janin
berlatih untuk bernapas, menghisap, dan menelan, bahkan tersedak agar fungsi
sistim tersebut sempurna di kala lahir nanti. Janin mencoba untuk memindahkan
cairan amnion (ketuban) lewat hidung dan saluran pernapasan atas untuk membantu
kantung udara primitif di dalam paru-parunya agar berkembang. Kaki janin
sekarang sudah tumbuh lebih panjang dari lengan. Meskipun kelopak matanya masih
tertutup, janin sudah dapat merasakan sensasi cahaya. Apabila Ibu menyinari
perut dengan senter, maka janin akan bergerak menjauhi cahaya. Tulang janin
semakin mengeras dan menahan kalsium di dalamnya.</span></div>
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<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>Ibu :</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Kenaikan berat badan Ibu sekitar 2,5
kg sekarang. Peningkatan aliran darah ke hidung serta peningkatan pembuluh
darah hidung dapat menyebabkan mimisan. Aliran darah yang meningkat ke wajah
juga dapat menyebabkan <i>flushing</i> atau kemerahan di wajah. Minggu ini saat
yang tepat untuk mengeratkan ikatan antara Ibu dan janin. Mulailah berbicara
dengan janin Ibu, bacakan dongeng cerita atau dengarkan musik. Berbicara dengan
bayi sejak dalam kandungan dapat melatih untuk tidak canggung lagi untuk
berbicara dengan bayi Ibu saat lahir nanti. Saat ini rahim Ibu berada di antara
pusar dan tulang pubis (tulang kemaluan). Perubahan ini sebaiknya disesuaikan
dengan cara mulai berburu pakaian hamil.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Jantung Ibu mulai meningkatkan pompa
aliran darah sebanyak 20% untuk meningkatkan suplai oksigen ke janin. Jumlah
ini akan terus meningkat sampai mencapai 30-50% di akhir kehamilan. Apabila
tekanan darah Ibu meningkat selama kehamilan segeralah untuk mendiskusikannya
dengan dokter Ibu. Tekanan darah tinggi selama kehamilan dapat menurunkan
suplai nutrisi dan oksigen untuk janin.</span></div>
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<i><b>Tips : Posisi Tidur Ibu Hamil</b></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Saat kehamilan sedang membesar,
menemukan posisi tidur yang nyaman memang lebih sulit. Jangan berbaring
telentang saat Ibu tidur karena dapat menempatkan rahim di atas pembuluh darah
aorta dan vena cava inferior sehingga menyebabkan berkurangnya aliran darah ke
rahim. Berbaring dengan perut di bawah atau tengkurap dapat menekan rahim Ibu.
Karena hal tersebut, maka Ibu harus belajar untuk tidur menyamping. Menggunakan
bantal ekstra di belakang Ibu atau letakkan kaki di atas bantal dapat menambah
kenyamanan. Insomnia adalah masalah umum pada ibu hamil. Bicarakanlah dengan
pasangan mengenai hal tersebut, lakukan pijat di kaki sebelum tidur atau mandi
air hangat.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">~ Minggu : 16</span></b></span></div>
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<i><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Pergerakan Janin</span></b></i><br />
<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Umurku 14 minggu sekarang. Panjangku
10,6 – 12 cm dan beratku antara 80- 110 gram. Kulitku masih sangat tipis karena
belum ada lemak si tubuhku. Tinggal 24 minggu lagi!</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGxDu6ax0VjI-gjKEP2lvXk2qhA25SxpvlR2e0DvKW-18YPxr34x6rmEUTqRwr9INxs0br185OBLMcuPj_z_fPsq_StkvW70fgBFS7qrCfalgNxcoDgVzPvPDlyZ01cPJiJapuJVJLY4g/s1600/w16.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGxDu6ax0VjI-gjKEP2lvXk2qhA25SxpvlR2e0DvKW-18YPxr34x6rmEUTqRwr9INxs0br185OBLMcuPj_z_fPsq_StkvW70fgBFS7qrCfalgNxcoDgVzPvPDlyZ01cPJiJapuJVJLY4g/s320/w16.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Panjang janin dari kepala sampai
bokong saat ini adalah 10,6 – 12 cm dan berat badan janin berkisar antara 80-
110 gram. Kepala berada pada posisi lebih tegak sekarang, matanya sudah
berpindah lebih dekat ke bagian depan wajah, dan telinga janin sudah hampir
mencapai posisi akhir sehingga pendengaran janin sudah mulai berfungsi. Pola
dari tulang tengkorak janin mulai terbentuk. Jantung janin saat ini memompa sejumlah
darah setiap harinya dan akan semakin meningkat seiring dengan pertumbuhan
janin.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Janin Ibu sudah hampir sempurna
sekarang dengan pertumbuhan bulu mata dan alis namun masih terlihat kurus
karena belum terdapat lemak di tubuhnya. Kulit janin masih tipis sampai kita
dapat melihat pembuluh darah di baliknya. Produk sisa dari sekret (cairan)
pencernaan dan cairan amnion disebut mekonium sudah mulai terakumulasi di usus.
Janin Ibu akan mengosongkan kandung kemihnya setiap 40 – 45 menit.</span></div>
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<i><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Ibu :</span></b></i></div>
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</div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Dalam waktu yang tidak terlalu lama,
Ibu akan mulai merasakan sensasi luar biasa dari kehamilan yaitu pergerakan
dari janin. Beberapa wanita merasakan adanya <i>quickening</i> atau
pergerakan janin antara minggu ke 16 – 20, waktunya berbeda di antara wanita.
Apabila ini adalah kehamilan pertama maka Ibu harus lebih banyak bersabar
karena beberapa Ibu baru merasakan pergerakan janin pada minggu ke-20. Gerakan
janin pertama dirasakan seperti perasaan terdapatnya kupu-kupu di dalam perut
atau sebagai ‘gelembung gas’ atau ‘denyut’. Bila Ibu sudah pernah hamil
sebelumnya maka Ibu akan tahu bahwa perasaan ini merupakan pergerakan janin.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Cairan tubuh Ibu yang meningkat
membuat kulit Ibu lebih lembut, peningkatan pembuluh darah membuat kulit Ibu
menjadi lebih bersih dan bercahaya. Nafsu makan Ibu akan mulai meningkat
trimester ini. Untuk mengatasinya, Ibu sebaiknya meningkatkan frekuensi makan
makanan kecil 3-4x/hari sebagai tambahan pada makanan reguler. Makanan kecil
sebaiknya bergizi seperti salad, telur rebus, roti gandum dengan selai kacang,
keju rendah lemak, dan jus buah.</span></div>
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<i style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Tips : Peningkatan Berat Badan</b></i><b><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 255, 255); font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Peningkatan berat badan trimester
ini diharapkan berkisar antara 6-7 kg (dari total 12-18 kg) bila berat badan
Ibu sebelumnya normal. Dokter Anda akan menyarankan untuk menambah berat badan
lebih kecil bila sebelumnya Ibu <i>overweight</i> dan menambah berat badan
lebih banyak bila sebelumnya Ibu termasuk kategori <i>underweight</i> atau Ibu
mengandung bayi kembar.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Contoh makanan sehat:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">•</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Mulailah hari
dengan sarapan yang bergizi, mengandung protein yang cukup, karbohidrat
kompleks, serat, dan sedikit lemak</span></div>
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<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">•</span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Makan sayuran, gandum, daging, produk susu
rendah lemak, dan hindari makanan kalengan serta makanan yang mengandung
banyak gula</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">•</span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Sediakan snack
sehat seperti biskuit , buah segar, yoghurt, keju rendah lemak. Hindari junk
food</span></div>
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<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">•</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Ganti makanan yang
berlemak seperti yogurt rendah lemak sebagai pengganti es krim, air putih
pengganti jus dan konsumsi produk susu rendah lemak sebagai sumber kalsium</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">•</span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Berolahragalah
teratur seperti jalan pagi atau berenang setiap hari</span></div>
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</tbody></table>
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</tr>
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<td style="padding: 0.75pt; text-align: justify; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10"><br /></td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt; text-align: justify; width: 243.85pt;" width="325"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: 0.75pt; text-align: justify; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10"></td><td style="padding: 0.75pt; text-align: justify; width: 243.85pt;" width="325"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"><td style="padding: 0.75pt; text-align: justify; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10"><br /></td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt; text-align: justify; width: 243.85pt;" width="325"><br /></td>
</tr>
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<td style="padding: 0.75pt; text-align: justify; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10"><br /></td>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">~ Minggu : 17</span></b></span></div>
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<i style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Penumpukan Lemak pada Janin</b></i><br />
<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Umurku 15 minggu sekarang. Panjang
badanku 11 – 13 cm dan beratku antara 110 - 140 gram. Lemak yang menjaga
kehangatan tubuhku sudah mulai terbentuk. Rahim Ibu yang masih besar adalah
tempat bermainku. Tinggal 23 minggu lagi!</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc9vvO6o3Pq0qsO8x1uFJ80vhP6Tthen81H0bjbfzU9plIk6x26Y_fbRSI2lTWuy0P1zT73bmxHA08ml1v22P5xY3VvSr1zelmy8xKoz67OlvZWZ9paOavvlRXtPSGjCwd8Rd5w9bu9Jw/s1600/w17.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc9vvO6o3Pq0qsO8x1uFJ80vhP6Tthen81H0bjbfzU9plIk6x26Y_fbRSI2lTWuy0P1zT73bmxHA08ml1v22P5xY3VvSr1zelmy8xKoz67OlvZWZ9paOavvlRXtPSGjCwd8Rd5w9bu9Jw/s320/w17.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Panjang janin dari kepala sampai
bokong saat ini adalah 11 – 13 cm dan berat badan janin berkisar 110 - 140
gram. Tulang janin berubah dari kartilage (tulang rawan) menjadi tulang keras.
Tali pusat yang menyambung ke plasenta semakin menguat dan menebal. Plasenta
sendiri mengandung ribuan pembuluh darah yang menjamin suplai nutrisi dan oksigen
untuk janin.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Lemak coklat janin mulai terbentuk
dan akan berakumulasi sampai akhir kehamilan. Lemak ini akan menjaga kehangatan
tubuh bayi setelah dilahirkan. Rahim yang cukup besar sekarang memungkinkan
janin untuk lebih banyak menggerakkan kaki dan tangannya. Semua sistim organ
janin sudah mulai berfungsi dan mendekati sempurna.</span></div>
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<i><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Ibu :</span></b></i></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Rahim
Ibu berada 3,8 – 5 cm di bawah pusar. Ibu sudah memiliki pembesaran yang sangat
jelas di perut bawah. Seiring dengan pembesaran perut, pusat dari gravitasi Ibu
berubah. Ibu mungkin sedikit merasakan ketidakseimbangan ketika berdiri. Coba
hindari situasi yang memudahkan Ibu untuk jatuh. Pakailah sepatu hak rendah
untuk mengurangi risiko jatuh. Apabila mata Ibu terasa kering atau lensa kontak
Ibu terasa tidak nyaman, gunakanlah tetes air mata buatan.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Ibu
mungkin merasakan terdapatnya perubahan di payudara, ukurannya mulai
membesar, puting membesar, areola menghitam, dan terlihat gambaran vena di
payudara. Perubahan ini adalah persiapan untuk menyusui. Hormon akan
mempersiapkan produksi susu, lebih banyak darah mengalir ke payudara, dan
kelenjar yang memproduksi susu sudah mulai berkembang.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Bintik hitam atau disebut kloasma
terkadang muncul di wajah Ibu hamil, umumnya di dahi, hidung, dan pipi. Hal
tersebut terjadi karena perubahan hormonal. Setelah melahirkan nanti, bintik
hitam tersebut akan menghilang.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Selama kehamilan, meningkatnya
cairan vagina atau keputihan adalah normal. Cairan ini biasanya putih atau
kuning serta agak kental. Hindari penggunaan celana dalam berbahan nilon,
gunakan bahan katun serta jaga kebersihan vagina Ibu. infeksi pada vagina
terjadi apabila terdapat cairan berwarna kuning atau hijau, berbau, gatal, dan
panas. Jika Ibu mengalami hal tersebut maka berkonsultasilah ke dokter. Peningkatan
aliran darah ke kulit dan otot sekitar vagina yang menyebabkan warna biru atau
lembayung pada vagina disebut dengan Tanda Chadwick, merupakan tanda awal
kehamilan.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="DE" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Stretch
mark akan muncul pada 90% kehamilan. Pada kebanyakan wanita, <i>stretch mark</i>
ini akan berubah warna menjadi keputihan setelah kehamilan nanti. Kemungkinan
munculnya <i>stretch mark</i> dipengaruhi oleh genetik atau keturunan.</span></div>
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<span lang="DE" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Ada
beberapa cara untuk menghadapinya:</span></div>
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<tbody>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">•</span></div>
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<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Jaga berat badan Ibu stabil atau meningkat perlahan-lahan. Hindari peningkatan
berat badan terlalu banyak dalam satu waktu untuk menghindari <i>overstretching</i>
dari kulit Ibu.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">•</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Berolahraga teratur, minum air cukup (8
gelas sehari), dan makan makanan sehat dan bergizi untuk menjaga elastisitas
kulit.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">•</span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Oleskan body lotion
dan massage perut Ibu. Body lotion akan mengurangi kekeringan pada kulit.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">~ Minggu : 18</span></b></span></div>
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<i><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Perkembangan Saraf Janin</span></b></i><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Umurku 16 minggu sekarang. </span></b><b><span lang="DE" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Panjangku
12,5 – 14 cm dan beratku berkisar 120 - 150 gram. Aku sedang sibuk bergerak,
berguling, dan menendang. Ibu sudah dapat merasakan gerakannku. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Aku juga sudah dapat mendengar
suara. Tinggal 22 minggu lagi!</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJ5JY521HdOkbbEcdSGmAl3t913HRIuP0_KBgRR2iwlTAxIywpmqqROuKE2wSWj_k2kBazj9OGdyIe5ujSTTk4vnEmjxJlWtTDKOa_IQPg2yO5v_yjEdB3VzmxL1ALzDlyFjS1xK5oQ2E/s1600/w18.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJ5JY521HdOkbbEcdSGmAl3t913HRIuP0_KBgRR2iwlTAxIywpmqqROuKE2wSWj_k2kBazj9OGdyIe5ujSTTk4vnEmjxJlWtTDKOa_IQPg2yO5v_yjEdB3VzmxL1ALzDlyFjS1xK5oQ2E/s320/w18.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Panjang janin dari kepala sampai
bokong saat ini adalah 12,5 – 14 cm dan berat badan janin berkisar 120 - 150
gram. Karena organ janin hampir semuanya sempurna, maka janin akan lebih
mengkonsentrasikan untuk peningkatan berat badannya. Janin Ibu sedang sibuk
menggerakkan dan menekuk lengannya, berguling, dan menendang, suatu gerakan
yang akan sering Ibu rasakan di minggu-minggu ke depan. Saat ini bahkan janin
Ibu sudah bisa menguap, suatu gambaran yang terkadang bisa Ibu lihat di
pemeriksaan USG. Pertumbuhan tulang di telinga tengah dan saraf pendengaran menjadikan
janin dapat mendengar suara, seperti suara detak jantung dan aliran darah Ibu
melalui tali pusat. Janin bahkan mengangkat tangannya atau bergulung mencoba
bersembunyi apabila terpajan dengan suara yang keras.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Sistim persarafan janin mencapai tahap
maturasi atau pematangan saat ini. Suatu lapisan pelindung bernama mielin mulai
menyelubungi lapisan saraf dan proses ini masih akan terus berlanjut sampai 1
tahun setelah bayi dilahirkan. Mielin sendiri berfungsi sebagai penghubung
antara sel saraf dan membangun suatu jaringan saraf yang kompleks.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Bila janin Ibu perempuan, maka
uterus (rahim), tuba falopi (saluran tuba), dan vagina sudah terbentuk dan
berada di tempatnya. Apabila janin Ibu laki-laki maka kelenjar prostat mulai
terbentuk dan alat kelaminnya sudah dapat Ibu lihat sekarang, namun terkadang
suka tersembunyi di dalam pemeriksaan USG.</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<i><b>Ibu :</b></i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Rahim Ibu sekarang sudah sebesar
semangka atau sedikit lebih besar. Ibu dapat merasakan janin sekitar 2 jari di
bawah pusar Ibu. Lapar? Peningkatan selera makan adalah hal umum yang
didapatkan pada Ibu hamil di trimester ini. Pilihlah makanan yang kaya akan
nutrisi dibandingkan makanan instant yang tidak bergizi (kentang goreng,
permen, keripik kentang). Berdiet selama kehamilan bukan merupakan hal yang
bijaksana, karena itu Ibu sebaiknya memperhatikan gizi dari makanan. Penambahan
berat Ibu seharusnya sekitar 6-7 kg dalam trimester ini. Ibu masih memiliki
waktu 22 minggu lagi dan Ibu masih akan menambah berat badan lagi. Penambahan
berat badan lebih dari yang disarankan dapat menyebabkan penyulit di persalinan
dan akan sulit untuk dikurangi setelah melahirkan nanti.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Pakaian yang nyaman juga sebaiknya
mulai Ibu kenakan untuk mengantisipasi peningkatan lingkar perut dan panggul.
Jika Ibu belum melakukan USG di trimester kedua ini, maka sebaiknya Ibu segera
melakukannya. Pemeriksaan USG dapat melihat pertumbuhan janin Ibu, melihat
apakah terdapat kelainan kongenital, melihat kondisi plasenta (ari-ari) dan
tali pusat, dan melihat berapa banyak janin yang ada di kandungan Ibu (mungkin
saja kembar).</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Pertumbuhan rahim yang semakin besar
dapat menyebabkan punggung belakang Ibu tertarik ke depan dikarenakan
gravitasi. </span><span lang="DA" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Ditambah dengan peregangan ligamen akibat hormon
relaksin, maka keluhan nyeri punggang akan datang. Kurangi rasa nyeri punggung
dengan menaikkan kaki lebih tinggi di kala istirahat, kompres air hangat, dan
posisikan salah satu kaki di suatu pijakan rendah ketika berdiri.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="DA" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Penambahan
volume darah dapat menurunkan tekanan darah Ibu. Jadi berdiri tiba-tiba
atau pergerakan cepat yang tiba-tiba dapat mengakibatkan pusing dan
berkunang-kunang. Hal tersebut normal terjadi. Diingat saja agar Ibu tidak
melakukan gerakan tiba-tiba yang berbahaya.</span></div>
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<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Tips : Mengatasi Kaki Kram Selama Kehamilan</span></b></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="DA" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Bila Ibu
mengalami keram pada kaki, maka jangan berdiri terlalu lama. Bersandarlah
sesering mungkin. Belum ada penyebab pasti dari keram kaki tersebut,
kemungkinan disebabkan otot kaki yang lelah akibat peningkatan berat badan di
kehamilan. Teori lain menyebutkan bahwa pembuluh darah yang membawa darah ke
kaki tertekan akibat perkembangan dari rahim. Olahraga peregangan sebelum
beraktivitas akan membantu mengurangi keram pada kaki. Apabila keram terjadi,
luruskan kaki Ibu dan secara perlahan fleksikan atau gerakkan tumit dan kaki ke
arah perut. Ibu dapat mengompres daerah yang keram selama 10 – 15 menit.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Tips : Olahraga selama Kehamilan</span></b></i><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="DA" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Latihan
fisik secara teratur mencegah rasa tidak nyaman, meningkatkan tenaga, dan
meningkatkan kesehatan Ibu hamil. Latihan yang diperlukan adalah latihan yang
nyaman dan tidak membuat tubuh mengeluarkan energi terlalu besar. Berenang dan
bersepeda dapat dilakukan selama kehamilan. Jalan-jalan dan <i>aerobic low
impact</i> dapat ditoleransi. Berjalan adalah olahraga yang baik untuk pemula.
Berjalan memiliki efek seperti aerobik namun tanpa beban berat pada persendian.
Pakailah jenis sepatu yang nyaman ketika berolahraga. Latihan dapat mengurangi
ketidaknyamanan selama kehamilan seperti konstipasi, pegal pada punggung, mudah
lelah, bengkak pada kaki, dan varises vena.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="DA" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Hindari
olahraga yang melakukan gerakan berbaring dengan punggung sebagai dasarnya,
olahraga yang dapat mengakibatkan jatuh atau trauma pada perut, dan olahraga
dengan beban persendian yang berat. Hindari mengangkat beban berat diatas
kepala dan melakukan gerakan yang mengakibatkan peregangan dari otot punggung.
Pada triwulan 2 dan 3, hindari latihan yang melibatkan gerakan berbaring di
punggung karena akan menurunkan aliran darah ke rahim.</span><br />
<br />
<span lang="DA" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Tips </span>:</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Aerobic low impact
yang berarti aerobik tanpa gerakan melompat, tendangan tinggi, berlari cepat,
dan tetap meletakkan satu kaki di lantai untuk mencegah persendian mudah
lelah dan cedera. Aerobic low impact aman selama kehamilan</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Dianjurkan latihan
ringan sampai sedang 3 kali semingu</span></div>
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<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 16.8pt;" valign="top" width="22">
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Jangan melakukan
olahraga yang mengakibatkan kelelahan atau kehabisan napas dan hentikan
olahraga apabila mengalami gejala lelah, pusing, kehabisan napas</span></div>
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<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 16.8pt;" valign="top" width="22">
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Pakailah sepatu
olahraga yang nyaman</span></div>
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<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 16.8pt;" valign="top" width="22">
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Untuk menghindari
overheated, wanita hamil disarankan berolahraga pada daerah yang dingin,
minum air yang banyak selama latihan, dan memakai baju olahraga yang nyaman</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Lakukan istirahat
secara teratur</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Pilihlah tipe
olahraga yang tidak memiliki risiko trauma (terutama bagian perut) dan jatuh
dengan menghindari daerah berbatu dan jalur yang tidak stabil ketika berlari
atau bersepeda</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 16.8pt;" valign="top" width="22">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">8.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 275.05pt;" width="367">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Hindari olahraga
yang melakukan gerakan berbaring dengan punggung sebagai dasarnya terutama
pada triwulan kedua dan ketiga</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 16.8pt;" valign="top" width="22">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">9.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 275.05pt;" width="367">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Asupan makanan
sebaiknya ditingkatkan dengan komposisi sesuai dengan energi yang dikeluarkan
ketika berolahraga</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 16.8pt;" valign="top" width="22">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">10.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 275.05pt;" width="367">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Hindari mengangkat
beban berat diatas kepala dan melakukan gerakan yang mengakibatkan peregangan
dari otot punggung</span></div>
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<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<b style="color: #e69138; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">~ Minggu 19</span></b><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<i><b>Pemeriksaan USG Trimester Kedua</b></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Umurku 17 minggu sekarang. Panjangku
13 – 15 cm dan berat badanku sekitar 200 gram. Bacakan cerita untukku Ibu, aku
ingin mendengarnya. Tinggal 21 minggu lagi!</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZkQI8T5ft6JqvRs69RiTea__Yg2wHlx8F_DJosttGkB4-LjCzB-lIpabg3NoSFjpyPPe9CqRuqIznBjGua0TzXVMibXArtth86AI37JUKu9zm2errj79hSzoaW7dYxmdTWgA7ib5tHzM/s1600/w19.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZkQI8T5ft6JqvRs69RiTea__Yg2wHlx8F_DJosttGkB4-LjCzB-lIpabg3NoSFjpyPPe9CqRuqIznBjGua0TzXVMibXArtth86AI37JUKu9zm2errj79hSzoaW7dYxmdTWgA7ib5tHzM/s320/w19.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Panjang janin dari kepala sampai
bokong saat ini adalah 13 – 15 cm dan berat badan janin berkisar 200 gram.
Perkembangan sensorik dari janin semakin bertambah. Otak janin akan
mengembangkan area untuk penciuman, indera rasa, pendengaran, penglihatan, dan
sensasi raba.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Beberapa penelitian menyebutkan
bahwa janin sudah dapat mendengar suara sekarang, jadi berbicaralah baik Ibu
maupun Bapak untuk semakin menguatkan ikatan batin dengan janin. Janin Ibu akan
lebih banyak tidur, sekitar 20 jam sehari. Janin justru baru bangun ketika Ibu
berusaha untuk tidur.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Lapisan menyerupai lilin yang
menyelubungi tubuh janin disebut vernix kaseosa mulai terbentuk di seluruh
kulit janin. Lapisan ini berwarna putih dan berminyak. Verniks berfungsi
melindungi kulit janin dari cairan amnion. Tanpa verniks, kulit bayi akan
terlihat keriput saat lahir.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<i><b>Ibu :</b></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Berat badan Ibu semakin meningkat
dan perut akan bertambah besar (1,3 cm di bawah pusar Ibu). Kaki Ibu akan
terlihat membengkak juga karena akumulasi dari air dan relaksasi dari ligamen
di tubuh. Kemerahan di telapak tangan juga didapatkan akibat peningkatan hormon
estrogen, hal tersebut tidak perlu dikhawatirkan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Untuk beberapa wanita, efek samping
dari pertumbuhan rahim adalah nyeri ligament bundar. Nyeri ligament Bundar
adalah rasa nyeri tajam di satu atau kedua sisi perut yang terjadi
karena meregangnya ligamen penunjang rahim. Rahim ditunjang atau digantung
oleh pita ligamen tebal yang berada dari region inguinal (selangkangan) sampai
ke abdomen (perut). Ketika rahim membesar karena kehamilan, ligament penunjang
tersebut teregang dan menipis guna menjaga pembesaran rahim. Nyeri ini umum
terjadi bila Ibu merubah posisi tiba-tiba atau berdiri dari posisi duduk atau
berbaring, dan ketika batuk. Cara terbaik mengatasinya adalah berbaring dalam
posisi nyaman dengan kaki diangkat lebih tinggi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Banyak Ibu hamil khawatir
berhubungan seksual akan menyakiti janin mereka. Jawabannya adalah tidak.
Hubungan seksual aman di semua tahapan kehamilan. Namun keinginan berhubungan
seksual berfluktuasi tergantung dari kecemasan, rasa lelah, pembesaran rahim,
dan perubahan hormonal. Bicarakanlah secara terbuka dengan pasangan mengenai
hal tersebut.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Pemeriksaan USG dapat dilakukan pada
minggu ini. Pasangan orangtua dapat melihat jenis kelamin anak mereka dan
pergerakan janin</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Tips : Mencari Nama Bayi</span></b></i><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Sudah saatnya pasangan orangtua
mencari deretan nama untuk bayi mereka nantinya. Beberapa orangtua memilih nama
yang unik namun enak didengar dan diucapkan, ada yang mencarinya dari nama
keluarga, atau nama yang memiliki arti. Banyak faktor yang bisa membantu untuk
menentukan nama bayi. Kegiatan mencari nama bayi merupakan aktivitas yang
menyenangkan bagi orangtua.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Tips : Berhubungan Seksual Selama Kehamilan</span></b></i><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Pada umumnya senggama diperbolehkan
selama kehamilan asalkan dilakukan dengan hati-hati. Peningkatan aktivitas
kandungan (kontraksi) setelah hubungan seksual umum didapatkan pada kehamilan.
Untuk wanita dengan riwayat kehamilan preterm, plasenta previa, atau abortus
berulang, dianjurkan untuk menghindari berhubungan seksual selama kehamilan.
Ketika kandungan sudah besar, tidak dianjurkan melakukan hubungan seksual
dengan posisi misionaris (pria di atas). Lebih aman melakukannya dengan posisi
menyamping atau wanita di atas. Pada akhir kehamilan, ketika kepala sudah masuk
rongga panggul, senggama sebaiknya dihentikan karena dapat menimbulkan rasa
sakit dan perdarahan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Tips : Ambeien dan Varises</b></i><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Peningkatan volume darah dapat
menghasilkan efek samping pada Ibu hamil. Yang pertama adalah varises dan yang
lain adalah hemoroid atau ambeien. Kedua hal ini akan menghilang setelah proses
kelahiran namun terkadang kondisi ini mengganggu selama kehamilan. Cobalah
untuk selalu mengganti posisi berdiri-duduk untuk mencegah varises pada kaki.
Naikkan kaki dalam posisi lebih tinggi ketika beristirahat dan tidur.
Berolahraga teratur membantu melancarkan aliran darah di kaki. Makan makanan
berserat, banyak minum air (8 gelas sehari), jangan mengedan, hindari jongkok
terlalu lama di kamar mandi membantu untuk mencegah hemoroid.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #e69138;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">~ Minggu : 20</span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Paruh Awal Kehamilan</span></b></i><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Umurku 18 minggu sekarang. Panjangku
14 – 16 cm dan beratku sekitar 260 – 300 gram. Aku sudah banyak latihan menelan
air ketuban. Tinggal 20 minggu lagi!</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKOOGiVCK8PQMayIyFgHgA3C31DlD61mUTF4TzMtZJpVHudjV6VwQ64Uwufqm-9B-Be5ZLsd2qoGrfd_HZZIhoU8ujpwVoNZmvhiTqwhCjyrqzr4wKC1ofa7oCs-xqV35JDGm6xULEHwc/s1600/w20.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKOOGiVCK8PQMayIyFgHgA3C31DlD61mUTF4TzMtZJpVHudjV6VwQ64Uwufqm-9B-Be5ZLsd2qoGrfd_HZZIhoU8ujpwVoNZmvhiTqwhCjyrqzr4wKC1ofa7oCs-xqV35JDGm6xULEHwc/s320/w20.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Janin Ibu sudah berkembang sangat
pesat dari asalnya yang hanya kumpulan sel. Panjang janin dari kepala sampai
bokong saat ini adalah 14 – 16 cm dan berat badan janin berkisar 260 – 300
gram. Setelah usia 20 minggu, panjang janin akan diukur dari kepala ke kaki.
Janin semakin banyak menelan minggu ini, latihan yang baik untuk saluran
pencernaannya. Janin juga sudah memproduksi mekonium, cairan kental berwarna
hitam hasil produk sisa pencernaan. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Selama 10 minggu ke depan janin akan
sangat aktif bergerak. Pergerakan akrobat dari janin ini akan terus terjadi
sampai ruangan menjadi terlalu sempit bagi janin untuk berkembang. Pergerakan
janin ini akan menjadi keseharian bagi Ibu. Kulit janin saat ini sudah terdiri
atas lapisan epidermis, dermis, dan lapisan subkutis. Pembuluh darah dan saraf
terdapat juga di dalamnya. Lapisan dermis sendiri terdiri atas lapisan lemak.
Kulit janin akan semakin menebal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Ibu :</span></b></i><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Selamat Ibu! Ibu sudah melampaui
separuh perjalanan kehamilan. Rahim Ibu sekarang berukuran tepat di posisi
pusar dan berat badan Ibu sudah meningkat sebanyak 5 kg. Selama kehamilan, Ibu
membutuhkan tambahan zat besi sebanyak 30 mg per hari dikarenakan peningkatan
dari volume darah ibu hamil. Daging merah merupakan sumber terbaik untuk zat
besi. Unggas, bayam, kismis, kuning telur, sayuran hijau, dan tahu juga banyak
mengandung zat besi. Gabungan antara makanan yang mengandung vitamin C dengan
zat besi dapat meningkatkan penyerapan zat besi lebih baik bagi tubuh.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Janin Ibu sudah memiliki pola tidur
seperti layaknya bayi. Beberapa janin bahkan memiliki posisi tidur favorit
dengan dagu menempel di dada, beberapa tidur dengan kepala mendongak (<i>flung
back</i>). Jika janin Ibu laki-laki, testis janin Ibu sudah mulai turun dari
rongga panggul ke dalam skrotum. Apabila janin Ibu perempuan, maka rahimnya
sudah sempurna terbentuk dan sisa organ reproduksinya sedang dalam
perkembangan. Mulai dari sekarang janin Ibu akan lebih berkonsentrasi untuk
meningkatkan berat badannya, begitu juga Ibu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Apakah
Ibu merasakan perubahan pada kuku dan rambut Ibu? Tidakkah mereka tumbuh lebih
cepat dari biasanya? Efek samping dari kehamilan adalah pertumbuhan kuku dan
rambut yang lebih cepat. Rambut akan menjadi lebih tebal dan lebih sehat. Semua
disebabkan karena hormon kehamilan dan juga peningkatan dari sirkulasi darah
yang membawa nutrisi bagi rambut dan kuku. Setiap bulan Ibu akan diukur tekanan
darahnya. Tekanan darah lebih dari 140/90 mmHg sudah dapat dikatakan tinggi.
Berkonsultasilah dengan dokter apabila tekanan darah Ibu mengalami peningkatan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Tips Bepergian selama Kehamilan</span></b></i><br />
<br /></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Hal-hal yang
dianjurkan apabila seorang wanita hamil bepergian adalah:</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<table align="left" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: 6.75pt; margin-right: 6.75pt; width: 392px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">1.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Apabila bepergian selama kehamilan, maka
duduk dalam jangka waktu lama harus dihindari karena dapat menyebabkan
peningkatan risiko bekuan darah dalam vena dan tromboflebitis selama
kehamilan</span></div>
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</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 15.0pt;" valign="top" width="20">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">2.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Wanita
hamil dapat mengendarai mobil maksimal 6 jam dalam sehari dan harus berhenti
selama 2 jam lalu berjalan selama 10 menit</span></div>
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<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 15.0pt;" valign="top" width="20">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">3.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Stoking penyangga sebaiknya dipakai apabila
harus duduk dalam jangka waktu lama di mobil atau pesawat terbang</span></div>
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<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 15.0pt;" valign="top" width="20">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">4.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Sabuk pengaman sebaiknya selalu dipakai,
sabuk tersebut diletakkan dibawah perut ketika kehamilan sudah besar</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">5.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Hindari penerbangan yang sangat tinggi dan
jangka waktu lama (ke luar negeri) karena kadar oksigen lebih rendah di
tempat yang lebih tinggi. Hal ini dapat meningkatkan detak jantung Ibu dan
janin sehingga janin dapat kekurangan oksigen</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Tips: Hindari <i>Douching</i></span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Jangan melakukan <i>douching</i>
ketika sedang hamil. Emboli udara dapat terjadi apabila Ibu melakukan douching.
Meskipun hal tersebut jarang terjadi namun hal tersebut merupakan masalah yang
berbahaya.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #e69138;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">~ Minggu : 21</span></b></span><br />
</div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></div>
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<i style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Saluran Pencernaan Janin Mulai Berfungsi</b></i><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span lang="DA" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Umurku
19 minggu sekarang. Panjangku 18- 20 cm dan beratku 300 gram. Saluran
pencernaanku mulai berfungsi. Kulitku masih dilapisi oleh verniks yang
melindungiku dari cairan ketuban. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Tinggal 19 minggu lagi!</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdNotE30xY6DVqVzj_iCGQDQX3c5OvnN0hsNTjoiGHA6CS3R2Pp_ONxVz7AbU00tN0Shyv12Xl68VF3ta7dEboNZU02q6Jtgs6HV4nLZAvKRD_DxHi1JtrIDYoIVy9t3RSa1-lkGxTwhg/s1600/w21.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdNotE30xY6DVqVzj_iCGQDQX3c5OvnN0hsNTjoiGHA6CS3R2Pp_ONxVz7AbU00tN0Shyv12Xl68VF3ta7dEboNZU02q6Jtgs6HV4nLZAvKRD_DxHi1JtrIDYoIVy9t3RSa1-lkGxTwhg/s320/w21.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Panjang janin dari kepala sampai
bokong saat ini sekitar 18- 20 cm dan berat badan janin sekitar 300 gram.
Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan janin sudah mulai melambat minggu ini. Janin kecil
Ibu masih tetap bersemangat untuk menendang-nendang dan mencari posisi yang
lebih nyaman.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Beberapa janin sudah memposisikan
dirinya dengan kepala di bawah pada akhir trimester ini, namun beberapa janin
baru akan memiliki posisi kepala di bawah pada akhir kehamilan. <i>Rapid Eye
Movement</i> (REM) terbentuk pada minggu ke-21 dan alis serta kelopak mata
janin sudah terbentuk. Bila janin perempuan maka vagina sudah mulai terbentuk.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Janin sudah dapat menelan cairan
ketuban saat ini, dan saluran pencernaan janin sudah mampu menyerap sejumlah
air dan melewatkan zat yang tidak dapat diserap ke usus besar. Proses menelan
yang terjadi pada janin saat ini akan membantu pertumbuhan dan perkembangan
sistim pencernaannya berfungsi dengan baik setelah lahir. Cairan ketuban yang
ditelan oleh janin juga berperan di dalam memberikan sejumlah kalori untuk
kebutuhan nutrisi. Jenis lemak yang disebut dengan ‘lemak coklat’ akan mulai
terakumulasi di tubuh janin yang berfungsi menjaga kehangatan dan mengatur suhu
tubuh janin.</span></div>
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<i style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Ibu :</b></i><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Rahim Ibu sekarang berada 1 cm di
atas pusar, cukup besar untuk memperlihatkan pada orang di sekitar bahwa Ibu
sedang hamil saat ini. Penambahan berat badan Ibu seharusnya mencapai 4,5 – 6,3
kg. Trimester kedua merupakan saat paling nyaman bagi Ibu, keluhan-keluhan
sudah menghilang dan perut Ibu belum terlalu besar. Meskipun begitu,
peningkatan produksi kelenjar minyak dapat menyebabkan timbulnya jerawat.
Rajin-rajinlah Ibu mencuci muka dengan sabun khusus pembersih muka yang
mengandung pH netral dan pastikan pelembab ataupun make-up yang dipakai tidak
menambah kadar minyak di muka. Jangan menggunakan obat antijerawat karena
beberapa dari obat tersebut berbahaya bagi kehamilan. Ibu dapat menggunakan pengobatan
topikal (dioleskan) pada jerawat namun konsultasikanlah terlebih dahulu ke
dokter.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Selain itu, semakin besar kehamilan
maka akan terjadi peningkatan tekanan di pembuluh darah vena kaki. Kadar
progesteron yang tinggi juga dapat menyebabkan relaksasi pembuluh vena di kaki
sehingga semakin memudahkan terjadinya varises.</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<i><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Tips Menghindari Varises Kaki </span></b></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 284.35pt;" width="379">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Berolahragalah
secara teratur</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 284.35pt;" width="379">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Naikkan kaki Ibu lebih tinggi ketika sedang
beristirahat</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 284.35pt;" width="379">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Secara rutin
istirahatkan kaki Ibu apabila sedang berdiri dalam jangka waktu tertentu.
Bersandar atau tinggikan kaki Ibu untuk mempercepat pengosongan vena</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 284.35pt;" width="379">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Pakai sepatu atau
sandal yang nyaman dan tidak memiliki hak</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 284.35pt;" width="379">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Kenakan pakaian
yang tidak menghambat sirkulasi pada lutut atau paha</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">•</span></div>
</td>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Jangan
menyilangkan kaki Ibu karena akan mengganggu sirkulasi</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #e69138;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">~ Minggu
: 22</span></b></span></div>
</div>
<br />
<br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<i><b>Janin Sudah Berbentuk Miniatur Bayi Cukup Bulan</b></i></div>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Umurku 20 minggu sekarang. Panjangku
19 – 22 cm dan berat badanku sekitar 350 gram. Ibu sudah dapat melihat bibir,
kelopak mata, dan alisku. Tinggal 18 minggu lagi!</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgv5cOG1QhaEHAVGaESGcswtUG25tExVW9rU2SQvvvr6mEqnEp6cbJWXLMvdFUFhIg8BdHntCnjFY4D5Bx9PdhTTbAN-I4_ckY4bJheHL6cqk6qEsNE4V7B2qeZZBRbZ-l7el4gZBjwkpE/s1600/w22.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgv5cOG1QhaEHAVGaESGcswtUG25tExVW9rU2SQvvvr6mEqnEp6cbJWXLMvdFUFhIg8BdHntCnjFY4D5Bx9PdhTTbAN-I4_ckY4bJheHL6cqk6qEsNE4V7B2qeZZBRbZ-l7el4gZBjwkpE/s320/w22.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Panjang janin dari kepala sampai
bokong saat ini sekitar 19 – 22 cm dan berat badan janin sekitar 350 gram.
Janin Ibu sekarang seperti miniatur dari bayi cukup bulan. Bibir, kelopak mata,
alis sudah terlihat lebih jelas. Matanya sudah terbentuk namun iris janin masih
belum memiliki pigment. Lanugo atau rambut halus melingkupi seluruh
tubuhnya dan juga masih didapatkan keriput pada kulit janin yang akan ada
sampai terdapat lemak di dalam tubuhnya. Indera perasa pada janin akan
berkembang dari hari ke hari. Tonjolan perasa berbagai jenis makanan dan
minuman mulai terbentuk pada lidah janin. Janin Ibu saat ini juga sudah dapat merasakan
sentuhan ringan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Salah satu fungsi hati adalah
pemecahan bilirubun. Hati janin saat ini memiliki kapasitas yang
terbatas untuk mengubah bilirubin. Jika bayi Ibu lahir prematur maka bayi
dapat memiliki bilirubin yang tinggi dan menyebabkan ikterik atau kuning pada
kulit dan mukosa. Bayi dengan ikterik memiliki kulit dan mata yang kuning. Pada
kondisi ini bayi akan diberikan fototerapi menggunakan sinar untuk membantu
menghancurkan bilirubin.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Ibu :</span></b></i><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Rahim Ibu sekarang berada 2 cm di
atas pusar dan akan terus membesar minggu-minggu ke depan. Stretch mark akan
semakin terlihat jelas seiring dengan perubahan badan Ibu selama kehamilan.
Stetch mark ini dapat memiliki variasi warna dari merah jambu sampai coklat
gelap, tergantung warna kulit. Meskipun umumnya terdapat di perut, stretch mark
juga bisa didapatkan di daerah bokong, pinggul, paha bagian dalam, dan
payudara. Selalu jaga kelembaban kulit Ibu untuk mencegah gatal pada stretch
mark.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Apabila Ibu merasakan keram pada
perut, maka istirahatlah lebih sering dan konsumsi susu atau makan pisang.
Konstipasi pada wanita hamil tidak hanya berkaitan dengan kurangnya asupan
serat, namun juga berkaitan dengan peningkatan hormon progesteron yang
menyebabkan berkurangnya pergerakan lambung dan meningkatnya waktu transit
makanan di lambung. Selain itu penekanan rektum (bagian terbawah usus besar)
akibat pembesaran rahim juga dapat menyebabkan konstipasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Merupakan hal yang wajar bagi
jari-jari Ibu untuk sedikit membesar selama kehamilan. Apabila cincin pernikahan
Ibu sudah mulai terasa sempit, Ibu dapat melepasnya atau masukkan ke rantai
kalung dan pakailah seperti layaknya liontin agar dekat ke hati Ibu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Tips Mengatasi Sulit BAB (Buang Air Besar)/Konstipasi</b></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
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<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">•</span></div>
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<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 284.35pt;" width="379">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Makan makanan
berserat (roti gandum, buah, sayuran)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">•</span></div>
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<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 284.35pt;" width="379">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Minum cairan dalam jumlah cukup (6 – 8
gelas air dan 1 -2 gelas jus per hari)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 284.35pt;" width="379">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IT;">Minum minuman hangat terutama di pagi hari</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 284.35pt;" width="379">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Miliki waktu khusus
untuk BAB dan hindari mengedan ketika BAB</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 284.35pt;" width="379">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Ketika di toilet,
Ibu dapat melakukan gerakan duduk tegak dan bersandar sedikit kebelakang,
naikkan lengan ke atas untuk mengaktifkan gerakan usus besar, bergerak dari
samping ke samping untuk melancarkan gerakan usus, dan letakkan salah satu
kaki di suatu kotak untuk menurunkan tekanan dari anus (dubur)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 284.35pt;" width="379">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Apabila memiliki
pekerjaan yang mengharuskan duduk sepanjang waktu, berdirilah dan berjalan
setiap jam atau kapanpun ada waktu</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 284.35pt;" width="379">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: DA;">Diskusikan penggunaan laksatif dengan dokter</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #e69138; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>~ Minggu : 23</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #e69138; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #e69138; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<i><b>Perkembangan pada Organ Paru</b></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span lang="DA" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Umurku
21 minggu sekarang. Panjangku28 cm dan beratku 455 gram. Aku akan sering
membangunkan Ibu di kala malam dengan gerakanku. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Tinggal 17 minggu lagi!</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCCcT71O14Hihv07uP6v7t11LZWbQWlpzX5WBA8G6E49q8OlI2iyNqlaHlurG04dl8lSyVpmbcOs9PqggwKtj0OwvWCCAgMWrPk98w-O0oVYYl8Rf0KEMgrn8W8LLgZOxi7D1tn2H4PyQ/s1600/w23.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCCcT71O14Hihv07uP6v7t11LZWbQWlpzX5WBA8G6E49q8OlI2iyNqlaHlurG04dl8lSyVpmbcOs9PqggwKtj0OwvWCCAgMWrPk98w-O0oVYYl8Rf0KEMgrn8W8LLgZOxi7D1tn2H4PyQ/s320/w23.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Panjang janin dari kepala sampai
tumit saat ini sekitar 28 cm dengan berat sekitar 455 gram. Janin Ibu semakin
gemuk dan beratnya akan terus bertambah lagi. Dengan panca inderanya yang
semakin terbentuk sempurna, janin Ibu dapat merasakan gerakan dan suara dari
luar. Mulailah membacakan buku dan berbicara dengan janin Ibu, perdengarkanlah
musik dan berikanlah perkenalan pada dunia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Aliran darah di paru janin mulai
berkembang untuk mempersiapkan fungsi pernapasan. Paru janin akan mulai
memproduksi surfaktan, zat yang membantu pengembangan paru saat lahir. Selain
perkembangan pada organ paru, pankreas pada janin juga berkembang. Pankreas
akan berfungsi menghasilkan hormon yang berkaitan dengan produksi insulin.
Insulin diperlukan oleh tubuh untuk metabolisme glukosa. Bayi yang lahir dari
Ibu dengan diabetes memiliki kadar insulin tinggi di dalam darahnya. Karena
itulah Ibu hamil sebaiknya memeriksakan kadar gula darah selama kehamilan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<i><b>Ibu :</b></i></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Rahim Ibu sekarang berukuran sekitar
3,75 cm di atas pusar dengan bentuk perut yang bulat membesar. Penambahan berat
badan Ibu berkisar 5,5 – 6,8 kg. Plasenta dan jumlah cairan ketuban akan
semakin meningkat seiring dengan pertambahan usia kehamilan. Karena ruang yang
semakin luas bagi janin di dalam sana,
maka janin akan sering bergerak, menendang, dan mencengkram sehingga Ibu dapat
melihat perut Ibu bergerak-gerak. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Ibu mungkin melihat terjadinya pembengkakan
pada betis dan kaki dalam beberapa minggu ke depan. Perubahan sirkulasi di
tubuh akan menyebabkan terjadinya retensi (tertahannya) air yang berakibat
pembengkakan atau edema. Berbaring sesisi tubuh, regangkan kaki setelah
lama duduk, naikkan kaki ke posisi lebih tinggi ketika beristirahat, dan
hindari duduk atau berdiri terlalu lama bermanfaat untuk mengurangi edema.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Cobalah untuk berolahraga teratur
guna memperbaiki sirkulasi, pakai stoking dan kenakan sepatu yang nyaman. Ibu
juga tetap harus minum dalam jumlah banyak untuk menghindari dehidrasi atau
kekurangan cairan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Dokter Ibu dapat melakukan palpasi
(pemeriksaan menggunakan tangan) ke perut Ibu untuk menentukan posisi janin.
Dokter juga akan mengukur panjang fundus (bagian atas) rahim Ibu. Pemeriksaan
ini memberikan informasi mengenai pertumbuhan janin di dalam sana.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Rahim Ibu secara teratur
berkontraksi dan berelaksasi. Kontraksi dan relaksasi ini juga dialami oleh
wanita yang tidak hamil namun pada umumnya kontraksi tersebut tidak dirasakan.
Pada kehamilan, kontraksi ini dinamakan kontraksi Braxton Hicks yang terasa
seperti mengerasnya perut bagian bawah dan tidak menimbulkan keluhan nyeri.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Beberapa wanita merasakan kontraksi
tersebut ketika sedang lelah atau sehabis olahraga. Terkadang kontraksi
dirasakan setelah berhubungan intim dan sedang dehidrasi (kekurangan cairan).
Kontraksi ini berlangsung selama 25 – 60 detik. Hubungi dokter Ibu apabila
kontraksi terjadi 4 kali dalam waktu 1 jam atau kontraksi disertai rasa nyeri,
meningkat intensitasnya, dan disertai dengan keluarnya cairan dari vagina.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<i><b>Tips : Hati-hati Diabetes pada Kehamilan</b></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Wanita yang menderita diabetes
selama kehamilan disebut dengan diabetes gestasional. Diabetes adalah kondisi
yang ditandai dengan kekurangan insulin dalam aliran darah. Insulin berguna
untuk metabolisme gula dalam darah. Gejala diabetes yang perlu Ibu waspadai
adalah sering buang air kecil (>5x di kala istirahat malam/tidur), sering
lapar, sering haus, pandangan kabur, gatal-gatal, keputihan, kehilangan berat
badan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Pemeriksaan gula darah puasa dan 2
jam setelah makan pada akhir trimester kedua diperlukan untuk memantau
terjadinya diabetes gestasional (terutama bagi mereka yang memiliki riwayat
keluarga dengan diabetes).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #e69138;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">~ Minggu : 24</span></b></span><br />
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<i><b>Janin Hampir Sempurna</b></i></div>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Umurku 22 minggu sekarang. Panjangku
28cm - 30cm dan beratku 540g - 630g. Kulitku masih keriput namun penumpukan
lemak di tubuhnya semakin banyak. Tinggal 16 minggu lagi!</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2lwjLhVSjTvrmkjlUL8d7Eh7AmP7vIv0FGfk_l0cEL-4s6tgF4DmINt_gr_w12gATu9oIYH1lN5hLMuCcO6ZmaGOv5eHu-Pw9Hg_Y93m4zritD4zamGRPXBkUIGjRdoy_auGMwCzSapM/s1600/w24.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2lwjLhVSjTvrmkjlUL8d7Eh7AmP7vIv0FGfk_l0cEL-4s6tgF4DmINt_gr_w12gATu9oIYH1lN5hLMuCcO6ZmaGOv5eHu-Pw9Hg_Y93m4zritD4zamGRPXBkUIGjRdoy_auGMwCzSapM/s320/w24.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Pada akhir minggu ke-24, berat badan
janin mencapai 540g - 630g dengan panjang dari kepala sampai tumit sekitar 28cm
- 30cm. Kulit janin masih keriput dan penumpukan lemak di tubuhnya semakin
banyak. Kepala masih berukuran besar dan perkembangan paru-paru hampir sempurna
dengan perkembangan cabang-cabang saluran napas.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Bertanya-tanya seperti apa wajah
janin Ibu sekarang? Apabila Ibu bisa mengintip ke dalam rahim maka saat ini
adalah minggu yang tepat untuk melihat muka janin Ibu. Wajah janin Ibu hampir
sempurna saat ini. Yang terasa kurang adalah lemak yang belum banyak
terakumulasi di bawah kulitnya sehingga apabila Ibu melihat lebih dekat lagi
maka kulitnya masih transparan dan kita dapat melihat dengan jelas organ,
tulang, dan pembuluh darah di balik kulitnya. Janin berada pada tahapan
pematangan dan akan bertambah berat badannya sekitar 6 ons setiap minggu,
dengan sumber utama berasal dari lemak.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Gelombang otak janin sudah
mengaktivasi sistim auditori dan visual sehingga mata janin dapat berespon
terhadap datangnya cahaya dan telinga kecilnya dapat berespon terhadap suara
dari luar. Telinga bagian dalam yang sudah terbentuk sempurna membantu
mengontol keseimbangan dari janin sehingga janin dapat menentukan posisinya
(atas, bawah) ketika berenang dan membuat gerakan di dalam cairan ketuban.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Tali pusat adalah sistim penyambung
kehidupan bagi janin. Tali pusat menghubungkan antara plasenta dan janin. Tali
pusat mengandung 1 vena besar dan 2 pembuluh darah arteri. Darah yang kaya akan
oksigen dan nutrisi ditraspor dari plasenta ke janin setiap 30 detik melalui
tali pusat. Filtrasi yang terdapat di dalamnya memisahkan darah Ibu dan janin.</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>Ibu :</b></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Beberapa minggu terakhir, rahim Ibu
berkembang sampai sekarang memiliki ukuran seperti bola sepak. Beberapa wanita
melakukan pemeriksaan skrining tes gula darah antara minggu ke 24 - 28. Tes ini
dilakukan bagi mereka yang memiliki risiko diabetes gestasional atau riwayat
keluarga dengan diabetes melitus. Diabetes yang tidak tertangani dapat
menyebabkan gangguan di dalam proses melahirkan secara normal atau Ibu terpaksa
melakukan operasi sesar karena janin yang besar.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Rahim yang semakin besar akan
menekan saluran pencernaan dan berakibat terjadinya <i>heart burn</i>. Ibu juga
dapat merasa lebih sulit bernapas karena hormon merelaksasikan otot di paru
serta rahim Ibu yang besar mendorong diafragma. Gangguan tidur juga umum
dialami Ibu hamil dan perlu diingat Ibu harus menghentikan kebiasaan tidur
telentang dan tengkurap. Ibu sebaiknya mulai belajar tidur menyamping.</span></div>
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<br /><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b><i>Tips : Tentang Makanan</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Selama kehamilan, hindari makanan
yang tinggi kadar garamnya, makanan dengan sodium tinggi, dan makanan dengan
kalori atai lemak tinggi. Contoh makanan ini adalah junk food, goreng-gorengan,
kue yang sangat manis. Makanan pedas sendiri tidak dilarang namun
berhati-hatilah karena dapat menyebabkan gangguan pada lambung dan usus. Makan
berlebihan dan makan sesaat sebelum tidur dapat menyebabkan <i>heart burn</i>.</span><br />
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<i><b>Tips : Tanda Kelahiran Prematur</b></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Kelahiran prematur banyak terjadi
akibat dehidrasi dan infeksi. Ibu sebaiknya mengenali tanda-tanda kelahiran prematur:</span></div>
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<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 284.35pt;" width="379">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Perdarahan merah
segar dari vagina</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
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<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 284.35pt;" width="379">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: DA;">Kontraksi atau keram di perut lebih dari 5x dalam 1 jam</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
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</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 284.35pt;" width="379">
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Muntah
terus-menerus</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
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<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Nyeri punggung
tumpul</span></div>
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<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Penekanan pada
panggul atau Ibu merasa janin menekan keras ke bawah</span></div>
</td>
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<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Nyeri
dan rasa panas ketika berkemih</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Pembengkakan dari
wajah atau tangan dan tanda preeklampsia</span></div>
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</tr>
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<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 284.35pt;" width="379">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;">Rembesan cairan ketuban dari vagina</span></div>
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<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Bercak vagina yang
terlihat abnormal baik dari warna, bau, maupun konsistensi</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #e69138;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">~ Minggu
: 25</span></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Rambut
Janin Mulai Tumbuh</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Umurku 23 minggu sekarang. Panjangku
28cm – 30cm dan beratku 700g. Paru-paruku sudah mulai matang saat ini. Seluruh
tubuhku sudah hampir sempurna! Tinggal 15 minggu lagi!</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdF2jr5apiAU7Lfm6cKHDWzyOqBr2yDN08k2xU8VCm0HwvTl7If9wsMQGqWegG1aMyhCdbAdwaRt8cdwKifaxVyTv41g4TJBpGu3-wbTTzyha4RUzH0uv3PfNNEbd2MLQwCYbOTHp5SyU/s1600/w25.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdF2jr5apiAU7Lfm6cKHDWzyOqBr2yDN08k2xU8VCm0HwvTl7If9wsMQGqWegG1aMyhCdbAdwaRt8cdwKifaxVyTv41g4TJBpGu3-wbTTzyha4RUzH0uv3PfNNEbd2MLQwCYbOTHp5SyU/s320/w25.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Minggu ini berat badan janin
mencapai 700 g dengan panjang dari kepala sampai tumit sekitar 28cm - 30cm.
Lemak janin akan semakin banyak dan akan menghaluskan sedikit demi sedikit
kulit yang tadinya keriput. Rambut janin mulai tumbuh dan kulit janin saat ini
berwarna kemerahan, bukan karena kepanasan namun karena pertumbuhan pembuluh
darah kecil atau kapiler di bawah kulit yang terisi dengan darah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Akhir minggu ini, pembuluh darah
paru juga akan berkembang yang merupakan salah satu penanda kematangan pada
paru. Sistim pernapasan lain yang juga sudah berkembang adalah lubang hidung
janin yang mulai terbuka, memberikan kesempatan janin untuk berlatih bernapas.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Semua ekstremitas (lengan dan kaki)
sudah terbentuk sempurna, lengkap dengan jari-jari dan sidik jari. Janin sudah
dapat mengepal dan menggenggam tali pusat. Ibu juga dapat melihat janin
menghisap jempolnya ketika diperiksa USG. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Ibu</span></b></i><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b><i><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> :</span></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Rahim Ibu saat ini berada di
pertengahan antara pusar dengan bagian bawah tulang dada. Bukan janin saja yang
tumbuh rambutnya, rambut Ibu pun terlihat semakin tebal dan semakin bercahaya.
Berterimakasihlah kepada perubahan kadar hormonal di kala kehamilan yang
meningkatakan keindahan rambut Ibu. Aktivitas Ibu saat ini tidak sebebas
sebelumnya, jangan beraktivitas terlalu lelah dan hentikan semua kegiatan
apabila Ibu merasa nyeri, pusing, atau sesak napas. Jangan berbaring telentang
dan hindari semua jenis olehraga yang dapat menyebabkan kehilangan keseimbangan
(sepeda, kasti). Selama berolahraga, pastikan minum air yang cukup dan lakukan
pemanasan serta pendinginan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Sesudah melakukan skrining gula
darah, pemeriksaan lain yang perlu dilakukan adalah pemeriksaan anemia. Bila
pemeriksaan darah Ibu di laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa Ibu mengalami anemia
defisiensi besi (yang banyak terdapat pada Ibu hamil) maka dokter kemungkinan
akan merekomendasikan konsumsi suplemen zat besi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Dalam pemeriksaan USG di trimester
kedua, dokter Ibu akan memperlihatkan posisi plasenta untuk mengantisipasi
kemungkinan terjadinya plasenta previa yang menimbulkan risiko perdarahan baik
bagi Ibu maupun janin.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
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</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Tips : Tes Kesehatan</span></b></i><br />
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Tergantung dari situasi dan kondisi
Ibu saat ini, dokter kebidanan dapat menyarankan agar Ibu melakukan beberapa
tes kesehatan yaitu:</span></div>
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pemeriksaan darah ini dilakukan pada trimester ketiga untuk mengetahui apakah
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">•</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Tes diabetes: apabila tes skrining glukosa
Ibu di minggu 24 – 28 berada dalam batas normal maka Ibu tidak perlu
melakukan tes diabetes ulang</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">•</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Skrining antibodi
Rh</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">•</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Tes untuk Infeksi
Menular Seksual. Tes ini dilakukan apabila Ibu memiliki faktor risiko tinggi
terhadap Infeksi Menular Seksual (IMS)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
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<b> </b> </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> Tips : Hindari Jatuh Kala kehamilan </span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Keseimbangan dan
mobilitas Ibu hamil akan berubah karena pertambahan berat badan di kala
kehamilan. Hati-hati selama musim hujan karena banyak genangan air dan jalan
yang licin. Banyak wanita hamil jatuh di tangga, selalu gunakan pegangan
tangga. Perlambat langkah Ibu, pakai sepatu dengan sol datar atau berhak
rendah, dan berhentilah apabila pusing atau keram. Waspada selalu untuk
mencegah jatuh</span></div>
</td><td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 288.85pt;" width="385"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10"><br /></td><td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 288.85pt;" width="385"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10"><br /></td><td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 288.85pt;" width="385"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10"><br /></td><td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 288.85pt;" width="385"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td><td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 288.85pt;" width="385"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10"><br /></td><td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 288.85pt;" width="385"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10"><br /></td><td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 288.85pt;" width="385"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10"><br /></td><td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 288.85pt;" width="385"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td><td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 387.85pt;" width="517"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10"><br /></td><td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 387.85pt;" width="517"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10"><br /></td><td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 387.85pt;" width="517"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10"><br /></td><td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 387.85pt;" width="517"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>Erwinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12982580847034408349noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7218369765904264317.post-54437834725910949092012-01-16T20:59:00.000+07:002012-01-16T20:59:45.982+07:00Kehamilan Trimester 1<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhT6_BgGny3N_5YSvFBB39tfOMtW-vAoR7UdAPJGAAlc0zkAjT0OY-xsk0twxPe8rtcgh405jTC7gvnxYoiNrcBwO7DAqqig7K-qQnYK8tgcEz9D25O9j9DHePrVNIZmi-Q92mwjaUtYgc/s1600/rokok.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><br /></a><br />
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<h3>
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #f79646; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent6;">~ Minggu : 1</span></i></h3>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jaga Kondisi Tubuh Ibu</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT_Uqm710kJepjCh-4ZgpMK-cGv1aWX99F3jMB7Cpay0S-TZ3ADd97dAUxmPTjtIsxj6oHdUvPbDTNYKS3F_DT8m_m6N0SB80pJS4jCbYmzKIwEtazN6dCXwNjdAGe3wBQm8KtXUmuvho/s1600/w01%25285%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT_Uqm710kJepjCh-4ZgpMK-cGv1aWX99F3jMB7Cpay0S-TZ3ADd97dAUxmPTjtIsxj6oHdUvPbDTNYKS3F_DT8m_m6N0SB80pJS4jCbYmzKIwEtazN6dCXwNjdAGe3wBQm8KtXUmuvho/s320/w01%25285%2529.jpg" width="320" /></a><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tubuh Ibu akan banyak berubah dalam 3
bulan pertama kehamilan. Janin berkembang di dalam rahim Ibu, perasaan mual,
nyeri punggung, lelah, perubahan mood, keram kaki, sering berkemih, dan konstipasi
dapat terjadi di awal kehamilan. Ibu tidak usah khawatir karena semua kejadian
ini normal dialami dalam kehamilan. Seiring dengan bertambahnya waktu, semakin
besarnya kehamilan, maka keluhan ini perlahan-lahan akan menghilang. Makanlah
asupan nutrisi yang bergizi karena trimester pertama adalah masa paling penting
di dalam pertumbuhan organ janin (organogenesis). Setiap kehamilan berbeda, dan
kehamilan Ibu akan memiliki keunikan tersendiri.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Umur janin dihitung berdasarkan hari
pertama menstruasi terakhir. Hal ini dilakukan karena sulit untuk menentukan
secara pasti kapan Ibu mengalami ovulasi (matang dan keluarnya sel telur dari
indung telur), dan kapan sel sperma membuahi sel telur tersebut. Jadi karena
perhitungan kehamilan dimulai pada minggu terakhir ketika Ibu menstruasi,
berarti umur dari janin yang dikandung Ibu adalah usia kehamilan dikurangi 2
minggu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Minggu pertama adalah minggu periode
menstruasi terakhir, meskipun pembuahan belum terjadi, Ibu sekarang sudah mulai
menghitung hari. Minggu ini rahim Ibu akan meluruh dan periode menstruasi
sedang terjadi. Perlahan-lahan hormon FSH (<i>Follicle Stimulating Hormone</i>)
mulai diproduksi untuk membantu pematangan sel telur. Pembuahan (pertemuan sel
sperma dan sel telur) baru terjadi 12-14 hari lagi dimana setelah terjadi
pembuahan maka pada saat itu embrio baru tumbuh.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Saat ini merupakan momentum paling
tepat untuk menghentikan segala kegiatan yang kurang baik apabila Ibu ingin
hamil. Hindari merokok, obat-obatan terlarang, dan alkohol. Tiga hal yang
disebutkan di atas dapat mempengaruhi perkembangan embrio dan menyebabkan
kecacatan. Sebaiknya hindari juga konsumsi obat-obatan termasuk yang dijual
bebas. Namun untuk obat rutin yang diminum (obat untuk tekanan darah tinggi,
obat diabetes) sebaiknya dikonsultasikan terlebih dahulu kepada dokter sebelum
menghentikannya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhD-a8K5h02VK6cIn2HLpaTDE9VIW-KO2TpyEo41135GS0cxEhofBjmPER0bEoU_xS_HuySCx-gyjJv4bwDGJDBuNluQjqg2UhO_DEyDcQnrcuv8VLSYIITh4x3gaCmZlJeKHKECPrxGCA/s1600/mgg1_2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhD-a8K5h02VK6cIn2HLpaTDE9VIW-KO2TpyEo41135GS0cxEhofBjmPER0bEoU_xS_HuySCx-gyjJv4bwDGJDBuNluQjqg2UhO_DEyDcQnrcuv8VLSYIITh4x3gaCmZlJeKHKECPrxGCA/s320/mgg1_2.jpg" width="320" /></a><span> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Menurut <em><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Center for Disease Control</span></em> (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">CDC</i></b>), wanita yang
berencana untuk hamil dianjurkan mengkonsumsi vitamin B dalam jumlah cukup dan
asam folat sebanyak 400 mikrogram/hari agar dapat mengurangi risiko gangguan
perkembangan otak embrio. Sumber asam folat dapat berasal dari Hati,
telur, brokoli, kacang, jeruk, padi-padian, buncis. Konsultasikan terlebih
dahulu kepada dokter kandungan apabila Ibu akan mengkonsumsi suplemen asam
folat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #45818e;">
<strong><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Tips : Posisi Berhubun</span></strong><strong><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">gan Seksual</span></strong></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Posisi misionaris (pria di atas) merupakan posisi yang
direkomendasikan apabila pasangan ingin memiliki anak. Dalam posisi tersebut,
penetrasi (masuknya penis ke dalam vagina) dapat terjadi lebih dalam sehingga
semen yang mengandung sel sperma dapat lebih dekat ke serviks (leher rahim)
maupun uterus (rahim). Posisikanlah pinggul Ibu lebih tinggi setelah selesai
berhubungan seksual agar memudahkan sel sperma berenang ke arah yang tepat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h3>
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #f79646; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent6;">~ Minggu : 2</span></i></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #45818e;">
<b><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;">Bersiap-siap Ovulasi</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Keajaiban awal mula kehidupan diawali dengan bertemunya sel sperma
dan sel telur di saluran tuba. Hanya 1 sperma yang mampu memasuki sel telur dan
membuahinya.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnnmXljhJkfU_0EFPfqvxEv0H3mqlzIiX2AAu3mVL2PDQxNZEztJtcjLglcXqiXd9MdnlIkebF3KMMjNAqi9qZGaese8suZB9sKk-wf3_2GjsAE6Gci8RiEGyNSmt3CAhIoK7PEREohOs/s1600/w02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnnmXljhJkfU_0EFPfqvxEv0H3mqlzIiX2AAu3mVL2PDQxNZEztJtcjLglcXqiXd9MdnlIkebF3KMMjNAqi9qZGaese8suZB9sKk-wf3_2GjsAE6Gci8RiEGyNSmt3CAhIoK7PEREohOs/s320/w02.jpg" width="320" /></a><b><span> </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: #CCFFFF; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></b><b><span style="background: #CCFFFF; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Apabila siklus
menstruasi Ibu adalah 28 hari, maka Ibu akan berada di masa subur pada akhir
minggu ini. Hal ini dikarenakan ovulasi (keluarnya sel telur dari indung telur)
terjadi pada pertengahan siklus menstruasi (12-14 hari). Jadi mingu ini adalah
saat paling tepat untuk terjadinya pembuahan. Minggu ke-2 adalah
berakhirnya masa haid dan masuk ke masa proliferasi (lapisan endometrium rahim
mengadakan proliferasi atau pertumbuhan rahim untuk mempersiapkan kehamilan).
Hormon estrogen mulai meningkat dan menyebabkan lapisan endometrium tumbuh atau
berproliferasi. Hormon FSH yang dihasilkan oleh tubuh akan berfungsi untuk
membantu mengembangkan 1 atau beberapa folikel menjadi sel telur yang matang.
Sel telur matang akan berjalan dari indung telur ke saluran tuba dan menunggu
untuk dibuahi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Akhir minggu ini,
adalah waktu Ibu berovulasi. Apabila ibu berhubungan seksual tanpa pelindung,
maka setelah pasangan Ibu ejakulasi, 200 - 300 juta sperma berenang di dalam
vagina, jutaan sperma yang mampu mencapai rongga rahim dan tuba, hanya sekitar
300 – 500 sel sperma yang mampu mencapai ampula tuba (dimana sel telur menanti
dibuahi), dan hanya 1 sel sperma yang mampu memenangkan persaingan dari jutaan
sel sperma lainnya pada akhir perjalanan. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kesehatan Ibu
yang baik merupakan salah satu faktor yang penting dalam kehamilan. Nutrisi
adekuat, olahraga, dan istirahat yang cukup akan mempengaruhi kesehatan Ibu.
Jika berat badan Ibu berada di dalam batas normal sebelum kehamilan, Ibu
memerlukan asupan kalori sebesar 2200 kalori setiap harinya pada 13 minggu
pertama (trimester pertama). Selama trimester kedua dan ketiga, Ibu memerlukan
tambahan 300 kalori perhari. Kalori tambahan dapat memberikan energi yang
dibutuhkan tubuh untuk Ibu maupun janin.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #45818e; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;">Tips:
Hindari Kafein</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfYlx85MNwV-EwNubEskp9P32GAQZy8rScYEUi5wXZGn1L6Oj4juHBX7IJFxVtnU1LtWLn4oBCmLhvw2AKh6KKhGaKQtLWzziwIVnuBa5d8cbM2Cj-QEkO69h2FxzZGAwT4I2gm7T2QJQ/s1600/kopi.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfYlx85MNwV-EwNubEskp9P32GAQZy8rScYEUi5wXZGn1L6Oj4juHBX7IJFxVtnU1LtWLn4oBCmLhvw2AKh6KKhGaKQtLWzziwIVnuBa5d8cbM2Cj-QEkO69h2FxzZGAwT4I2gm7T2QJQ/s200/kopi.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kafein sebaiknya
dihindari pada wanita hamil. Kafein sendiri dapat masuk ke saluran pencernaan
janin yang masih belum sempurna. Beberapa penelitian membuktikan bahwa konsumsi
kafein berlebih pada wanita hamil dapat menyebabkan kecacatan janin, persalinan
prematur,dan meningkatkan risiko untuk bayi lahir dengan berat badan rendah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h3>
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #f79646; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent6;">~ Minggu : 3</span></i></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="background-color: #45818e;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;">Tanda
Awal Kehamilan</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ibu masih belum
tahu aku ada, aku masih terlalu kecil untuk dilihat tanpa mikroskop. Umurku 1
minggu saat ini. Masih 37 minggu lagi!</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0HfyAX3h9XCLIzFLraLtzY2ej3W4MV6vNfeQhde_-roE9wP5jE0K7uPohawgvRAjbwyye8lVevJdEqc9TNK3Hl13zXbizVzzPLQI5yytb6ICA_PjQV-v4x8JZNnN8VmTxef7gJ4QLr-Q/s1600/w03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0HfyAX3h9XCLIzFLraLtzY2ej3W4MV6vNfeQhde_-roE9wP5jE0K7uPohawgvRAjbwyye8lVevJdEqc9TNK3Hl13zXbizVzzPLQI5yytb6ICA_PjQV-v4x8JZNnN8VmTxef7gJ4QLr-Q/s320/w03.jpg" width="320" /></a><span> </span></div>
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</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Setelah
ejakulasi, sel sperma yang mencapai saluran kelamin wanita harus melalui masa
penyesuaian terlebih dahulu selama 7 jam yang berlangsung di dalam vagina
Membutuhkan waktu sekitar 10 jam bagi sperma untuk mencapai saluran tuba namun
hanya butuh 20 menit untuk sel sperma membuahi sel telur. Pembuahan berlangsung
selama 12 - 24 jam, dimulai ketika sel sperma memasuki sel telur dan berakhir
dengan terbentuknya zigot (sel yang berkembang).</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hasil utama dari
pembuahan adalah kombinasi kromosom (materi genetik) dari kedua orangtua,
penentuan jenis kelamin, dan dimulainya pembelahan. Pronukleus sel sperma akan
bergabung dengan pronukleus sel telur untuk mengkombinasikan materi genetik.
Apabila sperma membawa kromosom Y, maka bayi Ibu laki-laki, sedangkan apabila
sperma membawa kromosom X, maka bayi Ibu perempuan. Dalam beberapa jam setelah
sel telur dibuahi, dimulailah pembelahan zigot.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sel akan membelah
menjadi 2 sel, dan terus membelah, membelah, dan membelah lagi setiap 12
jam. Dalam waktu 30 jam sel akan membelah menjadi 2, dalam waktu 3 hari
sel akan membelah menjadi 16 (morula). Dalam stadium morula, sel akan diarahkan
perlahan-lahan berjalan dari saluran tuba menuju rahim. Di dalam rongga rahim
sel akan berkembang menjadi ratusan sel dan dikelilingi oleh rongga berisi
cairan yang disebut dengan blastokista. Blastokista akan mencari tempat untuk
nidasi atau implantasi (melekat) ke dinding rahim (terkadang terjadi perdarahan
di saat nidasi-salah satu tanda kehamilan). Dalam waktu 9 hari blastokista akan
berimplantasi pada dinding depan atau dinding belakang rahim, dekat pada fundus
rahim (bagian paling atas dari rahim).</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Tubuh Ibu akan mengeluarkan protein
imunosupresan yang mencegah tubuh bereaksi karena melihat janin sebagai benda
asing. Jika implantasi atau perlekatan ini terjadi barulah dapat disebut
kehamilan. Selamat Ibu! Saat ini Ibu sedang hamil 3 minggu! (meskipun janin Ibu
baru berusia 1 minggu).</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-Zo1vDoTe2wqv26GXZVxneahPjDenZOoe_gg4PkFirNJhZg6yhb26hlXlIF_DfIZO7xFQEh6gUK1mcrxxSTz3HrY0j_4DRZAgDZ_lMaiN4M9cBYTFacmnqkS7HtuFndeuUnSGstdGxYw/s1600/ovum.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-Zo1vDoTe2wqv26GXZVxneahPjDenZOoe_gg4PkFirNJhZg6yhb26hlXlIF_DfIZO7xFQEh6gUK1mcrxxSTz3HrY0j_4DRZAgDZ_lMaiN4M9cBYTFacmnqkS7HtuFndeuUnSGstdGxYw/s320/ovum.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="background-color: #45818e;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;">Ibu:</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Minggu ini Ibu
akan sering merasa lelah dan payudara mulai terasa tegang dan sakit. Kedua hal
tersebut merupakan pertanda awal kehamilan. Ibu juga dapat mengalami
ketidakseimbangan <i>mood</i> atau disebut <i>‘bad mood’</i> yang dikarenakan
perubahan hormonal pada Ibu hamil. Selain itu, mual atau <i>morning sickness</i>
juga dapat terjadi. Konsumsi nutrisi yang adekuat sangat dibutuhkan pada fase
ini, seperti asam folat, protein, kalsium, dan besi, sangat penting bagi
pertumbuhan embrio. Protein digunakan untuk membuat jaringan baru, kalsium
(1200 mg/hari) berguna untuk pertumbuhan tulang dan gigi, dan zat besi (30 mg/hari)
merupakan mineral dasar untuk meningkatkan volume darah embrio. Kalsium dapat
bersumber dari produk susu, sedangkan zat besi banyak terdapat di daging merah,
telur, dan sayuran hijau.</span></div>
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<b style="background-color: #45818e;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;">Tips
: Tanda Positif Kehamilan</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanda pertama
yang menandakan kehamilan adalah telatnya periode menstruasi Ibu. Selain itu
Ibu juga dapat merasakan gejala lainnya seperti sering berkemih, pembesaran dan
nyeri pada payudara, mual, perasaan lelah, daerah areola (sekitar puting)
menjadi semakin hitam, peningkatan temperatur tubuh, dan flek perdarahan tanda
implantasi (perlekatan embrio ke rahim). Tes kehamilan yang positif membantu
mendiagnosis kehamilan.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<h3>
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #f79646; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent6;">~ Minggu : 4</span></i><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></h3>
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<b><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;">Awal Pembentukan
Organ</span></b></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Umurku
2 minggu saat ini. Aku sudah melekat ke rahim ibuku sambil bekerja keras
membuat tubuhku. Masih 36 minggu lagi!</span></strong></div>
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<br /></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwE0_yKBWFHUIefUGCAoMTKjqH4VxB0WFwGZ-l1hFWNCtU8MlloNg4WubgX3Q5Nc8rwLtzYtN8mDjE6Ywezk6Q-21LnA0uUy6hEbB4ohTeEo_xyZjLfjLOl4pT4n4qYQnza_OiD5ae5gs/s1600/w04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwE0_yKBWFHUIefUGCAoMTKjqH4VxB0WFwGZ-l1hFWNCtU8MlloNg4WubgX3Q5Nc8rwLtzYtN8mDjE6Ywezk6Q-21LnA0uUy6hEbB4ohTeEo_xyZjLfjLOl4pT4n4qYQnza_OiD5ae5gs/s320/w04.jpg" width="320" /></a><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Saat ini embrio
berusia 2 minggu. Pada perkembangan minggu ke-4, blastokista sebagian
terbenam di dalam stroma endometrium (rahim). Setelah blastokista aman melekat
di dalam rahim, salah satu bagiannya akan membentuk embrio dan bagian lain akan
membentuk kantung kuning telur (<i>yolk sac)</i> yang akan berfungsi untuk
melindungi dan memberikan suplai makanan bagi embrio sampai plasenta terbentuk.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Saat ini plasenta
baru dibentuk namun baru akan sempurna sekitar 8 minggu lagi. Akhir minggu
ke-4, sinsiotropoblas akan bertanggungjawab atas produksi <i>Human Chorionic
Gonadotropin</i> (HCG) yang akan terus meningkat sampai hari ke-60 kehamilan.
Menjelang akhir minggu ini, telah diproduksi cukup banyak hormon hCG yang dapat
menjadi dasar untuk pengujian kehamilan. Hormon ini dapat ditemukan di air
kencing wanita hamil dan menjadi kekhasan untuk menentukan wanita hamil atau
tidak.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Setelah
perlekatan terjadi, hormon hCG akan mulai dilepaskan. hCG akan merangsang
korpus luteum (kantung tempat keluar sel telur) untuk memproduksi hormon
progesteron yang berguna untuk menjaga lapisan rahim sebagai sarana perlekatan
embrio sampai plasenta mengambil alih-6 minggu dari sekarang.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Embrio akan
bekerja keras minggu ini, membuat plasenta, tangkai penghubung (yang akan
berkembang menjadi tali pusat), dan dasar dari tubuhnya. Kantung amnion yang
berisi cairan amnion atau cairan ketuban yang mengelilingi embrio berguna untuk
melindungi embrio. Sedangkan <i>yolk sac</i> akan memproduksi darah dan
membantu memberikan nutrisi untuk embrio sampai plasenta mengambil alih.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="background-color: #45818e;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;">Ibu:</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sama seperti
minggu sebelumnya, Ibu akan merasakan tanda-tanda kehamilan. Serviks (leher
rahim) akan melunak dan berubah warna. Ibu dapat memeriksakan kehamilannya
minggu ini dengan melakukan tes kehamilan menggunakan stik. Jangan kecewa
apabila hasilnya negatif, tidak semua alat tes kehamilan memiliki sensitifitas
yang sama. Apabila hasilnya masih negatif maka Ibu dapat mencoba lagi 1 minggu
ke depan. Semakin lama menunggu untuk melakukan tes kehamilan, maka akan
semakin besar kemungkinannya untuk positif.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sekarang adalah
saat yang tepat untuk mengkonsumsi asam folat 400 mikrogram/hari. Asam folat
sangat penting untuk dikonsumsi di awal kehamilan karena mengurangi risiko kelainan
saraf tulang punggung pada janin. Sumber dari asam folat dapat ditemukan di
hati, gandum, sayuran, buah, dan ragi. Jangan biarkan diri Ibu lepas kendali
hanya karena Ibu hamil, Ibu mungkin makan untuk berdua tetapi Ibu tidak harus
makan dua kali lebih banyak. Makan berlebihan tidak akan menambah kesehatan
janin namun hanya akan menambah berat badan Ibu, dan hal tersebut tidak baik.
Apabila Ibu lapar, sebaiknya Ibu mengkonsumsi makanan sehat seperti snack
ringan, jus segar, roti gandum, susu atau produk susu, dan sumber protein
seperti daging dan unggas. Sereal, buah, dan sayuran sebaiknya dikonsumsi
secara seimbang. Hindari kalori kosong (banyak gula dan lemak).</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Saat ini adalah
saat yang emosional bagi seorang Ibu yang sedang hamil. Perubahan mood dan
keluhan mual sangat mengganggu. Disinilah peran ayah atau pasangan untuk selalu
mendampingi sang istri. Perhatikan istri anda, dampingi selalu, tanyakan
keluhannya, dan cobalah mengerti kondisinya. Calon orangtua dapat membaca buku
kehamilan bersama-sama untuk mengetahui mengenai apa yang terjadi di kehamilan
setiap minggunya.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;">Tips: Jaga Kesehatan Janin
Anda</span></b></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hindari aspirin,
merokok, dan minum alkohol ketika sedang hamil. Aspirin dapat menyebabkan
perdarahan dan perubahan di dalam fungsi pembekuan darah. Merokok mengganggu
penyerapan dari vitamin B dan C serta asam folat, menyebabkan bayi lahir
dengan berat badan rendah, peningkatan risiko keguguran, dan kematian bayi
segera setelah melahirkan. Perokok pasif juga memiliki efek yang sama dengan
yang aktif. Saat sedang hamil, mintalah agar orang sekitar untuk tidak merokok
di dekat Anda. Minum-minuman keras dapat menyebabkan <i>Fetal Alcohol Syndrome</i>.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<h3>
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #f79646; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent6;">~ Minggu : 5</span></i></h3>
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<b style="background-color: #45818e;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;">Permulaan Masa
Embriogenik </span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Umurku 3 minggu
sekarang. Aku terdiri dari 3 lapisan yang akan membentuk tubuhku. Masih 35
minggu lagi!</span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_Z-EHXRilAOdr4M1JMu6WZ2MdgQmn9Ue17OiwyNitqf5CVfOxVd-oZeO25Bg79KObReHU_Q_kNW07AVTxvNhgsr92ccbHWIQkZr2UenCpdz6bs9sJaB1a7_3JAdMno2ym4Ig73i833do/s1600/w05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_Z-EHXRilAOdr4M1JMu6WZ2MdgQmn9Ue17OiwyNitqf5CVfOxVd-oZeO25Bg79KObReHU_Q_kNW07AVTxvNhgsr92ccbHWIQkZr2UenCpdz6bs9sJaB1a7_3JAdMno2ym4Ig73i833do/s320/w05.jpg" width="320" /></a><b><span> </span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Minggu ke-5
adalah permulaan periode embrionik (dari minggu 5 – 10 kehamilan), suatu
periode yang sangat penting di dalam perkembangan organ janin. Embrio Ibu saat
ini berusia 3 minggu. Peristiwa yang paling khas dalam minggu kelima adalah
gastrulasi, yaitu proses yang membentuk ketiga lapisan germinal pada embrio.
Tiga lapisan yang berkembang yaitu endoderm, mesoderm, dan, ektoderm,
masing-masing akan membentuk organ. Lapisan <i>endoderm</i> atau lapisan
terdalam akan membentuk saluran pencernaan, usus, hati, dan paru. Lapisan
tengah atau <i>mesoderm</i> akan membentuk jantung, alat kelamin, otot, tulang,
dan ginjal. Lapisan terluar, yaitu <i>ektoderm</i> akan membentuk rambut,
kulit, mata, dan sistim saraf.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada akhir minggu
ke-5 embrio akan membentuk dasar kerangka sumbu badan, otak, serta jantung
primitif. Embrio akan berukuran 0,36 mm – 1 mm dan memiliki berat kurang dari 1
gram. Minggu ini adalah suatu tahapan yang sangat peka terhadap
gangguan-gangguan teratogenik (kecacatan janin).</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada akhir
minggu, embrio yang sebelumnya hanya berbentuk kumpulan sel, saat ini berbentuk
tabung dengan bagian atas dan bagian bawah yang melebar. Terbentuk alur saraf
yang memanjang dari atas ke bawah. Lipatan saraf kranial sudah membagi diri
menjadi bagian-bagian dari otak. Pembuatan jantung primitif akan dimulai pada
tengah minggu ke-5, jantung akan terbagi menjadi 4 ruang. Dengan menggunakan
USG atau echocardiografi fetal, pergerakan jantung embrio dapat terlihat.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="background-color: #45818e;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;">Ibu
:</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada minggu ini
Ibu tidak akan mendapatkan menstruasi, salah satu pertanda untuk kehamilan.
Apabila Ibu melakukan tes kehamilan, maka akan sangat besar kemungkinannya
untuk positif. Tes ini mendeteksi adanya hCG, hormon yang meningkat pada saat
kehamilan. Produksi hormon yang masih meningkat dapat menimbulkan keluhan
seperti minggu-minggu sebelumnya.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hindari polutan
seperti merkuri (ikan yang terkontaminasi), pestisida (DDT, heptaklor,
klordane), timbal (bensin, pengawet kayu, bahan bangunan cat), dan polychlorinated
biphenyl atau PCB (campuran senyawa kimia, terdapat di ikan yang
terkontaminasi). Hentikan konsumsi obat isotretinoin. Isotretinoin adalah
turunan dari vitamin A yang banyak dipakai untuk mengobati jerawat. Konsumsi
isotretinoin dapat menyebabkan kecacatan seperti sumbing palatum, gangguan
jantung, dll. Obat ini juga dapat menyebabkan keguguran. Jaga tubuh Ibu dari
bahan-bahan yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan perkembangan pada janin.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ibu hamil
membutuhkan 300 kalori ekstra setiap harinya. Pastikan Ibu memakan makanan yang
bergizi untuk perkembangan embrio. Beberapa makanan yang mengandung parasit
seperti listeriosis dan toksoplasma dengan efek dapat mengakibatkan kecacatan
pada embrio sebaiknya dihindari. Beberapa jenis makanan yang sebaiknya tidak
Ibu konsumsi adalah:</span></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 400px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 15.0pt;" valign="top" width="20">
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<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hati dan produk hati. Mengandung
vitamin A dosis tinggi yang bersifat teratogenik (menyebabkan cacat pada
janin)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Makanan mentah
atau setengah matang karena risiko toksoplasma (seafood, daging)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ikan yang mengandung metilmerkuri
dalam kadar tinggi seperti hiu, marlin, yang dapat mengganggu sistim saraf
janin</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kafein yang terkandung dalam kopi,
teh, coklat, kola dibatasi 200 mg per hari. Efek yang dapat terjadi
diantaranya adalah insomnia (sulit tidur), refluks, dan frekuensi berkemih
yang meningkat</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Vitamin A dalam dosis > 20.000 –
50.000 IU/hari dapat menyebabkan kelainan bawaan</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Susu atau produk susu yang tidak
dipasteurisasi</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Telur mentah atau makanan yang
mengandung telur mentah</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Keju lunak seperti brie, camembert,
feta, roquefort</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Toksoplasmosis
juga dapat melekat pada kotoran kucing. Sebaiknya Ibu meminta orang lain untuk
membersihkan kotoran kucing selama Ibu sedang hamil. Pastikan Ibu memasak
matang semua makanan, mencuci sayur dan buah sampai bersih, menghindari kotoran
kucing, dan memakai sarung tangan apabila akan bekerja dengan tanah.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="background-color: #45818e;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;">Tips
: Mengurangi Mual dan Muntah di Kehamilan</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 400px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bila muntah adalah masalah di pagi
hari, makan makanan kering seperti sereal, roti, atau biskuit sebelum
bangun dari tempat tidur, atau coba makan makanan ringan tinggi protein
seperti keju sebelum pergi tidur (protein membutuhkan waktu lama untuk
dicerna)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Makan makanan
ringan setiap 2-3 jam lebih baik dari 3 kali makan besar. Makan secara
perlahan dan kunyah makanan secara sempurna</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tetap duduk tegak selama 10-20
menit setelah makan untuk menghindari refluks lambung dan <i>heartburn</i></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Makan makanan yang mengandung banyak
cairan. Hindari jumlah besar konsumsi cairan dalam satu waktu. Coba minuman
yang dingin, jus buah seperti apel atau anggur</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hindari makanan pedas, gorengan,
atau berminyak. Hindari kopi karena dapat merangsang asam lambung</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hindari bau yang menyengat dan
menyebabkan mual</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jahe cukup efektif untuk mengurangi
mual. Cobalah untuk memakan permen jahe, minum air jahe, atau jahe dalam
bentuk kapsul</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hubungi dokter untuk konsumsi
vitamin B6 atau terapi obat lainnya</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hubungi dokter bila muntah terjadi
terus-menerus sehingga makanan atau minuman tidak dapat masuk. Hal ini dapat
menyebabkan dehidrasi (kekurangan cairan) dan harus diterapi sesegera mungkin</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h3>
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #f79646; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent6;">~ Minggu : 6</span></i></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="background-color: #45818e;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;">Kunjungan Prenatal
Pertama</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aku memiliki
panjang sekitar 1,25 mm - 3 mm. Otak, jantung dan pembuluh darah, sistim saraf,
dan organ lain mulai berkembang. Aku berusia 4 minggu dan masih harus menunggu
34 minggu lagi!</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq26TpGUkVSlPAd3Z4peyIk-eo8g975WA7-_mGkRzGb6vLYOIOna7Zp3qtrDKAoUppk2IaZ3UyvjePHfVM689FEdmwIl59qrWxjXX3Sz3xhqdTiAJwMlJLsYOthnm6vkM9yygN0lDEPwM/s1600/w06.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq26TpGUkVSlPAd3Z4peyIk-eo8g975WA7-_mGkRzGb6vLYOIOna7Zp3qtrDKAoUppk2IaZ3UyvjePHfVM689FEdmwIl59qrWxjXX3Sz3xhqdTiAJwMlJLsYOthnm6vkM9yygN0lDEPwM/s320/w06.jpg" width="320" /></a><span> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Minggu ini embrio
akan memiliki bentuk seperti kecebong, dengan kepala yang lebih besar dari
organ lain dan memiliki buntut. Tabung saraf yang akan membentuk saraf tulang
belakang dan otak memanjang dari atas sampai bawah embrio. Penonjolan pada
pusat embrio (tengah) akan membentuk jantung. Pembentukan otak, jantung dan
pembuluh darah, sistim saraf, dan organ lain mulai berkembang. Lidah mulai terbentuk
pada embrio berusia 4 minggu dalam bentuk 2 tonjolan lidah lateral dan 1
tonjolan lidah medial. Saluran usus primitif dan pembentukan tunas hati akan
terbentuk pada embrio berukuran 3 mm ini. Kantung amnion dan plasenta juga
sedang dibentuk.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Embrio Ibu
memiliki panjang sekitar 1,25 mm - 3 mm. Minggu ini adalah minggu perkembangan
besar-besaran dari organ tubuh embrio. Sudah terbentuk lempeng telinga, lempeng
mata, lengkung faring, dan rigi lengan. Tonjol-tonjol wajah berupa tonjol
maksila (rahang atas) dan tonjol mandibula (rahang bawah) sudah terbentuk.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sel mesoderm akan
berkembang menjadi sel-sel darah dan kemudian membentuk pembuluh-pembuluh darah
kecil. Dengan berlanjutnya pembentukan tunas pembuluh darah, pembuluh darah
ekstraembrional akan membentuk hubungan dengan pembuluh darah di dalam embrio
sehingga menghubungkan embrio dan plasenta (ari-ari).Selaput perikardium
(meliputi jantung) mulai terbentuk. Tunas paru mulai tampak sebagai suatu
tonjolan di dekat dinding depan usus. Bagian-bagian dari ginjal yaitu tubulus
nefron dan glomerulusnya berkembang pesat minggu ini.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="background-color: #45818e;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;">Ibu:</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ibu mungkin akan
mulai merasa <i>moody</i> (sedih di satu waktu dan bahagia di waktu
berikutnya), hal tersebut wajar terjadi dan disebabkan oleh hormonal yang
berfluktuasi. Perdarahan berupa bercak merupakan hal normal yang terjadi di
awal kehamilan, namun berhati-hatilah karena bercak atau flek perdarahan
tersebut dapat berupa tanda awal dari keguguran atau kehamilan ektopik
(kehamilan di luar rahim). Hubungi dokter kebidanan Ibu apabila bercak
perdarahan tersebut berlanjut.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Apabila Ibu mulai
sering merasa kelelahan, maka latihan fisik sedang atau olahraga disarankan
untuk meningkatkan energi. Cobalah untuk berjalan atau mengikuti kelas yoga.
Sering berkemih atau sering bolak-balik ke kamar mandi merupakan tanda umum
kehamilan. Hal ini terjadi karena hormon β-hCG akan meningkatkan aliran darah
ke daerah panggul-bagus untuk peningkatan kepuasan seksual selama kehamilan.
Selama kehamilan, efisiensi dari ginjal semakin membaik sehingga membantu tubuh
Ibu untuk menyingkirkan produk sisa metabolisme lebih cepat. Selain itu, rahim
yang membesar akan mulai menekan kandung kemih, menyisakan tempat yang lebih
kecil untuk menampung air seni dan mengakibatkan peningkatan frekuensi
berkemih.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada minggu ke-6
calon pasangan orangtua dapat berkonsultasi dan memulai kunjungan prenatal
pertama ke dokter. Mungkin akan terdapat banyak pertanyaan mengenai
perkembangan janin, terutama bila ini adalah kehamilan pertama. Pada sebagian
besar Ibu hamil, Ibu akan diminta untuk kembali setiap 4 minggu selama 7 bulan
pertama, kemudian setiap 2 minggu pada bulan ke-8, lalu setiap minggu pada
bulan ke-9. Apabila terdapat masalah, kemungkinan Ibu akan dijadwalkan lebih
sering lagi berkunjung. Pemeriksaan USG dapat dilakukan minggu ini untuk
mendeteksi gerakan janin dan anggota tubuh janin. Kelainan seperti <i>blighted
ovum</i> atau <i>mola hidatidosa</i> dapat diketahui dengan pemeriksaan USG.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="background-color: #45818e;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;">Tips:
Hubungi Petugas Kesehatan Anda</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Terkadang
didapatkan beberapa tanda-tanda yang mengancam nyawa janin dan berbahaya bagi
Ibu, tanda-tanda tersebut diantaranya adalah:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 400px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perdarahan atau
bercak dari vagina</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nyeri
perut tiba-tiba dan berkelanjutan</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rembesan cairan
dari vagina</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Muntah terus
menerus (Hiperemesis Gravidarum)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nyeri berkemih</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sakit kepala hebat dan terus menerus</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Gangguan
penglihatan pada mata</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pembengkakan
pada tangan dan kaki</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #f79646; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent6;">~
Minggu : 7</span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
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<b style="background-color: #45818e;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;">Perubahan
Tubuh Ibu Hamil</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Saya berusia 5
minggu dan berukuran 2-5 mm. Jantungku sudah dialiri darah dan kaki-tanganku
mulai memanjang. Tinggal 33 minggu lagi!</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0cJEs0HewpNI6uxvHkZLVIIYwsh1mTw6iC14-aP76tlgtg8JFWkPIhupTXYsXJwyFgwW7OoFvFJl4N0afKr8MhgfL4TDC-n7FAFgYw2a-jTr2l-d7mM0ArxOnKGrDYsMeIqWO2GCXo6E/s1600/w07.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0cJEs0HewpNI6uxvHkZLVIIYwsh1mTw6iC14-aP76tlgtg8JFWkPIhupTXYsXJwyFgwW7OoFvFJl4N0afKr8MhgfL4TDC-n7FAFgYw2a-jTr2l-d7mM0ArxOnKGrDYsMeIqWO2GCXo6E/s320/w07.jpg" width="320" /></a><span> </span></div>
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</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada minggu ke-7,
bentuk luar dari embrio berkembang dengan pesat. Mata yang berukuran sebesar
titik saat ini akan membentuk lensa mata. Lempeng telinga juga akan membentuk
gelembung telinga yang berkembang membentuk bangunan-bangunan yang berfungsi
untuk pendengaran dan keseimbangan. Pembentukan lapisan untuk kavum timpani
serta tuba eustachius (bagian dari telinga) sudah mulai berkembang. Minggu ini
tangkai kantung kuning telur dan tangkai penghubung bersatu membentuk tali
pusat.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rongga jantung
yang hampir sempurna sudah mulai dialiri oleh darah. Sekat jantung mulai
dibentuk mulai minggu ke-6 sampai minggu ke-8. Apabila terjadi gangguan pada
pembentukan sekat jantung saat ini, maka bayi dapat lahir dengan kelainan
jantung bawaan.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Permulaan dari
sistim pencernaan dan sistim pernapasan mulai terbentuk. Tunas paru akan
membentuk trakea dan tunas bronkialis. Tunas bronkialis akan membentuk saluran
bronkus di kanan dan kiri. Otak, otot, dan tulang juga sudah memiliki bentuk
awal. Plakoda hidung membentuk lubang hidung dan membentuk tonjol hidung. Tunas
untuk anggota badan depan dan belakang (tangan dan kaki) sudah mulai berbentuk
dayung dan semakin memanjang. Panjang embrio dari puncak kepala sampai bokong
berukuran 2-5 mm, pengukuran ini lebih sering dipakai daripada pengukuran dari
kepala ke tumit karena kaki embrio seringkali terlipat yang mengakibatkan
sulitnya pengukuran.</span></div>
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<b style="background-color: #45818e;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;">Ibu:</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Apabila Ibu mulai
merasa mual atau mengalami <i>morning sickness,</i> disarankan Ibu mengurangi
makan makanan berlemak, banyak minum cairan, frekuensi makan ditingkatkan namun
dalam porsi yang lebih kecil (6x/hari), istirahat teratur, dan jangan lupa
untuk mengkonsumsi vitamin prenatal. Bila gejala mual dan muntah Ibu semakin
meningkat, kehilangan berat badan, atau dehidrasi (kekurangan cairan), maka
kemungkinan Ibu mengalami hiperemesis gravidarum. Segera berkonsultasi dengan
dokter kebidanan Ibu.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kehamilan akan
menyebabkan perubahan pada serviks (leher rahim). Mukus atau lendir yang
terbentuk di pintu masuk dari kanalis servikal mulai terbentuk dan berfungsi
untuk melindungi rahim. Payudara Ibu akan membesar dan terasa tidak nyaman, hal
ini terjadi karena peningkatan dari hormon estrogen dan progesteron. Puting
akan terasa lebih sensitif dan lebih nyeri dari biasanya. Areola-daerah gelap
di sekitar puting- akan menjadi semakin gelap, semakin besar dan akan terus
membesar dalam beberapa bulan ke depan. Selain itu Ibu juga dapat melihat
adanya bintil-bintil (seperti saat kita merinding) di sekitar areola. Bintil
ini dinamakan tuberkel Montgomery, yaitu kelenjar keringat yang berfungsi
sebagai pelumas bagi areola.</span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Produk susu
sangat penting di masa kehamilan karena banyak mengandung kalsium yang berguna
untuk pertumbuhan gigi dan tulang embrio. Mulailah mengkonsumsi susu atau
prosuk susu. Bila Ibu ingin tetap menjaga kalori yang masuk, maka susu rendah
lemak menjadi pilihan, kandungan kalsium tidak akan terpengaruh pada produk
susu rendah lemak. Vitamin prenatal juga sebaiknya dikonsumsi oleh Ibu hamil.
Vitamin prenatal mengandung kalsium, tembaga, asam folat, yodium, zinc, dan
vitamin A, B, C, D, E. Vitamin ini akan lebih baik dikonsumsi ketika
sedang makan atau di malam hari.</span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Selama kehamilan,
tidak ada larangan untuk berhubungan seksual dengan pasangan selama tidak
ditemukan masalah dengan kehamilan. Namun bila istri sedang tidak tertarik
untuk berhubungan intim, jangan jadikan ini sebuah masalah. Hasrat seksual ibu
hamil umumnya akan kembali normal, bahkan meningkat ketika keluhan kehamilan
berkurang yaitu sekitar trimester kedua. Dengarkan keluhannya dan selalu
perhatikan dia.</span></div>
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<b style="background-color: #45818e;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;">Tips:
Pemeriksaan Roentgen X-Ray</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sangat penting
untuk berkonsultasi dengan dokter terlebih dahulu sebelum melakukan pemeriksaan
radiologi di abdomen (perut) dan bagian bawah panggul. X-ray dapat berbahaya
untuk janin. Ibu hamil dapat melakukan pemeriksaan radiologi untuk gigi atau
ekstemitas (lengan dan kaki) karena x-ray ini tidak secara langsung terpajan
dengan level radiasi berbahaya pada janin. Namun sinar x-ray secara langsung
dapat berbahaya bagi janin.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #f79646; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent6;">~
Minggu : 8</span></i></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="background-color: #45818e;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;">Perkembangan
Pesat Otak dan Jantung Embrio</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Umurku 6 minggu
dan panjangku sekitar 11-13 mm. Otakku berkembang pesat dan wajahku sudah
semakin jelas terlihat. Tinggal 32 minggu lagi!</span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkofxg_pz7L4rhGybrQnZNR8UOyyFE-ZTpgwvzBKoAA77lygn_Z2b6BXmQjnjtAr5rRERpQlOZ-jWeQi9O4DlpHXMCoIABirz11-hEZqZJtZ6nksEZwely-LlZkHHwZCFGNuZ37XDgb9I/s1600/w08.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkofxg_pz7L4rhGybrQnZNR8UOyyFE-ZTpgwvzBKoAA77lygn_Z2b6BXmQjnjtAr5rRERpQlOZ-jWeQi9O4DlpHXMCoIABirz11-hEZqZJtZ6nksEZwely-LlZkHHwZCFGNuZ37XDgb9I/s320/w08.jpg" width="320" /></a><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perkembangan
terbanyak minggu ini adalah perkembangan otak dan kepala embrio. Pada minggu
ke-8, otak embrio berkembang dengan kecepatan yang luar biasa. Wajah dari
embrio juga semakin jelas terlihat, matanya terbuka, mulut dan lidahnya
berkembang, dan embrio sudah mulai membentuk ginjal. Saat ini adalah periode
kritis perkembangan lengan hampir berakhir, tonjolan lengan dan kaki mulai
membentuk bagian tangan, bahu, dan jari-jari. Tonjolan lengan sudah berada di posisi
proporsional akhir dan perkembangan rigi jari-jari tangan dan kaki sudah
terbentuk. Tali pusat-bagian yang menghubungkan antara embrio dengan plasenta-
sudah terbentuk. Tali pusat akan menjamin transportasi nutrisi dan oksigen
untuk embrio Ibu.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada minggu ke-8,
jantung janin sudah lengkap terbentuk 4 rongga, sekat untuk membatasi ruang
bilik dan serambi, serta katup diatara ruang-ruangnya. Tonjolan paru sudah
diliputi oleh pleura (selaput paru) dan cabang dari saluran bronkus.
Saluran-saluran dari ginjal juga semakin banyak dan semakin berkembang.
Membrana kloakalis pada janin sudah terbagi menjadi membarana urogenitalis
(membentuk saluran kencing dan alat kelamin) serta membrana analis (membentuk
anus atau dubur). Tonjol genitalia akan berkembang menjadi tonjol skrotum
(kantong kemaluan) pada bayi laki-laki dan akan berkembang menjadi labia mayora
pada bayi wanita. Embrio Ibu saat ini memiliki panjang 2 kali lipatnya yaitu
11-13 mm.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Akhir minggu
ke-8, embrio Ibu berusia 6 minggu dan berukuran 22-24 mm, kepala masih lebih
besar dibandingkan dengan tulang belakang. Tonjolan jari tangan dan kaki sudah
ada, saluran dari tenggorokan ke paru-paru sudah terbentuk. Bibir atas sudah
sempurna dan bentuk telinga bagian luar mulai membentuk elevasi pada kedua sisi
kepala. Bagian ‘buntut’ embrio akan perlahan menghilang. Pertumbuhan embrio
memiliki kecepatan 1 mm/hari, namun tidak harus di dalam penambahan panjang
badan, dapat juga di pertumbuhan organ lain seperti di lengan dan kaki.</span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Periode kritis
perkembangan jantung sudah hampir berakhir. Bilik jantung sudah lengkap dan
akan menyempurnakan bentuknya. Perkembangan hati disini akan menyebabkan
penonjolan dari perut embrio. Sistim saluran pencernaan berkembang di
umbilikus, usus halus berkembang dan akan bermigrasi ke dalam perut ketika
ruang di perut embrio sudah cukup besar. Punggung embrio semakin memanjang
sekarang, rangka embrio masih terdiri atas kartilage (tulang rawan) dimana sel
tulang pertama akan menggantikan kartilage pada hari ke 47 kehamilan. Osifikasi
(proses penulangan) primer mulai terjadi di pusat dari tulang panjang, Embrio
Ibu sudah mulai terlihat seperti bayi kecil sekarang.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="background-color: #45818e;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;">Ibu:</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jangan kaget
apabila ukuran bra Ibu bertambah 1-2 ukuran lebih besar, terutama bila ini
adalah embrio pertama. Payudara Ibu akan terus membesar sebagai persiapan untuk
menyusui. Sedangkan rahim Ibu sekarang berukuran sebesar jeruk. Jangan berdiet
selama kehamilan. Ibu harus meningkatkan berat badan sekarang karena akan
berbahaya bagi janin bila Ibu mengurangi berat badan.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Vitamin prenatal
sebaiknya tetap Ibu konsumsi. Meskipun Ibu mengkonsumsi vitamin prenatal, Ibu
juga harus tetap mengkonsumsi makanan bergizi yang berasal dari makanan. Sumber
zat gizi makanan dapat dilihat di tabel di bawah ini.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0in; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 144.75pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Zat Gizi</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 243.0pt;" valign="top" width="324">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sumber Makanan</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 144.75pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Protein (71
gram)</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 243.0pt;" valign="top" width="324">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Daging, telur,
produk susu, kacang, produk kedelai (tahu)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 144.75pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kalsium (1200
mg)</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 243.0pt;" valign="top" width="324">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Produk susu,
sayuran berdaun hijau, tahu, kacang</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 144.75pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Asam Folat (0,4
mg)</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 243.0pt;" valign="top" width="324">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hati, telur,
brokoli, kacang, jeruk, padi-padian, buncis</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 144.75pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Zat Besi (30 mg)</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 243.0pt;" valign="top" width="324">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hati, unggas,
ikan , daging, kuning telur, sayuran berdaun hijau, kacang, buah kering</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 144.75pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Magnesium (320
mg)</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 243.0pt;" valign="top" width="324">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Coklat,
seafood, buncis, kacang, padi-padian</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 144.75pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Vitamin B6 (2,2
mg)</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 243.0pt;" valign="top" width="324">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hati,
padi-padian, daging</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 144.75pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Vitamin E (10
mg)</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 243.0pt;" valign="top" width="324">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ikan, telur,
susu, daging, sereal</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 144.75pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Zinc (15 mg)</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 243.0pt;" valign="top" width="324">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Seafood, susu,
kacang, daging, buncis</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="background-color: #45818e;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;">Tips
: Hati-hati Keguguran</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hati-hati
terhadap risiko keguguran pada trimester pertama. Angka kejadian aborsi
meningkat dengan bertambahnya usia Ibu dan terdapatnya riwayat aborsi
sebelumnya. Penyebab abortus spontan bervariasi meliputi infeksi, faktor
hormonal, kelainan bentuk rahim, faktor imunologi (kekebalan tubuh), dan
penyakit dari ibu. Apabila Ibu merasakan nyeri perut bagian bawah, keram pada
rahim, perdarahan dari kemaluan, dan keluarnya embrio dari dalam rahim maka
segera hubungi dokter kandungan Ibu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #f79646; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent6;">~
Minggu : 9</span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="background-color: #45818e;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;">Pergerakan
Embrio Pertama Kali</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Umurku 7 minggu
dan beratku 2 gram. Panjangku saat ini 22-30 mm. Jari-jariku mulai terbentuk
dan aku mulai bergerak! Tinggal 31 minggu lagi!</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSzYWtEGuZ9h6viQ7jpz7w0pBXhmcvlHMvJlRy_HEk1PK-N_JKubkJH3bLzGhraTZaXOaprVKP6a_oW0LDcuRdQe25hdwTQ-h887sXAkWptHj03TXP5lT__uMNkYH2Y_5dlIBynhBi1N8/s1600/w09.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSzYWtEGuZ9h6viQ7jpz7w0pBXhmcvlHMvJlRy_HEk1PK-N_JKubkJH3bLzGhraTZaXOaprVKP6a_oW0LDcuRdQe25hdwTQ-h887sXAkWptHj03TXP5lT__uMNkYH2Y_5dlIBynhBi1N8/s320/w09.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Minggu ini mata
embrio sudah memiliki lensa, iris, retina, kornea, dan kelopak mata. Mata janin
belum terbuka karena kelopak mata belum terbentuk sempurna. Pigmentasi retina
didapatkan pada embrio. Saat ini embrio Ibu sudah menjadi janin yang berarti
‘muda’. Meskipun masih tergolong sangat kecil, embrio Ibu sudah terlihat mirip
dengan bayi. Selama perkembangan organ, lengan atas lebih cepat tumbuh
dibanding paha dan betis. Lengan sudah berada di lokasi final dan jari-jari
mulai memisah. Lekukan yang menandai perkembangan jari tangan di kemudian hari
sudah terbentuk.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tonjol rahang
atas (maksila) menyatu dengan tonjol hidung ketika bibir atas terbentuk.
Herniasi umbilikus atau masuknya organ pencernaan (usus, lambung) yang berada
di luar perut embrio ke dalam perut mulai terjadi minggu ini.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pankreas, kandung
empedu, duktus biliaris, dan anus (dubur) sudah siap di posisi masing-masing.
Hati embrio sudah terbentuk dan mulai menghasilkan sel darah merah yang
dipompakan ke seluruh tubuh oleh jantungnya yang kecil. Jantung embrio sendiri
saat ini sudah terbagi atas 4 ruangan dan berdebar 150x/menit.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perkembangan luar
biasa minggu ini adalah embrio Ibu yang mulai bergerak. Meskipun sudah mulai
bergerak, Ibu masih belum bisa merasakannya. Gigi yang sangat kecil sudah
berada di bawah gusi, pita suara dan kelenjar ludah mulai terbentuk, serta
janin akan mulai membuka mulutnya minggu ini. Pertumbuhan alat kelamin janin
Ibu akan dimulai. Panjang janin Ibu saat ini adalah 22-30 mm dengan berat badan
sekitar 2 gram.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="background-color: #45818e;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;">Ibu
:</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ibu akan mulai
merasakan peningkatan dari lingkar pinggul minggu ini, meskipun Ibu masih belum
terlihat jelas sedang hamil. Apabila Ibu sering sekali bolak-balik ke kamar
mandi untuk buang air kecil, maka kurangi konsumsi kafein yang terkandung di
dalam kopi dan teh, namun jangan mengurangi asupan cairan secara keseluruhan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Selama hamil,
volume darah akan meningkat sekitar 50%. Peningkatan volume darah ini penting
untuk memenuhi kebutuhan rahim yang sedang berkembang dan melindungi Ibu dan
bayi dari efek yang membahayakan ketika Ibu berbaring atau berdiri. Peningkatan
volume darah ini juga berfungsi sebagai pelindung selama persalinan karena
kemungkinan banyaknya kehilangan darah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peningkatan berat
badan Ibu selama kehamilan akan terbagi atas:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 400px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3,5 kg untuk
janin</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3,5
kg untuk simpanan Ibu (lemak, protein, nutrisi lain)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2 kg untuk
peningkatan volume cairan</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1 kg untuk
pembesaran payudara</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1 kg untuk
rahim</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1 kg untuk cairan amnion</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 7.5pt;" valign="top" width="10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">0,75 kg untuk
plasent</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Total dari semua
peningkatan berat badan Ibu selama kehamilan ini adalah sekitar 12 – 13 kg.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="background-color: #45818e;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;">Tips
: Gizi Kehamilan</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Untuk gizi
selama kehamilan, sebaiknya Ibu setiap hari makan 1 atau 2 buah yang kaya akan
vitamin C dan minimal 1 kali sayuran berwarna hijau tua atau kuning tua untuk
zat besi ekstra, serat, dan asam folat. Makanlah daging merah sebagai sumber
dari zat besi. Berhati-hatilah selalu akan makanan yang Ibu makan, beberapa
jenis makanan dapat mengandung bakteri yang berbahaya bagi perkembangan janin.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #f79646; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent6;">~
Minggu : 10</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #f79646; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: accent6;"></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="background-color: #45818e;">Pembesaran Pembuluh Vena Ibu Hamil</span> </span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Beratku sekitar 4
sampai 5 gram dengan panjang 31 sampai 42 mm. Umurku 8 minggu dengan
jari-jariku yang sudah lengkap terbentuk. Telinga dan tunas gigiku sudah ada.
Tinggal 30 minggu lagi!</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh84R9xxDrxJ9XL3vd15ZcoNBoA8gnRudjqre0Tq2CccdyLA3_16lNMus3kIfyCbdGwBDGnsGWG9Zmx6SkeQtbGsQoICQ-W085lELdfQLx6nh5iWTRzUxdiYWeHIDwwppO8xxrkNDRYC4I/s1600/w10.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh84R9xxDrxJ9XL3vd15ZcoNBoA8gnRudjqre0Tq2CccdyLA3_16lNMus3kIfyCbdGwBDGnsGWG9Zmx6SkeQtbGsQoICQ-W085lELdfQLx6nh5iWTRzUxdiYWeHIDwwppO8xxrkNDRYC4I/s320/w10.jpg" width="320" /></a><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Embrio saat ini
memiliki panjang 31 sampai 42 mm dengan perkiraan berat badan sekitar 4-5 gram.
Embrio Ibu sudah memiliki jari-jari tangan dan kaki yang bebas sehingga membuat
Ibu dapat merasakan tendangan di perut. Tungkai semakin memanjang dan membengkok
di daerah siku dan lutut. Penulangan tulang anggota badan akan dimulai pada
akhir masa embrio. Saat ini tulang embrio mulai terbentuk dan indentasi di kaki
yang akan membentuk lutut dan tumit mulai mengeras.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Telinga sudah
mulai berbentuk dan kelopak mata sudah tidak transparan lagi. Tonjolan untuk
pembentukan gigi yang berada di bawah gusi mulai terbentuk (meskipun bayi Ibu
nantinya baru memiliki gigi pada usia 6-7 bulan setelah lahir). Menjelang
perkembangan minggu ke-10, lamina dentis yang berada di sepanjang rahang atas
dan rahang bawah membentuk tunas gigi, masing-masing 10 buah pada setiap
rahang. Wajah embrio saat ini sudah menyerupai manusia dengan ekornya yang
sudah menghilang. Herniasi umbilikus akan bertahan sampai minggu ke-15.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Otak embrio akan
membentuk 250.000 sel saraf baru setiap menitnya, ginjal embrio Ibu sudah mulai
memproduksi air seni, lambungnya mulai memproduksi asam lambung, dan bila
embrio Ibu laki-laki, dia akan mulai memproduksi hormon testosteron. Detak
jantung janin sudah mulai dapat terdeteksi oleh suatu alat yang bernama
Doppler. Kemungkinan keguguran janin akan menurun setelah minggu ke-10. Paru
sudah terbagi atas 3 lobus di sebelah kanan, dan 2 lobus di sebelah kiri,
lengkap dengan selaputnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="background-color: #45818e;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ibu:</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Minggu ini plasenta
sudah mulai berfungsi mengatur hormonal embrio. Karena hal inilah maka gejala
dari mual dan muntah Ibu atau <i>morning sickness</i> mulai menurun. Meskipun
begitu, fluktuasi kadar hormonal di dalam tubuh masih menyebabkan
ketidakstabilan emosional atau mood yang naik turun pada Ibu hamil. Jangan
heran bila tiba-tiba Ibu merasa sedih atau depresi, dan di menit berikutnya Ibu
merasa baik-baik saja dan sangat bahagia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Suatu penanda
dari volume darah yang meningkat adalah terlihatnya pembuluh vena yang membesar
di permukaan kulit Ibu hamil. Umumnya aliran garis biru ini dapat Ibu lihat di
payudara, perut, tangan, dan kaki. Peningkatan volume darah sekitar 20-40% pada
Ibu hamil memang diimbangi dengan pembesaran vena agar pembuluh darah tersebut
dapat mengangkut aliran darah yang meningkat. Pembesaran vena ini akan
perlahan-lahan menghilang setelah bayi dilahirkan dan Ibu tidak lagi menyusui.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ibu masih belum
mebutuhkan baju hamil sekarang, namun ibu mungkin merasakan bahwa pakaian atau
baju sehari-hari mulai terasa tidak nyaman atau terasa ketat dan bra Ibu mulai
terasa sempit akibat dari pembesaran payudara. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut,
pakailah celana yang memiliki karet elastis pada bagian pinggang, Ibu dapat
membeli bra baru yang nyaman (ukuran payudara dapat meningkat 1-2 ukuran), dan
pakailan pakaian yang longgar.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peningkatan berat
badan Ibu selama kehamilan:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ibu dengan berat badan kurang (IMT
<
18,5)
: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>15 kg – 20 kg<br />
Ibu dengan berat badan normal (IMT 18,5 –
22,9) :<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>12,5
kg – 15 kg<br />
Ibu dengan berat badan berlebih (IMT >
22,9)
: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>7,5 kg – 12,5 kg</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="background-color: #45818e;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tips: Olahraga
Selama Kehamilan</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Olahraga seperti
berenang dan berjalan setiap hari selama 30 menit adalah pilihan tepat di
kala hamil. Olahraga dapat meningkatkan kekuatan otot, tonus otot, dan
ketahanan tubuh-tiga kualitas yang dapat membantu Ibu selama 9 bulan kehamilan,
membantu mengurangi stress saat melahirkan, dan membuat pembentukan tubuh
setelah melahirkan menjadi lebih mudah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="background-color: #45818e;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tips: Vaksinasi Selama
Kehamilan</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Imunisasi yang
direkomendasikan untuk digunakan selama kehamilan adalah vaksin DPT. Rubella
selama kehamilan dapat menyebabkan keguguran atau cacat pada janin. Oleh karena
itu, vaksin MMR sebaiknya diberikan sebelum kehamilan atau setelah persalinan
Vaksin campak yang hidup tidak diberikan pada wanita hamil, sedangkan vaksinasi
polio hanya diberikan pada wanita yang memiliki risiko tinggi terhadap paparan
polio.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="background-color: #45818e;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tips: Pemeriksaan
<i>Chorionic Villus Sampling</i></span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Chorionic Villus
Sampling</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (CSV) adalah tes
yang digunakan untuk mendeteksi kelainan genetik. CSV berguna untuk mendeteksi
kelainan genetik pada janin seperti Sindroma Down. Tes ini dilakukan pada
minggu ke 9 – 11 kehamilan menggunakan amniosintesis. Alat CSV akan ditempatkan
di leher rahim untuk memindahkan jaringan janin dari plasenta. Risiko keguguran
ketika melakukan CSV berkisar 1 – 2%.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #f79646; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent6;">~
Minggu : 11</span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="background-color: #45818e;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;">Penyempurnaan Organ
Janin</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Minggu ini aku
memasuki masa janin. Organ tubuhku sudah terbentuk lengkap. Panjangku sekitar
4-6 cm dengan berat sekitar 8 gram. Umurku 8 minggu, saat ini aku memasuki
tahap pembesaran, pemanjangan, dan penyempurnaan. Tinggal 29 minggu lagi!</span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTl_TrN99oEnEIm33vLTBUWtbvgP5YolIUr0VClSRLuHQI4lHj67iulNgl6DJviqXHJ4bY9vGz6xCVv3c2cr0WuNFgoExLBbfmGfuYxMzQUGAlcMsKX7ofQd16GiwVHAoaslUrnxQvF3U/s1600/w11.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTl_TrN99oEnEIm33vLTBUWtbvgP5YolIUr0VClSRLuHQI4lHj67iulNgl6DJviqXHJ4bY9vGz6xCVv3c2cr0WuNFgoExLBbfmGfuYxMzQUGAlcMsKX7ofQd16GiwVHAoaslUrnxQvF3U/s320/w11.jpg" width="320" /></a><b><span> </span></b></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Janin saat ini
memiliki panjang dari kepala sampai bokong sekitar 44 sampai 60 mm dengan
perkiraan berat janin sekitar 8 gram, kurang lebih sebesar telapak tangan Ibu.
Tahap gangguan atau kecacatan pada janin sudah terlewat minggu ini, minggu
pembentukan organ sudah selesai dan sekarang memasuki tahap pembesaran,
pemanjangan, dan penyempurnaan.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tangan janin akan
mulai terbuka dan membentuk kepalan tinju, <i>nail bed</i> atau dasar dari kuku
mulai terbentuk, tonjolan di bawah giginya mulai terbentuk, dan beberapa
tulangnya mulai mengeras. Janin akan memulai refleks menelan dan mencium.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Janin akan mulai
bergerak dan menggeliat dan gerakan tersebut akan semakin bertambah seiring
dengan perkembangan tubuhnya yang makin sempurna. Namun gerakan ini hanya
terlihat dengan pemeriksaan Ultrasonografi (USG). Ibu sendiri baru akan
merasakan gerakan janin dalam beberapa minggu ke depan. Meskipun testis dan
indung telur sudah sempurna terbentuk minggu ini, jangan buru-buru menyiapkan
dekorasi kamar bayi, Ibu baru dapat melihat jenis kelamin janin dalam waktu
beberapa minggu lagi. Bila bayi Ibu perempuan, perkembangan rahim dan vaginanya
sudah dimulai.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="background-color: #45818e;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;">Ibu:</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Minggu ini mual
dan muntah akan mulai berkurang, Ibu akan merasa lebih nyaman dan dapat makan
tanpa diiringi rasa mual. Plasenta yang sempurna dan pertumbuhan kelenjar akan
mengambil alih produksi hormon. Ibu dapat fokus ke hal lain yaitu peningkatan
berat badan Ibu dan janin yang signifikan di trimester kedua.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jangan khawatir
apabila kondisi mual trimester pertama membuat Ibu tidak bisa makan. Pada 3
bulan pertama, kenaikan berat badan Ibu memang berkisar 1 - 2,5 kg. Nafsu makan
Ibu akan kembali setelah fase ini terlampaui dan selanjutnya kenaikan berat
badan Ibu berkisar 0,5 kg/minggu. Namun saat ini bukan berarti Ibu boleh makan
tidak terkontrol, makan terus menerus tanpa memperhatikan gizi tidak akan ada
manfaat bagi janin. Pilihlah makanan yang bergizi seperti sayuran, gandum, dan
ikan. Nutrisi yang baik sangat berpengaruh di dalam perkembangan otak dan tubuh
janin.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sayangnya
beberapa keluhan selama kehamilan seperti konstipasi (hambatan pengeluaran dari
sisa-sisa makanan yang berkaitan dengan kesulitan BAB akibat tinja yang keras
disertai dengan nyeri pada perut.), <i>heart burn</i> (sensasi rasa panas atau
rasa tidak nyaman yang dirasakan dibalik tulang dada atau tenggorokan atau
keduanya), kembung, bersendawa, dan buang gas yang berkaitan dengan perubahan
hormon mulai dirasakan. Progesteron akan merelaksasi otot polos di tubuh Ibu.
Sakit kepala juga dapat Ibu rasakan akibat dari peningkatan kadar hormon. Ibu
dapat mencegah terjadinya sakit kepala dengan makan teratur, tingkatkan asupan
cairan, istirahat dan tidur teratur, serta hindari stres.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="background-color: #45818e;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;">Tips:
Hindari Makanan Berbahaya</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Makanan dan
minuman yang sebaiknya dihindari sewaktu hamil meliputi susu yang tidak
dipasteurisasi, produk susu yang tidak dipasteurisasi seperti keju lunak
(Camembert, Brie, feta, dan Roquefort). Daging dan seafood yang tidak dimasak
matang karena mengandung listeriosis yang membahayakan janin. Ikan yang
mengandung banyak merkuri sepertu hiu dan makarel, serta telur yang tidak
dimasak matang. Minuman yang sebaiknya dihindari adalah alkohol, batasi
konsumsi kafein (200 g sehari atau 6 gelas kopi). Hati-hati juga mengkonsumsi
makanan yang mengandung kafein seperti teh, kola, dan coklat.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="background-color: #45818e;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;">Tips:
Memakai Sabuk Pengaman</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Letakkan sabuk
pengaman di bawah perut Anda dan menyilang paha bagian atas Anda. Pasanglah
senyaman mungkin. Tali pengaman bahu juga dipasang senyaman mungkin. Letakkan
posisi tali pengaman bahu di antara payudara Anda.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #f79646; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: accent6;">~ </span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #f79646; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent6;">Minggu : 12</span></i></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="background-color: #45818e;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;">Refleks Janin Mulai
Terbentuk</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Umurku 10 minggu
dengan berat antara 8 – 14 gram dan panjang hampir 6 cm. Sel saraf dan
otakku berkembang sangat cepat. Refleksku sudah ada dan mataku dapat mengedip.
Ibu dapat melihat aku dengan alat USG. Tinggal 28 minggu lagi!</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibG5_UUWE7DQcS2jyL4mFd3pdu5MN3jz0RAOzlUOLh2SbhTTT3kpmfE5hlRrHi_dlHhXWUanUJPucP1ODQuLvRfibvFLNyuvEGjndU0ukwKhv0uThRLLA8Wkpoe6KB9W_eajwRmvL5uTo/s1600/w12.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibG5_UUWE7DQcS2jyL4mFd3pdu5MN3jz0RAOzlUOLh2SbhTTT3kpmfE5hlRrHi_dlHhXWUanUJPucP1ODQuLvRfibvFLNyuvEGjndU0ukwKhv0uThRLLA8Wkpoe6KB9W_eajwRmvL5uTo/s320/w12.jpg" width="320" /></a><span> </span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berat janin Ibu
sekarang antara 8 – 14 gram dengan panjang kepala sampai bokong hampir 60 mm.
Janin Ibu tumbuh dan berkembang 2 kali lipat dalam 3 minggu terakhir.
Perkembangan terbesar janin minggu ini adalah refleks bayi. Jari janin Ibu akan
mulai terbuka, ibu jari kaki janin akan mulai menekuk, otot mata akan
berkontraksi dimana janin dapat mengedipkan mata, dan mulut janin akan
membentuk gerakan menghisap. Usus janin Ibu yang berkembang dengan sangat cepat
sampai membuat suatu tonjolan di tali pusat akan mulai masuk ke rongga abdomen
(perut), dan ginjal janin akan mulai menghasilkan air seni ke dalam kantong
kemih. Minggu ini berat hati kurang lebih 10% dari seluruh berat badan janin
seluruhnya karena banyaknya sel-sel darah yang sedang giat berkembang. Pada
saat lahir nanti, berat hati hanya mencapai 5% dari seluruh berat badan bayi.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sementara itu sel
saraf janin berkembang sangat cepat dan di dalam otak janin sinaps atau aliran
listrik saraf juga mulai terbentuk. Mata janin akan berpindah dari sisi samping
ke depan kepala. Telinga janin bergeser ke sisi kepala, di tempat yang
seharusnya. Janin mulai dapat menelan cairan amnion (ketuban) di mana janin Ibu
sedang berenang-renang sekarang. Jangan khawatir janin Ibu tidak bisa bernapas
dan tenggelam di dalam cairan amnion. Janin mendapatkan oksigen dari darah yang
dipompakan ke dalam tubuh oleh plasenta dikarenakan janin belum dapat bernapas
menggunakan paru-paru.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Minggu ini tunas
gigi akan melakukan invaginasi sehingga menghasilkan tahap tudung perkembangan
gigi. Keluarnya gigi desidua atau gigi susu terjadi 6 – 24 bulan setelah bayi
lahir. Sebagian besar organ janin sudah sempurna terbentuk minggu ini. Sekarang
janin akan memasuki masa <i>maintenance</i> yaitu masa pematangan fungsi sistim
organ agar organ dapat berfungsi sempurna dalam 28 minggu ke depan.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="background-color: #45818e;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;">Ibu:</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rahim Ibu saat
ini teraba tepat di atas simpisis pubis atau di atas tulang kemaluan. Dari
ukuran yang sangat kecil, rahim Ibu sekarang berdiameter 12-14 cm, sebesar bola
kasti. Rahim Ibu akan perlahan-lahan membesar sekitar 1 cm setiap minggunya.
Pada saat melahirkan, rahim Ibu akan berdiameter sekitar 37 – 42 cm. Berat
rahim Ibu akan meningkat dari 70 gram sebelum kehamilan menjadi hampir
1100 gram ketika melahirkan. Ibu sudah mulai dapat berbelanja baju kehamilan
saat ini dan akan lebih baik dan lebih nyaman bila Ibu mulai menggunakan
pakaian longar.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ibu disarankan
untuk menjaga kebersihan dari giginya dengan cara menggosok gigi dan berkumur
setelah makan. Hal ini dikarenakan kebersihan rongga mulut yang tidak terjaga
dapat mengakibatkan penyakit gingivitis dan periodontitis. Kesehatan rongga
mulut dan gigi yang tidak terjaga dapat menjadi sumber infeksi yang berkaitan
dengan kelahiran prematur dan bayi dengan Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR).</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perasaaan <i>heart
burn</i> pada Ibu saat ini terjadi karena plasenta yang memproduksi hormon
progesteron merelaksasi katup yang memisahkan esofagus dan lambung sehingga
memudahkan terjadinya refluks atau naiknya asam lambung ke esofagus sehingga
menimbulkan sensasi panas atau terbakar di dada.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kulit ibu berubah
selama kehamilan. Pada sebagian besar wanita akan muncul garis vertikal
berwarna coklat kehitaman di kulit sepanjang bagian tengah perut yang disebut
dengan linea nigra. Garis ini akan ada selama kehamilan dan akan menghilang
setelah melahirkan. Jaring-jaring vaskuler dan palmar eritema (kemerahan di
telapak tangan) dapat terjadi akibat pelebaran dari pembuluh darah dan
tingginya kadar estrogen selama kehamilan. Gejala ini hanya sementara, tidak
berbahaya, dan akan menghilang setelah melahirkan.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="background-color: #45818e;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;">Tips:
Latihan Kegel</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sekarang adalah
saat yang tepat untuk melakukan latihan Kegel. Kegel dapat menguatkan otot
dasar panggul, tonus vagina, dan area perineum. Lakukan minimal 25x/hari.
Kontraksikan otot yang berada di sekitar vagina Ibu dan tahan 8 – 10 detik.
Berlatihlah menghentikan proses berkemih ketika di kamar mandi bila Ibu tidak
yakin Ibu melakukan latihan Kegel secara benar.</span></div>
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<b style="background-color: #45818e;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;">Tips
: Lakukan Pemeriksaan USG Minggu Ini</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Minggu ini, Ibu
dapat melakukan pemeriksaan ultrasonografi (USG) di dokter kebidanan Ibu.
Melalui pemeriksaan USG tersebut Ibu dapat melihat bentuk janin Ibu untuk
pertama kalinya sebagai bentuk manusia yang sempurna. USG juga dapat
memperlihatkan pertumbuhan janin, mengidentifikasi kelainan pada janin,
membedakan antara kehamilan normal dan kehamilan ektopik, serta mendeteksi
gerakan janin. Ibu juga dapat mendengar detak jantung janin Ibu secara jelas
menggunakan alat yang bernama doppler.</span></div>
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<span>(klikdokter.com) </span></div>
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<br />Erwinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12982580847034408349noreply@blogger.com11